2019年6月大學(xué)英語四級聽力考試（第二套）PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.WhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?A)Hesetarecordbeswimmingtoandfromanisland.B)Hecelebratedninthbirthdayonasmallisland.C)Hevisitedaprisonlocatedonafarawayisland.D)HeswamaroundanislandnearSanFrancisco.2.Whatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?A)Hedoubledthereward.B)Hecheeredhimonalltheway.C)Hesethimanexample.D)HehadtheeventcoveredonTV.Question3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.WhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusinChina?A)Toendtheone-childpolicy.B)Toencouragelatemarriage.C)Toincreaseworkingefficiency.D)Togivepeoplemoretimetotravel.4.Whatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?A)Theywillnotbewelcomedbyyoungpeople.B)Theywillhelptopopularizeearlymarriage.C)TheywillboostChina’seconomicgrowth.D)Theywillnotcomeintoimmediateeffect.Question5—7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?A)Cleaningserviceingreatdemandallovertheworld.B)Twoladiesgivingupwell-paidjobstodocleaning.C)Anewcompanytocleanupthemessafterparties.D)Cleanersgainfullyemployedatnightsandweekends.6.Whatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?A)Ittakesalotoftimetoprepare.B)Itleavesthehouseinamess.C)Itmakespartygoersexhausted.D)Itcreatesnoiseandmisconduct.7.WhatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?A)HireanAustralianlawyer.B)VisittheU.S.andCanada.C)Settlealegaldispute.D)Expandtheirbusiness.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8—11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?A)Hehadadrivinglesson.B)Hegothisdriver’slicense.C)Hetookthedriver’stheoryexam.D)Hepassedthedriver’sroadtest.9.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?A)Hewasnotwellprepared.B)Hedidnotgettotheexamintime.C)Hewasnotusedtothetestformat.D)Hedidnotfollowthetestprocedure.10.Whatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?A)Theyaretough.B)Theyarecostly.C)Theyarehelpful.D)Theyaretooshort.11.Whatdoesthemanhopetodonext?A)Passhisroadtestthefirsttime.B)Test-driveafewtimesonhighways.C)Findanexperienceddrivinginstructor.D)Earnenoughmoneyfordrivinglessons.Questions12—15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A)Wherethewomanstudies.B)TheacceptancerateatLeeds.C)Leeds’tuitionforinternationalstudents.D)Howtoapplyforstudiesatauniversity.13.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A)ApplytoanAmericanuniversity.B)Doresearchonhighereducation.C)Performinafamousmusical.D)Pursuepostgraduatestudies.14.WhatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheLeedsuniversity?A)Hisfavorablerecommendations.B)Hisoutstandingmusicaltalent.C)Hisacademicexcellence.D)Hisuniqueexperience.15.Whatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?A)Doamaster’sdegree.B)SettledowninEngland.C)Travelwidely.D)Teachoverseas.