高考英語復習-閱讀理解（段落大意題）

目錄內容

板塊一命題規律探究

板塊二高考真題引領

板塊三名校模擬演練

命題規律探究

解答段落大意題的關鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個段落總有一個中心，通常中心

思想會在首句或尾句體現出來，這就是常說的段落主題句。總體來說，采用歸納法的段落，細節

表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點，后舉例子，由一般

到特殊，主題句出現在段首，這種現象較多出現在說明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊一一般

一特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現在段落的中間。有時，作者沒有寫出明顯的主題句，考生要學會

根據段落的內容概括出主題句。

一、段落大意題設題方式

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph,theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

二、正確選項的特征

1.通常不含細節信息的詞。

2.通常不含絕對意義的詞。

3.能概括全文或某段的全部內容；涵蓋性強，精確度強，恰當的表意范圍和情感色彩。

三、干擾選項的特征

1.過于籠統，不知所云。所概括的內容超出原文的范圍。

2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細節內容或個別詞語做出選項內容。

3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項中定語和狀語影響語意范圍，或者把屬于A的內容放在B上。

4.主觀臆測，無中生有，選項中關鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項的實際含義與文章主題無關。

四、段落大意題思維導圖

段仃：說明文和議論文中的主題

首尾旅頓一句常在段首

抓

段尾：先表述細節.后歸納概

住知段意

段括,段落主陋句在段電

落段中間：先用一句或幾句話引出要表達的生

主題.再陳述主翹，然后論述細,，即引出主題

題

一段落中心一再論述

句

沒有明顯段落主題句時,需概括段落內容,

總結段落大意

（2020全國I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshave

foundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

破題關鍵點

第一步讀文章，概括段意

本段通過列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物對人類的好處。

第二步析選項，斟酌判斷

對不同植物的一項新研究。原文中提到對綠色植物的研究，但不以偏概全，

A

是該段的主旨。斷章取義

犯罪率大幅下降。用犯罪率下降來證明的是綠色植物的好處，故混以偏概全，

B

淆主次。斷章取義

來自不同工作場所的員工。以偏概全，

c

雖涉及到工作場所的員工，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主題。生搬硬套

綠色植物的好處。本段主旨就是列舉兩項科學研究來說明綠色植物涵蓋性強，

D

對人類的好處。該項是對本段內容的精煉總結和概括。覆蓋全段

自主解答：D

（2017全國n卷C篇，保留原題序號）

（2017-全國卷n,C篇節選）TerrafiigiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,

bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedthe

Transition-hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat

1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.ltfliesusinga

23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

［解題思路］

第一步

thefirstparagraphmainlyabout

題干關鍵詞

第二步at1,400feetforeightminutes,70milesperhour,a23gallontank,35miles

原文關鍵詞pergallon

ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

A直接概括

（飛行汽車）Transition的基本數據。

Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

B飛行汽車的優點。'J曲解文意

第三步比對

選項關鍵詞

Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

c飛行汽車的潛在市場。"J無中生有

ThedesignersoftheTransition.

D以偏概全

飛行汽車的設計者。

自主解答：A

（2022新高考I卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsome

southernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudy

showsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'and

"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamian

BlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊）,makingithardto

producelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoan

overbitestructure（結構）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguages

aftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.These

soundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolved

around300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceof

humanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayof

thingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.

B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.

D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C

【導語】本篇是一篇說明文。主要介紹因為飲食的改變導致了現在在世界上一半的語言中發現了新的語音。

32.Do細節理解題。根據文章第一段中的"Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeech

soundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"andweremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhow

andwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，學者CharlesHockett注意到，被稱為唇齒音的語音，如"f"和"v”，在

吃軟食物的社會的語言中更常見。現在，瑞士蘇黎世大學的DamianBlasi領導的一組研究人員發現了這一趨勢

產生的方式和原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重點是在語言的演變上。故選D。

33.Co細節理解題。根據第三段中的"Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthuman

adultswerealigned9makingithardtoproducelabiodentals9whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds?（他發現,

