新課標(biāo)高考英語閱讀分類復(fù)習(xí)：文化類

第1題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（湖南卷））C

Photosthatyoumiihthavefounddownthebackofvoursofaarenowbigbusiness!

In,theAmericanartistRichardPrince'sphotographofaphotograph,Untitled（Cowboy）,wassold

for$1,248,000.

Princeiscertainlynottheonlycontemporaryartisttohaveworkedwithso-called“found

photographs"—aloosetermgiventoeverythingfromdiscarded（丟棄的）printsdiscoveredinajunkshop

tooldadvertisementsoramateurphotographsfromastranger'sfamilyalbum.TheGermanartist

JoachimSchmid,whobelieves"/basicallyeverythingisworthlookingat",hasgathereddiscarded

photographs,postcardsandnewspaperimagessince1982.Inhison-goingproject,Archiv,hegroups

photographsoffamilylifeaccordingtothemes:peoplewithdogs;teams;newcars;dinnerwiththe

family;andsoon.

LikeSchmid,theeditorsofseveralself-publishedartmagazinesalsochampion（捍衛(wèi)）found

photographs.Oneofthem,calledsimplyFound,wasbornonesnowynightinChicago,whenDavy

Rothbardreturnedtohiscartofindunderhiswiper（雨刷）anangrynoteintendedforsomeelse:"Why's

yourcarHEREatHERplace?"ThenotebecamethestartingpointforRothbard'saddictivepublication,

whichfeaturesfoundphotographssentinbyreaders,suchaposterdiscoveredinourdrawer.

Thewholefound-photographphenomenonhasraisedsomequestions.Perhapsoneofthemost

difficultis:cantheseimagesreallybeconsideredasart?Andifso,whoseart?Yetfoundphotographs

producedbyartists,suchRichardPrince,mayridinghishorsehurriedlytomeetsomeone?Orhowdid

Princecreatethisphotograph?It'sanyone'sguess.Inaddition,asweimaginetheback-storytothe

peopleinthefoundphotographsartists,likeSchmid,havecollated（整理），wealsoturntowardourown

photographicalbums.Whyismemorysoimportanttous?Whydoweallseektofreezeintimethefaces

ofourchildren,ourparents,ourlovers,andourselves?Willtheymeananythingtoanyoneafterwe've

gone?

64.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageisusedto.

A.remindreadersoffoundphotographsB.advisereadertostartanewkindofbusiness

C.askreaderstofindphotographsbehindsofa

D.showreadersthevalueoffoundphotographs

65.Accordingtothepassage,JoachimSchmid.

A.isfondofcollectingfamilylifephotographsB.foundacomplainingnotunderhiscarwiper

C.isworkingforseveralself-publishedmagazines

D.wonderedattheartisticnatureoffoundphotographs

66.Theunderlinedword"them"inPara4refersto.

A.thereadersB.theeditorsC.thefoundphotographsD.theself-publishedmagazines

67.ByaskingaseriesofquestionsinPara5,theauthormainlyintendstoindicatethat.

A.memoryofthepastisveryimportanttopeople

B.foundphotographsallowpeopletothinkfreely

C.theback-storyoffoundphotographsispuzzling

D.therealvalueoffoundphotographsisquestionable

68.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsfoundphotographscanbedescribedas.

A.criticalB.doubtfulC.optimisticD.satisfied

答案64.D65.A66.D67.B68.C

64.解析:這是?道推斷題。根據(jù)第一段RichardPrince的一張照片拍出了很高的價(jià)錢。說明回收

的圖片還是非常值錢的。

65.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"hegroupsphotographsoffamilylifeaccordingto

themes:"可知JoachimSchmid搜集家庭照片。

66.解析:這是,道指代題。根據(jù)后面的"calledsimplyFou/id,wasbornonesnowynightin

Chicago,〃可知Fouad是?個(gè)雜志的名字,them指代的是自己發(fā)行的雜志。

67.解析:這是一道推斷題。從這幾個(gè)問題中可以發(fā)行搜集到的別人廢棄的照片帶來了很多疑問,

給人很多想象的空間。

68.解析:這是?道歸納題。從文中的第?句就可以看出搜集沙發(fā)后的舊照片是個(gè)大生意,說明作

者對(duì)搜集廢照片還是樂觀的。

第2題(年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語(江西卷))(C)

AsaprofessoratalargeAmericanuniversity,thereisaphrasethatIhearoftenfromstudents:'I'm

onlya1050.“TheunluckystudentsarespeakingofthescoreontheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT),which

isusedtodeterminewhethertheywillbeadmittedtothecollegeoruniversityoftheirchoice,oreven

haveachancetogetahighereducationatall.TheSATscore,whetheritis800,1100or1550,has

becomesthefocusatthistimeoftheirlife.

Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheirtestscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respect

isputinthenumber.Studentswhoperformpoorlyontheexamareleftfeelingthatitisallover.The

lowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthemtogetintoagoodcollege.Andwithouta

degreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoflife'sdoorswillremainforeverclosed.

Accordingtoastudydoneinthe1990s,theSATisonlyareliableindicatorofastudentsfuture

performanceinmostcases.Interestingly,itbecomesmuchmoreaccuratewhenitissettogetherwith

otherindicatorslikeastudent'shighschoolgrades.EvenifstandardizedtestsliketheSATcould

showastudentsacademicproficiency（學(xué)'業(yè)水平）,theywillneverbeabletotestthingslikeconfidence,

effortsandwillpower,andareunabletogiveusthefullpictureofastudent'spotentialities（潛力）.This

isnottosuggestthatweshouldstopusingSATscoresinourcollegeadmissionprocess.TheSATisan

excellenttestinmanyways,andthescoreisstillausefulmeansoftestingstudents.However,itshould

beonlyoneofmanymethodsused.

64.ThepurposeoftheSATistoteststudents'_.

A.strongwillB.academicability

C.fullpotentialitiesD.confidenceinschoolwork

65.Students'self-respectisinfluencedbytheir_.

A.scoresintheSATB.achievementsinmathematic

C.jobopportunitiesD.moneyspentoneducation

66.“Aprestigiousuniversity^ismostprobably_

A.afamousuniversityB.atechnicaluniversity

C.atraditionaluniversityD.anexpensiveuniversity

67.Thispassageismainlyabout_.

A.howtopreparefortheSATB.stresscausedbytheSAT

C.AmericanhighereducationD.theSATanditseffects

答案64.B65.A66.A67.D

64.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"whichisusedtodeterminewhethertheywillbe

admittedtothecollegeoruniversityoftheirchoice,oreveniftheyhaveachancetogetahigher

educationatall〃可判斷出SAT測(cè)試的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)能力。

65.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Itisobviousthatifstudentsvaluehighlytheir

testscores,thenagreatamountoftheirself-respectisputinthenumber.”可判斷出SAT的分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)學(xué)生

的自尊心造成了影響。

66.解析:這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"theyfearthatmanyoflifersdoorswillremain

foreverclosed”可推斷出aprestigiousuniversity是一所著名的大學(xué)，因?yàn)槿绻谥拇髮W(xué)畢業(yè)，就

會(huì)找到好的工作，否則將會(huì)使生活的大門永遠(yuǎn)關(guān)閉。

67.解析：這是一道主旨題。這篇短文講述了SAT的測(cè)試，而這種測(cè)試對(duì)學(xué)生的一生造成了極

大的影響，所以這篇短文主要是關(guān)于SAT和它的影響。

第3題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語（而慶卷））E

Throughoutthehistoryofthearts,thenatureofcreativityhasremainedconstanttoartists.No

matterwhatobjectstheyselect,artistsaretobringforthnewforcesandformsthatcausechange—to

findpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenorexperienceditbefore.

Landscape（風(fēng)景）isanotherunchangingelementofart.Itcanbefoundfromancienttimes

throughthe17th-centuryDutchpainterstothe19th-centuryromanticistsandimpressionists.Inthe

1970sAlfredLeslie,oneofthenewAmericanrealists,continuedthispractice,Lesliesoughtoutthesame

placewhereThomasCole,aromanticist,hadproducedpaintingsofthesamesceneacenturyandahalf

before.UnlikeColewhoinsistsonafeelingoflonelinessandtheideaoffindingpeaceinnature,Ledge

painswhatheactuallysees.Inhispaintings,thereisnoparticularchangeinmotion,andheincludes

ordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.Healsotakesadvantageofthelatestdevelopments

ofcolorphotography（攝影術(shù)）tohelpboththeeyeandthememorywhenheimproveshispaintingback

inhisworkroom.