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16—18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?A)Theyhelpfarmerskeepdiseasesincheck.B)Manyspeciesremainunknowntoscientists.C)Onlyafewspeciescausetroubletohumans.D)Theyliveinincrediblywell-organizedcolonies.17.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?A)Theyarelargerthanmanyotherspecies.B)Theycancausedamagetopeople’shomes.C)Theycansurvivealongtimewithoutwater.D)Theyliketoformcoloniesinelectricalunits.18.Whatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?A)Denythemaccesstoanyfood.B)Keepdoorsandwindowsshut.C)Destroytheircoloniescloseby.D)Refrainfromeatingsugaryfood.Questions19—21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whatisthefocusofthespeaker’sresearch?A)Thefunctionofthehumanimmunesystem.B)Thecauseofvariousauto-immunediseases.C)Thevirusesthatmayinfectthehumanimmunesystem.D)Thechangeinpeople’simmunesystemastheygetolder.20.Whatarethevolunteersaskedtodointheresearch?A)Reporttheirillnesses.B)Offerbloodsamples.C)Actasresearchassistants.D)Helptointerviewpatients.21.Whatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?A)Strengtheningpeople’simmunitytoinfection.B)Betterunderstandingpatients’immunesystem.C)Helpingimproveoldpeople’shealthconditions.D)Furtherreducingoldpatients’medicalexpenses.Questions22—25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.WhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?A)Hisstudentshadtroublegettingonwitheachother.B)Alotofkidsstayedatschooltodotheirhomework.C)Hisstudentswerestrugglingtofollowhislessons.D)Agroupofkidswereplayingchessafterschool.23.WhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada’sschoolgoingtodothisweek?A)VisitachessteaminNashville.B)Jointheschool’schessteam.C)Participateinanationalchesscompetition.D)Receivetrainingforachesscompetition.24.WhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?A)Mostofthemcomefromlow-incomefamilies.B)Manyhavebecomenationalchesschampions.C)Acoupleofthemhavegotinvolvedincrimes.D)Manybecamechesscoachesaftergraduation.25.WhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?A)Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B)Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.C)Translatetheirwordsintoaction.D)Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.聽力答案與解析AWhatdidtheboyfromcentralCaliforniadoaccordingtoreport?解析：根據(jù)原文“據(jù)California的一家電視臺Enfresno周二報(bào)道，作為最年輕的游泳運(yùn)動員，JimSavage刷新了新的游往前監(jiān)獄的記錄。“可知，他刷新了新的游泳記錄。答案為A。AWhatdidthefatherdotoencouragehisson?解析：根據(jù)原文“Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollar”得出答案。可知文中的父親為了鼓勵(lì)兒子，將獎(jiǎng)金翻倍。答案為A。BWhatwaspurposeoftheannualleavebonusofChina?