古人類的上門牙和下門牙是對齊的，因此很難產生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。后來，我

們的下顆變成了覆蓋咬合結構，更容易發出這樣的聲音）”可知，因為古代成年人的下顆結構使他們很難發出唇

齒音。故選C。

34.Ao主旨大意題。根據第五段中的"Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobal

changeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasing

remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmany

hunter.gathererpeopletoday.（對語言數據庫的分析也證實，在新石器時代之后，世界語言的發音發生了全球性

的變化，在過去幾千年里，“f”和“v”的使用顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語言中仍然沒有發

現）”可知，第五段主要是通過列明數據分析結果來進一步證明研究結果。故選A。

35.Co推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstable

sincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayisthe

productofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/9saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說：”自從人類出現以來，我們使用的語音不一定保

持穩定，我們今天發現的各種語音都是生物變化和文化進化等復雜相互作用的產物J）”可知，StevenMoran認

為語音是一個復雜的動態系統。故選C。

（2022全國甲卷D篇，保留原題序號）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,

oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere-broadparks,superbbeaches,anda

culturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.

AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewhole

morningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentour

separateways-heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.

"I'llmisstheseoldboats,“hesaidasweparted.

“Howdoyoumean?"Iasked.

"Oh,they'rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey'renotsoelegant,andthey'renotfun

topilot.Butthafsprogress,Iguess.”

EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords（口號），andtraditionsareincreasingly

rare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneyswept

asidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.""Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,9,shesaid."Wecan'tseem

tomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamodemcityoratraditionalone.Ifsaconflictthatwearen'tgettinganybetter

atresolving（解決）

Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImeta

thoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony."Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,9,hetoldme.

“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreeks

some3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We'vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveand

dynamismofayoungcountry.Ifsaprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”

Heisright,butIcan'thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney'sdevelopment.

D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

33.WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?

A.Hegoestoworkbyboat.

B.Helooksforwardtoanewlife.

C.Hepilotscatamaranswell.

D.Heisattachedtotheoldferries.

34.WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?

A.Itislosingitstraditions.

B.Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.

C.Itshouldexpanditspopulation.

D.Itisbecomingmoreinternational.

35.Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.

B.Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.

C.modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.

D.Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.

32-35DDAA

【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過作者和悉尼人士的交流介紹了悉尼發展中面臨的問題。

32.Co主旨大意題。根據第一段"Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.

Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.（20世紀60年代初，澳大利亞悉尼發生了一件大事。這座城市發現了它的港口）”

以及“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.（但是是港口造就了城市）”可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發展的關鍵是

港口。故選C。

33.Do細節理解題。根據第二段“AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotSydneyferryboatsfora

living.（30歲出頭的AndrewReynolds是個快樂的小伙子,他在悉尼擔任渡輪領航員為生）”、第三段“PHmissthese

oldboats.（我會想念這些舊船的）”以及第五段"Catamaransarefaster,butthey9renotsoelegant,andthey'renot

funtopilot.（雙體船更快，但它們不那么優雅，駕駛起來也不有趣）”可知，渡輪領航員AndrewReynolds喜歡老

式渡船。故選D。

34.Ao推理判斷題。根據倒數第三段“ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity'sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushto

modernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.（悉尼的官方歷

史學家ShirleyFitzgerald告訴我，在20世紀70年代奔向現代化的過程中，悉尼把很多它的過去都拋在了一邊，

包括許多最漂亮的建筑）”可推知，ShirleyFitzgerald認為悉尼匆忙奔向現代化，正在失去它的傳統。故選A。

35.A推理判斷題根據倒數第二段的第一句…beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.可知，

作者認為一個城市新舊并存是非常有魅力的。根據下文中Anthony的觀點…afoundationbuiltonancient

cultureswithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.和最后一段Heisright...可知，Anthony認為澳大利亞

是一個建立在古老文化基礎上并同時充滿活力的年輕國家，作者認同其觀點。

名校模擬演練

（2023秋?安徽滁州?高三統考期末）AresearchteamledbyDelPozoCruzfromtheUniversityofSouthern

Denmark,recentlypublishedastudythatfoundwalking10,000stepsadayloweredtheriskfordementiaby50%.

However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceof112stepsaminutefor30minutes,itmaximizedriskreduction,

leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalkingdidn'thavetooccurallatonce一it

couldbespreadoutovertheday."Ourtakeisthatintensityofsteppingmatters-overandabovevolume,saidCruz.