Besides,allartbegstheage-oldquestion：Whatisreal?Eachgenerationofartistshasshown

theirunderstandingofrealityinoneformoranother.Theimpressionistssawrealityinbriefemotional

effects,therealistsineverydaysubjectsandinforestscenes,andtheCro-Magnoncavepeopleintheir

naturalisticdrawingsoftheanimalsintheancientforests.Tosumup.understandingrealityisa

necessarystruggleforArtistsofallperiods.

Overthousandsofyearsthefunctionoftheartshasremainedrelativelyconstant.Pastor

present,EasternorWestern,theartsareabasicpartofourimmediateexperience.Manyanddifferent

arethefacesofart,andtogethertheyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.

71.Theunderlinedword"poetry“mostprobablymeans.

A.anobjectforartisticcreationB.acollectionofpoems

C.anunusualqualityD.anaturalscene

72.Leslie'spaintingsareextraordinarybecause.

A.theyarecloseinstyletoworksinancienttimes

B.theylooklikeworksby19th-cenarypainters

C.theydrawattentiontocommonthingsinlife

D.theydependheavilyoncolorphotography

73.Whatistheauthor/sopinionofartisticreally?.

A.Itwillnotbefoundinfutureworksofart.B.Itdoesnothavealong-lastingstandard.

C.Itisexpressedinafixedartisticform.D.Itislackinginmodernworksofart.

74.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestabouttheartsinthelastparagraph?

A.Theyexpresspeople'scuriosityaboutthepast.

B.Theymakepeopleinterestedineverydayexperience.

C.Theyareconsideredimportantforvarietyinform.

D.Theyareregardedasamirrorofthehumansituation.

75.Whichofthefollowingisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Historyofthearts.B.Basicquestionsofthearts.

C.Newdevelopmentsinthearts.D.Useofmoderntechnologyinthearts.

答案71.C72.C73.B74.D75.B

71.解析:這是一道詞義猜測(cè)題。從第一段"tofindpoetrywherenoonehaseverseenor

experienceditbefore〃可知藝術(shù)家力圖創(chuàng)造一種從來沒人看到或者經(jīng)歷過的意境。既然是沒有人看到

過或者經(jīng)歷過，那么應(yīng)該是?種不平常的東西。

72.解析:這是一道推斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Inhispaintings,thereisnoparticularchangein

emotion,andheincludesordinarythingslikethehighwayinthebackground.〃可以推斷出Leslie的畫表

現(xiàn)的都是平時(shí)常見的事物。

73.解析:這是?道推斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Eachgenerationsofartistshasshowntheirunderstanding

ofrealityinoneformoranother.〃可以推斷出每?代藝術(shù)家對(duì)于現(xiàn)實(shí)的理解和表現(xiàn)都是不同的，也就

是沒有一個(gè)永恒的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

74.解析:這是一道歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段"Manyanddifferentarethefacesofart,andtogether

theyexpressthebasicneedandhopeofhumanbeings.”可知雖然藝術(shù)的表現(xiàn)形式不同，但者R是表達(dá)了

人民的需要和希望。也就是說藝術(shù)反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人的生存狀態(tài)。

75.解析:這是一道主旨題。本文通過對(duì)于不同時(shí)期藝術(shù)家的比較，作者分析了藝術(shù)的一個(gè)共同問

題廠'什么是真實(shí)〃，結(jié)論是雖然不同時(shí)期和地域藝術(shù)的表現(xiàn)形式不同，但都反映了當(dāng)時(shí)人的生存狀態(tài)。

第4題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語上海卷）

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA—Fforeach

paragraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonotneed.

A.Newteachers'opinionsofinvolving

parents

B.Anargumentoveranassignment

C.Aconflictbetweenassumptionand

reality

D.Difficultiesinsharinggoals

E.Thebestwaytoscorehigh

F.Properwaysofparentalinvolvement

80.

AnIowahighschoolcounselorgetsacallfromaparentprotestingthe"C"herchildreceivedon

anassignment."Theparentarguedeverypointintheessay,''recallsthecounselor,whosoonrealized

whythemotherwassodisappointedaboutmegrade.z/ltbecameapparentthatshe'dwrittenit.

81.

Inasurvey,90%ofnewteachersagreedthatinvolvingparentsintheirchildren'seducationisa

priorityattheirschool,butonly25%describedtheirexperienceworkingwithparentsas”very

satisfying/'Whenaskedtochoosemebiggestchallengetheyface,31%ofthemquotedinvolving

parentsandcommunicatingwiththemastheirtopchoice.73%ofnewteacherssaidtoomany

parentstreatschoolsandteachersasenemies.