解析：根據(jù)原文“Theholidaybonuswastodesigntoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried”得出答案。可知中國的年假獎(jiǎng)金政策，是為了鼓勵(lì)年輕人晚婚。答案為B。DWhatdowelearnaboutthenewregulations?解析：根據(jù)原文“…butonelawyertoldthepaperthechangesstillhavetobeadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandtheseprocedurestaketime”得出答案。由此可知，地方政府仍然需要適應(yīng)這些改變，而且這些程序需要時(shí)間，所以可知，新的政策不會馬上就生效。答案為D。CWhatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?解析：根據(jù)原文“Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.”得出答案。由此可知，文章主要講了一個(gè)公司，主要負(fù)責(zé)清掃聚會之后的“戰(zhàn)場”的故事。答案為C。BWhatisthecommonproblemofthehouseparty?解析：根據(jù)原文“Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn’tasenjoyable.Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.”得出答案。由文中可知，聚會種遇到的最大的麻煩就是聚會之后的一片狼藉。答案為B。DWhatareRebeccaFollyandCatherinAshishplanningtodo?解析：根據(jù)原文“theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethebusinessforward.”得出答案。由文中可知，因?yàn)樗麄冞€收到了美國和加拿大的請求，所以RebeccaFollyandCatherinAshish打算擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)。答案為D。CWhatdidthemandoyesterday?解析：根據(jù)原文“howdidyourdriver’stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?M:Yes.”得出答案。由此可知，對話中地男士昨天參加了駕駛理論考試。AWhydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?解析：根據(jù)原文“Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirsttime,didn’tyou?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.”得出答案。由此可知，男士第一次考試沒過是因?yàn)樗麤]有準(zhǔn)備充分。CWhatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?解析：根據(jù)原文“Althoughthelessonsareratherexpensive.”得出答案。由此可知，男士說他地駕駛考試花費(fèi)很高。DWhatdoesthemanhopetodonext?解析：根據(jù)原文“…andhopefully,I’llbesuccessfulthefirsttime.”得出答案。由此可知，該男士希望能一次通過駕駛考試。CWhatdoesthemanwanttoknow?解析：根據(jù)原文“…doyouknowhowmuchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?”得出答案。由文中可知，對話中的男士希望知道國際學(xué)生在利茲大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)。DWhatisthemangoingtodo?解析：根據(jù)原文“Anyway,I’monlygoingtobethereforayear,doingmymasters.”得出答案。由文中可知，男士想繼續(xù)攻讀他的碩士學(xué)位。答案為D。BWhatmightqualifythemanforascholarshipattheLeedsuniversity?解析：根據(jù)原文“Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.”得出答案。由文中可知，女士說男士是一個(gè)才華橫溢的鋼琴師。答案為B。DWhatisthewomanplanningtodoaftergraduation?解析：根據(jù)原文“Buttheplanistoworkataninternationalschooloverseas”得出答案。由原文可知，女士說“你可能會感到驚訝，我仍然會成為一名老師。但是我計(jì)劃在英國獲得一年左右的經(jīng)驗(yàn)后，在海外的國際學(xué)校工作。”所以女士應(yīng)該會選擇在海外教學(xué)，作一名老師。答案為D。CWhatdoesthepassagesayaboutants?解析：根據(jù)原文“Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.”得出答案。由文中可知，只有極少一部分螞蟻會傷害人類。BWhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcarpenterants?解析：根據(jù)原文“Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure”得出答案。由文中可知，它們會破壞房子的結(jié)構(gòu)。AWhatcanwedotopreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?