Thenewstudyfollowed78,500peoplebetweentheagesof40and79fromEngland,ScotlandandWaleswhowore

wriststepcountersfor24hoursadayoverasevendaystretch.Aftercountingeachperson'stotalnumberofstepseach

day,researchersplacedthemintotwocategories:Fewerthan40stepsperminute,whichismorelikewhenyou5re

walkingfromroomtoroom-andmorethan40stepsperminute,orso-called4tpurposefuF,walking.Athirdcategory

wascreatedforpeakperformers-hosewhotookthemoststepsperminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.

Aboutsevenyearslater,researcherscomparedthatdatatomedicalrecordsandfoundpeoplewhotookthemost

stepsperminuteshowedthebiggestreductioninriskforcancer,heartdiseaseandearlydeathfromanycause.

Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak3O-minutestepsandriskreductiontobedependentonthedisease

studied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declineforcardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%

dropinriskforcancer.

Whafsthetakeaway?Youdon'thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.<6Spend30minutesbeingbreathlessat

whateverpaceyou'reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfiedatyourcurrentlevelsoyoucanget

betterandbetter/9saidDr.AndrewFreeman.

1.Whichaspectofwalkingdoesthestudyfocuson?

A.Itstime.B.Itspace.C.Itslength.D.Itspopularity.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesubjectsinthethirdcategory?

A.Theyaretheoldest.B.TheyarefromWales.

C.Theywalkthequickest.D.Theywalkwithoutstepcounters.

3.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusaboutthestudy?

A.Itsfindings.B.Itsprocedures.

C.Itsmedicalapplication.D.Itstheoreticalsignificance.

4.WhatdoesFreemansuggestwalkersdo?

A.Counttheirstepsasexactlyaspossible.B.Sparethemselves30minuteseveryday.

C.Aimalittlehigherthantheirpresentlevel.D.Setaspecificgoalforthemselveseachday.

【答案】LB2.C3.A4.C

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發現如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%。介紹了研究開展的過程以及結果。

1.細節理解題。根據第二段“However,ifwalkingoccurredatabriskpaceofll2stepsaminutefor30minutes,it

maximizedriskreduction,leadingtoa62%reductionindementiarisk.The30minutesoffast-pacedwalking

didn'thavetooccurallatonce—itcouldbespreadoutovertheday."Ourtakeisthatintensityofstepping

matters一overandabovevolume,"saidCruz.（然而，如果以每分鐘112步的快走速度行走30分鐘，則可最大限

度地降低風險，使癡呆風險降低62%。30分鐘的快節奏步行不必一次完成，可以分散到一天中。克魯茲說：“我

們認為，步伐的強度比音量更重要）”可知，這項研究關注的是步行速度。故選B。

2.細節理解題。根據第三段“Athirdcategorywascreatedforpeakperformers—hosewhotookthemoststeps

perminutewithin30minutesoverthecourseofaday.（第三類是為表現最好的人設計的在一天中30分鐘內

每分鐘走的步數最多的人）”可知，第三類人走路最快。故選C。

3.主旨大意題。根據第五段“Researchersfoundtheassociationbetweenpeak30-minutestepsandriskreduction

tobedependentonthediseasestudied:Therewasa62%reductionfordementia,an80%declinefor

cardiovasculardiseaseanddeath,andabouta20%dropinriskforcancer.（研究人員發現，30分鐘的步數峰值與

風險降低之間的關聯取決于所研究的疾病：癡呆風險降低62%,心血管疾病和死亡風險降低80%,癌癥風險降

低約20%）”可知，第5段主要告訴我們研究結果。故選A。

4.細節理解題。根據最后一段"What'sthetakeaway?Youdon'thavetofixateonthenumbersofsteps.66Spend30

minutesbeingbreathlessatwhateverpaceyou'reat,andthenkeepchallengingyourselftobeslightlyunsatisfied

atyourcurrentlevelsoyoucangetbetterandbetter,59saidDr.AndrewFreeman.（有什么好處？你不必拘泥于步

數。安德魯?弗里曼博士說:“花30分鐘讓自己以任何速度喘不過氣來，然后不斷挑戰自己，讓自己對目前的水平

略感不滿，這樣你就可以變得越來越好。可知，弗里曼建議步行者的目標比他們現在的水平高一點。故選C。

（2023秋?福建龍巖?高三校聯考期末）Ifsallrighttocry.Really.Althoughifsoftenseenasasignofweakness,

cryingcanbejustwhatthedoctororderedforsortingthroughchaotic（混舌L的）emotionsandcheeringup.

Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystemsfromchildhood,saidStephen

Sideroff,anassistantprofessor.Askids,we'reoftentaughttorestrain（抑制）ouremotions.Maybeyourememberbeing

teasedinelementaryschoolforcryingwhenyouwerehurt.Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangeror

resentment,thatweshouldn'thaveorexpress.Aschildrengrowintoadulthood,wegraduallylearntoregulateour

feelings.Sowhat,youmightsay?Whocares?Butwedon'tholdemotionsinonlyourheads,Sideroffsaid.Westore

theminourbodies,too.

Holdingbackyourfeelingscanhurt.t6Thesefeelingshaveenergy,“Sideroffexplained."You（then）havetorestrain

themindifferentways."Thatinterfereswithnaturalprocessesandcreatesimbalancessincethebody'sneedisstillthere.

Ifyou5resadorhurtorangry,youneedtofindsomethingtoresolvethatimbalance.Ifyoudon't,youmightexpress

thoseimbalancedfeelingsininappropriateways-likelashingoutat（猛烈抨擊）yourfamilyorfriends.Emotional

restraintcanlimitourabilitytoexperiencepositivefeelings,suchasjoyandlove,aswell.

Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfromstrongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.

Basaltearslubricate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustoronionoxidesannoyyoureyes.Humansarethe

onlyanimalswhocryintoadulthoodandhaveemotionaltears.

Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.Thatcouldbebecausecryingforcesustopayattentiontowhat

triggered（觸發）usandworkthroughouremotionsandthoughts.Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafs

importanttous,especiallyifwecryoversomethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly.

5.WhichofthefollowingisStephen'sidea?

A.Emotionsarecreatedbythechaos.

B.Emotionsarestoredonlyinourheads.

C.Emotionalrestraintoriginatesfromchildhood.

D.Emotionalrestraintdevelopspositivefeelings.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“resentment“inParagraph2referto?

A.Joy.B.Bitterness.C.Satisfaction.D.Disappointment.

7.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thecharacteristicsofcrying.B.Thefunctionsoftears.

C.Theclassificationoftears.D.Theresultsofcrying.

8.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeofcrying?

A.Ifsdoubtful.B.Ifsunexpected.

C.Ifsdiscouraging.D.Ifsbeneficial.

【答案】5.C6.B7.C8.D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述抑制情緒的表達有一定的危害，將情緒表達出來，如哭泣是有好處的。

5.細節理解題。根據第二段第一句"Ourgeneraldisapprovalofemotionalexpressionandcryingspecificallystems

fromchildhood,saidStephenSideroff,anassistantprofessor.（助理教授StephenSideroff說，我們普遍的反對情緒

化的表達和哭泣，這是從童年時期就開始的）”可知，StephenSideroff認為情緒抑制源于童年。故選C。

6.詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞所在句"Manyofuslearnedtherewerefeelings,suchasangerorresentment,thatwe

shouldn"haveorexpress.俄們中的許多人都知道，有些情緒，例如憤怒或怨恨，我們不應該擁有或表達）”中的

“anger”可推知，劃線詞所表達的意思應與“憤怒”為同類詞，表達一種不滿，因而選項B.Bitterness“憤恨”符合

題意。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據第四段前三句"Generally,thethreetypesoftearsincludeemotionaltears,whichresultfrom

strongfeelingssuchasjoyorsadness.Basaltearslubricate（潤滑）youreyes.Reflextearsreleasewhendustor

onionoxidesannoyyoureyes.（一般來說，這三種類型的眼淚包括情緒性的眼淚，這些眼淚是由強烈的情緒如喜

悅或悲傷引起的。基礎眼淚潤滑你的眼睛。當灰塵或洋蔥氧化物侵擾你的眼睛時，反射性眼淚會釋放出來）”可知，

這里將眼淚分成了三種類型，因此本段主要講了眼淚的分類。故選C。

8.推理判斷題。根據最后一段第一句"Peopleoftenreportfeelingbetteraftertheycry.（人們通常在哭泣后感覺更

好）”及最后一句"Cryingmightalsohelpinunderstandingwhafsimportanttous,especiallyifwecryover

somethingthatupsetsusunexpectedly"哭也可能有助于理解什么對我們來說是重要的，特別是當我們為一些意外

的事情而哭泣時）”可知，這都是哭泣帶來的好處，所以作者認為哭泣是有好處的。故選D。

（2023秋?內蒙古阿拉善盟?高三阿拉善盟第一中學校考期末）Humanshavelongbeentryingtomakesenseof

ourplaceintheuniverse.WaitingatalaunchsiteinFrenchGuiana?NASA'sJamesWebbSpaceTelescopeisthelatest

stepforwardinthatancientquest（探索）.