解析：根據(jù)原文“Mostimportantofall,avoidgivingantsanyaccesstofood”得出答案。由文中可知防止螞蟻進(jìn)房子最有效的方法就是切斷螞蟻的食物。DWhatisthefocusofthespeaker’sresearch?解析：根據(jù)原文“Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.”得出答案。由文中可知，講話人的研究重點(diǎn)就是當(dāng)人們老的時(shí)候，免疫系統(tǒng)發(fā)生的變化。答案為D。BWhatarethevolunteersaskedtodointheresearch?解析：根據(jù)原文“Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithbloodsamplestobeinterviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.”得出答案。由文中可知，志愿者們的工作的就是為我們提供血液的樣本。答案為B。CWhatdoesthespeakersaywillbetheimpactofhisresearch?解析：根據(jù)原文“Iwanttomakesurethatolderadultsarestillabletoenjoytheiroldage,andthattheyarenotspendingtimeinhospitalwithinfection.”得出答案。由文中可知，講話者說他該項(xiàng)研究的意義就是為了讓老年人安度晚年。DWhatdidTedKomadanoticeonedayafterhestartedteachingatKilipElementary?解析：根據(jù)原文“henoticedacoupleofdaysafterschoolthatagroupofkidwouldgettogethertoplaychess.”得出答案。由文中可知，TedKomada注意到一群孩子在下棋。答案為D。CWhataredozensofstudentsfromKomada’sschoolgoingtodothisweek?解析：根據(jù)原文“dozensofthosestudentsaregettingreadytoheadouttoNashvilleTennesseetocompetewithabout5000otheryoungpeopleattheSuperNationalsofChess.”得出答案。由文中可知，這周Komada學(xué)校的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備去參加一場國際圍棋比賽。AWhatdowelearnaboutthestudentsofKilipElementary?解析：根據(jù)原文“Theschoolhasthehighestnumberofkidsfromlow-incomefamilies.”得出答案。由文中可知，大多數(shù)的學(xué)生都來自低收入的家庭。BWhathavethestudentslearnedfromKomada?解析：根據(jù)原文“Studentsaremorelikelytothinkabouttheiractionsandseewhethertheywillleadtotrouble.”得出答案。由文中可知，學(xué)生們學(xué)會的是做事情要三思而后行。聽力原文與翻譯新聞報(bào)道1A9-year-oldcentralCaliforniaboybravedstrongcurrentsandcoldwatertoswimfromSanFranciscotoAlktraskIslandandback.ACaliforniatelevisionstationEnfresno,reportedTuesdaythatJimSavage,setarecordastheyoungestswimmertomakethejourneytotheformerprison.TheTVstationreportedthatbycompletingtheswim,thefourthgradestudentfromLosbaniosbrokearecordpreviouslyheldbya10-year-oldboy.JimsaidthatwavesintheSanFranciscoBayhittinghimintheface30minutesintothisswim,madehimwanttogiveup.Hisfathersaid,hehadofferedhisson100dollarsasareward.Toencouragehisstrugglingson,hedoubleditto200dollars.Jamespushedforward,makingittoAlktraskIslandandbackinalittlemorethan2hours.Alktraskisoveramilefromthemainland.一名California中部的9歲男孩不畏寒冷和逆流，從SanFrancisco游到Alktrask島并返回。據(jù)California的一家電視臺Enfresno周二報(bào)道，作為最年輕的游泳運(yùn)動員，JimSavage刷新了新的游往前監(jiān)獄的記錄。電視臺報(bào)道說，通過完成游泳，這個(gè)來自Losbanios的四年級學(xué)生打破了之前由一名10歲男孩創(chuàng)立的紀(jì)錄。JimSavage說，在他游泳的30分鐘，舊金山灣的海浪拍打著他的臉，一度讓他想要放棄。他的父親說，他已經(jīng)給他兒子100美元作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。但是為了鼓勵(lì)他掙扎的兒子，他將獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)翻倍至200美元。JimSavage向前推進(jìn)，前往Alktrask島并在2個(gè)多小時(shí)內(nèi)返回。Alktrask距離大陸超過一英里遠(yuǎn)。新聞報(bào)道2OnthefirstJanuary，newregulationswerecomingtoafactwhicheliminatedanannualleavebonusforpeoplewhoputoffmarriageuntiltheageof23forwomenand25formen,theSouthChinamorningpostreports.Theholidaybonuswastodesigntoencourageyoungpeopletodelaygettingmarried,inlineswithChina’sone-childpolicy,butwiththepolicynowbeenabolished,thisholidayincentiveisnolongernecessary.Thegovernmentsays.Inshanghai,theyoungcoupleattheregistrationofficetoldthepaperthattheydecidedtoregistertheirmarriageassoonaspossibletotakeadvantageoftheexistingpolicy.Becauseanextraholidaywasabigdealforthem.InBeijing,oneregistrationofficehadabout300couplesseekingtogetmarriedthedayafterthechangeswereannounced.Ratherthantheusualnumber,oftenbetween70and80,butonelawyertellthepaperthechangesstillhavetobeadoptedbylocalgovernmentsandthisprocedurestaketime,sopeoplewhoarerushingforamarriagecanrelax.據(jù)華南早報(bào)報(bào)道，1月1日，新法規(guī)出臺了一項(xiàng)法案，該法案取消了晚婚假（推遲到23歲結(jié)婚的女性和推遲到25歲結(jié)婚的男性）的獎(jiǎng)金。年假獎(jiǎng)金主要是鼓勵(lì)年輕人推遲結(jié)婚，這與中國獨(dú)生子女政策是一致的，但由于政策現(xiàn)已被取消，這種假期優(yōu)惠政策也不必要了。政府部門說，上海登記處的年輕夫婦告訴該報(bào)，他們決定盡快登記結(jié)婚，以利用現(xiàn)行政策。因?yàn)轭~外的假期對他們來說是一件大事。在北京，當(dāng)法案發(fā)布的第二天開始，一個(gè)登記處就有大約300對夫婦在等著領(lǐng)證。正常的領(lǐng)證人數(shù)，通常在70到80之間，但是一位律師告訴該報(bào)，地方政府仍然需要適應(yīng)這些改變，而且這些程序需要時(shí)間，所以急著結(jié)婚的人可以暫時(shí)放松一下。新聞報(bào)道3Everyonelovesagoodhouseparty,butthecleaningupinthenextmorningisn’tasenjoyable.Nowhowever,aNewZealandbasedstartupcompanyaimstobringmessyhomesandevensplittingheadachesbacktonormal.TheproperlynamedstartupMorningAfterMaids,waslaunchedabout1monthagoinAucklandbyroom-maidsRebeccaFollyandCatherineAshers.Asidefromcleaningup,thetwowillalsocookbreakfastandevengetcoffeeandpainkillersforrecoveringmerrymakers.Althoughtheyarebothgainfullyemployed,theydidcleaningjobsintotheirnightsandweekendswhichiswhentheirserviceisinmostdemandanyway.Besidesbeingflattedwithrequestfromacrossthecountry,FollyandAshershavealsoreceivedrequestfromtheU.S.andCanadatoprovidetheservicesthere,theyarereportedlymeetingwithlawyerstoseehowbesttotakethebusinessforward.每個(gè)人都喜歡不錯(cuò)的家庭聚會，但第二天早上的清潔工作并不是那么令人愉快。然而，現(xiàn)在，一家總部位于新西蘭的startup公司的目標(biāo)是將凌亂的房屋，甚至讓人非常頭疼的房屋，恢復(fù)正常。這家公司正確命名為startupMorningAfterMaids,于1個(gè)月前在奧克蘭,由房間女傭RebeccaFolly和CatherineAshers推出。除了清理之外，兩人還會做早餐，甚至準(zhǔn)備咖啡和止痛藥來使那些狂歡后的人恢復(fù)過來。即使他們都是被高薪聘用，但是他們主要的工作時(shí)間是晚上和周末。除了滿足全國各地的要求，F(xiàn)olly和Ashers還收到了美國和加拿大的請求來提供服務(wù)，報(bào)道稱，他們正在與律師會面，然后看看如何能最棒地推動業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展。