Usingtelescopes,astronomershaveseenmanygalaxies（星系）suchastheAndromedaGalaxyandtheNGC3227

Galaxy.Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zll,wasspottedbytheHubbleSpaceTelescope.Tothe

untrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（〃、,點點），butifsbasicallylikelookingbackintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.

That5sjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.

“Hubbleislimitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,“saysMarusa

Bradac,anastronomerattheUniversityofCalifornia."AstronomersonlyspotteditbecausedecadesofusingHubble

haveletthemcovermuchofthesky,andthisparticularearlygalaxyissurprisinglybrightalthoughitis25timessmaller

thantheMilkyWayGalaxyandhasjustonepercentofitsmass.^^

Already,withthatonegalaxy,we'vestartedtoquestionsomeofourassumptionsabouthowgalaxiesgrow.The

powerful,$10billionJamesWebbSpaceTelescopehastechnologythatshouldletitseebackto0.1?0.2billionyears

aftertheBigBang,theperiodwhentheveryfirstgalaxiespossiblyformed.

“Ifallgowell,theJamesWebbSpaceTelescopewillhelpustobuildupthestoryofhowthefirstgalaxiesever

formedandhowtheygrewintogalaxiesweseetodayandweliveintoday,"saysBradac."Butthechancesofseeing

thosefirstbomstarswiththenewtelescopearesmall.There'smaybeevenmoreofachancethatwemightseesomeof

thosestarsexplode.Suchinformationcanhelpusunderstandhowgalaxiesformedandchangedintothefamiliarshapes

andstructuresseentoday.That'swhafsamazingaboutthenewtelescope.

9.WhendidtheBigBangtakeplace?

A.Around13.0billionyearsago.

B.Around13.4billionyearsago.

C.Around13.6billionyearsago.

D.Around13.8billionyearsago.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“thisone“inparagraph3referto?

A.TheMilkyWayGalaxy.B.TheGN-zllGalaxy.

C.TheAndromedaGalaxy.D.TheNGC3227Galaxy.

11.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thegreatpotentialofthenewtelescope.

B.Theneedfornewscientificbreakthroughs.

C.ThecostoftheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope.

D.TheimportanceoftheHubbleSpaceTelescope.

12.WhatcanthenewtelescopemostlikelyhelpscientistsdoaccordingtoBradac?

A.Findthefirstbomstarintheuniverse.

B.WitnesstheoccurringoftheBigBang.

C.Seetheexplosionofsomeofthefirstbomstars.

D.Getacompleteunderstandingoftheuniverse.

【答案】9.D10.B11.A12.C

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了NASA正準備發射的韋伯天文望遠鏡。

9.細節理解題。根據第二段“Totheuntrainedeye,itlookslikearedblob（小點點）,butifsbasicallylikelooking

backintimeabout13.4billionyearsago.Thafsjustabout0.4billionyearsaftertheBigBang.（對于未經訓練的

人來說，它看起來像一個紅色的斑點，但基本上就像是在134億年前的時光中回顧。那是在大爆炸后大約4億

年）”可知，大爆炸發生的時間距現在大約4+134=138億年，即大爆炸大約發生在138億年前。故選D項。

10.詞句猜測題。根據第二段“Sofar,themostdistantgalaxyeverdiscovered,GN-zll,wasspottedbytheHubble

SpaceTelescope.（迄今為止，哈勃太空望遠鏡發現了有史以來最遙遠的星系GN-zll）”以及第三段“Hubbleis

limitedinhowfarbackintimeitcanlook,sofindingthisonewasjustaluckybreak,（哈勃望遠鏡的時間跨度有限,

所以找到thisone只是一次