長對話1W:Carl,howdidyourdriver’stheoryexamgo?Itwasyesterday,right?M:Yes,I’vepreparedasmuchasIcould.ButIwassonervoussinceitwasmysecondtrial.Thepeoplewhoworkedatthetestcenterwereverykindthough.Wehadalittleconversationwhichcalmedmedownabit,andthatwasjustwhatIneeded.Then,aftertheexam,theyprintedoutmyresult.ButIwasafraidtoopenituntilIwasoutside.IwassuchareliefthatIpassed.W:Congratulations!Iknewyoucoulddoit.Ithinkyouunderestimatedhowdifficultitwouldbethefirsttime,didn’tyou?Ihearalotofpeoplemakethatmistakeandgoinunderprepared.Butgoodjobinpassingthesecondtime.I’msoproudofyou.Now,allyouhavetodonextisyourroadtest.Haveyouhadanylessonsyet?M:Yes,thanks.I’msohappytobeactuallyontheroadnow.I’veonlyhadtwodrivinglessonssofar,andmyinstructorisveryunderstanding.So,I’mreallyenjoyingit.Ican’twaitformynextsession.Althoughthelessonsareratherexpensive.20poundsanhour,andtheinstructorsaysI’llneedabove30—40lessonsintotal,that’swhat?6—8hundredpounds.So,thistime,I’llneedtomakealotmoreeffort,andhopefully,I’llbesuccessfulthefirsttime.W:Well,goodluck.W：Carl，你的駕駛員理論考試怎么樣了？那是昨天，對嗎？M：是的，我已經(jīng)盡可能地準(zhǔn)備了。即使考試中心的人都很好，但是因?yàn)檫@是我的第二次考試，所以我很緊張。我們進(jìn)行了一些談話，讓我平靜下來，這正是我所需要的。然后考完試后，他們打印出我的結(jié)果。直到到外面，我才敢打開考試結(jié)果。知道過了，我才松了一口氣。W：恭喜！我知道你可以做到。第一次考試的時(shí)候你低估了考試難度是嗎？我知道很多人都會犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤然后準(zhǔn)備不充分。但是第二次就順利通過。我真為你驕傲。現(xiàn)在接下來你要做的就是路試。你已經(jīng)上過課了嗎？M：是的，謝謝。現(xiàn)在真的能上路之后我覺得好開心。我目前為止只上過兩節(jié)駕駛課，我的教練還是很通情達(dá)理的。所以我真的很享受。我已經(jīng)迫不及待地要開始下一階段地學(xué)習(xí)了。即使課程費(fèi)也是相當(dāng)?shù)匕嘿F。每小時(shí)20磅，教練說我總共需要30-40課，總地來說，多少呢？我大概需要600-800磅。所以，這一次，我需要付出更多努力，希望我第一次成功。W：祝你好運(yùn)。長對話2M:Emma,I’vegotacceptedtotheuniversityofLeeds.Sinceyou’regoingtouniversityinEngland,doyouknowhowmuchitisforinternationalstudentstostudythere?W:Congratulations.Yes,Ibelieveforinternationalstudents,you’llhavetopayaround13,000poundsayear,it’sjustabitmorethanthelocalstudents.M:OK,that’sabout17,000dollarsforthetuitionandfees.Anyway,I’monlygoingtobethereforayear,doingmymasters.Soit’sprettygood.IfIstayedintheU.S.,it’dtake2years,andcostatleast50,000dollarsintuitionalone.Also,IhaveagoodchanceofwinningascholarshipatLeeds,whichwouldbeprettyawesome,thebenefitofbeingamusicgenius.W:Yeah,Iheardyouareatalentedpianoplayer.Soyouaredoingapost-graduatedegreenow?I’mstillinmylastyear,graduatingnextJune.Finally,I’llbedonewithmystudies,andcouldgoontoearninglotsofmoney.M:Areyoustillplanningonbeingateacher?Nomoneyatthatjobthen.W:You’dbesurprised,I’mstillgoingtobeateacher.Buttheplanistoworkataninternationalschooloverseas,afterIgetayearorsoexperienceinEngland.It’sbetterpaid,andIgettotravel,whichremindsmeI’mlateformyclass,andI’vegotsomedocumentsIneedtoprintoutfirst.I’vegottorun.M：艾瑪，我已經(jīng)被利茲大學(xué)錄取了。既然你要去英國上大學(xué)，你知道國際學(xué)生在那里學(xué)習(xí)多少錢嗎？W：恭喜。是的，我認(rèn)為對于國際學(xué)生來說，你每年需要支付大約13,000英鎊，這比當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)生要多一點(diǎn)。M：好的，這筆費(fèi)用大約是17,000美元。不管怎么樣，為了獲得我的碩士學(xué)位，我只要在那里學(xué)習(xí)一年。但是很不錯(cuò)了。如果我留在美國，則需要2年時(shí)間，就學(xué)費(fèi)的花銷而言至少也要5萬美元。另外，我也有可能在利茲獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，這就是成為音樂才子的好處。W：是的，我聽說你是一位才華橫溢的鋼琴演奏家。那么你現(xiàn)在正在攻讀研究生學(xué)位？我是念最后一年，明年六月畢業(yè)。完成學(xué)業(yè)可以繼續(xù)賺錢。M：你打算當(dāng)老師嗎？那個(gè)工作不怎么掙錢。W：你可能會感到驚訝，我仍然會成為一名老師。但是我計(jì)劃在英國獲得一年左右的經(jīng)驗(yàn)后，在海外的國際學(xué)校工作。這會得到一點(diǎn)報(bào)酬，然后我去旅行，這讓我想起我上課遲到，我有一些文件，我需要先打印出來。我得跑了。聽力篇章1Scientistshaveidentifiedthousandsofknownantsspeciesaroundtheworld.Andonlyafewofthembughumans.Mostantsliveinthewoods,oroutinnature.There,theykeepothercreaturesincheck,distributeseeds,andcleandeadanddecayingmaterialsfromtheground.Averysmallpercentageofantsdoharmtohumans.Butthoseareincrediblychallengingtocontrol.Theyaresmallenoughtoeasilyslipinsideyourhouse.Liveincoloniesthatnumberinthetensofthousandstothehundredsofthousands,andreproducequickly.Thatmakesthemgoodatgettingin,andhardtokickout.Oncetheysettlein,theseinsectsstartaffectingyourhome.Inadditiontobargingants,otherspeciescancausedifferentkindsofdamage.Some,likecarpenterants,canundermineahomestructure,whileothersinterferewiththeelectricalunits.Unfortunately,ourhomesareveryattractivetoants,becauseitprovideseverythingthecolonyneedstosurvive,suchasfood,water,andshelter.So,howcanwepreventantsfromgettingintoourhomes?Mostimportantofall,avoidgivingantsanyaccesstofood,particularlysugaryfood,becauseantshaveasweettooth.Wealsoneedtocleanupspillsassoonastheyoccur,andstorefoodinair-tightcontainers.Evengarbageattractsants,soemptyyourtrashasoftenaspossible.Andstoreyouroutsidegarbageinaliddedcan,whileawayfromdoorsandwindows.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)區(qū)分了世界上數(shù)以千計(jì)的已知螞蟻物種。它們中只有少數(shù)會對人類造成傷害。大多數(shù)螞蟻生活在樹林中，或生活在自然界中。在那里，他們檢查其他生物，傳播種子，并從地面清理死亡和腐爛的物質(zhì)。很小比例的螞蟻會傷害人類。但控制它們難度極大。它們很小，很容易在你家里滑動游走。螞蟻會把成千上萬到數(shù)十萬的地方變?yōu)橹趁竦兀⒃谀抢镅杆俜敝场＿@一點(diǎn)使他們善于進(jìn)入家中，但是很難清除。一旦他們安頓下來，這些蟲子就開始影響你的家。除了蟻災(zāi)泛濫外，不同類型的螞蟻也會造成不同類型的傷害。有些螞蟻，比如木匠蟻，它們可以破壞房子結(jié)構(gòu)，而有些螞蟻會破壞電子零件。不幸的是，我們的房子對螞蟻非常有吸引力，因?yàn)樗峁┝酥趁竦厣嫠璧囊磺校缡澄铮妥∷Ｄ敲矗覀內(nèi)绾畏乐刮浵佭M(jìn)入我們家里呢？最重要的是，避免讓螞蟻獲得食物，特別是含糖食物，因?yàn)槲浵佅埠锰鹗场Ｎ覀冞€需要盡快清理溢出物，并將食物儲存在真空包裝中。垃圾甚至也會吸引螞蟻，所以盡可能經(jīng)常倒垃圾。把你要帶出的垃圾放在一個(gè)帶蓋的容器里，遠(yuǎn)離門窗。聽力篇章2Myresearchfocusisonwhathappenstoourimmunesystemasweage.Sothejoboftheimmunesystemistofightinfections.Italsoprotectsusfromvirusesandfromautoimmunediseases.Weknowthataswegetolder,it'seasierforustogetaffections.Soolderadultshavemorechancesoffallingill.Thisisevidencethatourimmunesystemreallydoesn'tfunctionsowellwhenweage.Inmostofourwork,whenwewerelookingatolderadultswho’vegotanillness,wealwayshavetohavehealthcontrols.SoweworkverycloselywithagreatgroupofvolunteerscalledtheOneThousandElders,thesevolunteersareall65orover,butingoodhealth.Theycometotheuniversitytoprovideuswithbloodsamplestobeinterviewedandtohelpustocarryoutawholerangeofresearch.Therealimpactofourresearchisgoingtobeonhealthinoldage.Atthemoment,wearelivingmuchl