82.

Atatimewhencompetitionisrisingandresourcesarelimited,whenbattlesovertestingforce

schoolstoadjusttheirpriorities,whencellphonesande-mailspeeduptheinformationflowandallkinds

ofprivateghostsandpublicquarrelsslipintotheparent-teacherconference,itsharderforbothsidesto

stepbackandbreathedeeplyandlookatthegoalstheyshare.

83

Everyonesaystheparent-teacherconferenceshouldbepleasant,civilized,akindofdialogue

whereparentsandteachersbuildpartnership.Butwhatmostteachersfeel,andcertainlywhatall

parentsfeel,isanxietyandpanic.

84.

Whenateacherasksparentstobepartners,heorshedoesn'tnecessarilymeanMomorDadshould

becampingintheclassroom.Researchshowsthatthoughstudentsbenefitmodestlyfromhaving

parentsinvolvedatschool,whathappensathomemattersmuchmore.Accordingtoresearchbasedon

theNationalEducationLongitudinalStudy,asampleofnearly25,000eighthgraders,amongfourmain

areasofparentalinvolvement（homediscussion,homesupervision,schoolcommunication,andschool

participation）,homediscussionwasthemoststronglyrelated

答案80.B81.A82.D83.C84.F

第5題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語湖北卷）

Haveyoueverreceivedagiftthatwassoclearlynotyourtastethatyouwonderedifperhapsit

hadbeenhandedtoyoubymistake?Worse,haveyouevergivenapresentandwatchedyourfriendlook

asthoughshehadopenedthewrongbox?Maybesherespondedwithapolite"Why,thankyou,"but

youknewyouhadmissedthemark.Whydopresentssometimesgowrong?Andwhatdoyourchoices

（goodandbad）reflectaboutyourpersonalqualities?

Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsforempathy——theabilitytoputyourselfinto

someoneelse'sheadandheart.We'reallabletodothis;infact,we'rebornwithakindofnatural

empathy.Aftertheearliestperiodofchildhood,however,itneedstobereinforced（力H強(qiáng)）——byour

parents,teachers,friends.Whenitisn't,we'renotabletounderstandotherpeople'sfeelingsassharply.

Thiscanshowinthegiftsweselect,andsocanmanyotheremotional（情感的）qualities.

Thinkbacktothepresentsyou'vegivenoverthepastyear,thetimeandeffortyouputintoyour

selection,howmuchyouspent,yourthoughtswhileyouwereshopping,andyourfeelingswhenthe

receiveropenedthepackage.Keepinmindthatwhatyouchoosedisplaysyourinnerworld.Ofcourse,

youmayexpressyourselfdifferentlywithdifferentfriends,relatives,andotherpeopleyouknow.

Weliveinasocietywhereexchangingpresentsisanimportantpartofcommunication.Ignoring

thetraditionwon'tmakeitgoaway.Ifyoureallydislikesuchatradition,tellyourfriendsaheadoftime.

60.Theunderlinedexpression"youhadmissedthemark"means"youhadfailedto

A.makeherfeelbetterB.keepyourfriendship

C.receiveapresentinreturnD.gettheexpectedeffect

61.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Naturalempathyneedstobereinforced.

B.Emotionalchangesinfluenceone'schoiceofgifts.

C.Selectingtherightgiftisanabilitypeoplearebornwith.

D.Choosinggiftsrequiresonetounderstandthereceivers.

62.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthortellsusthat..

A.attentionshouldbepaidtothereceivers'responses

B.onelearnsfromwhathedidinthepast

C.thechoiceofgiftsreflectsone'semotionalqualities

D.oneshouldspendmoretimechoosinggi代s

63.Thebestpossibletitleforthispassageis〃J

A.WaysofChoosingGiftsB.AnImportantTradition

C.ExchangingPresentsD.MessageinaGift

答案60.D61.D62.C63.D

60.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推測(cè)題。"youhadmissedthemark"著重點(diǎn)是分析"mark"表示的含義。

送別人禮物是希望別人高興，因此mark最可能的意思是別人高興的表情。這個(gè)高興的表情就是送

禮者所期望的效果，送錯(cuò)了禮物，就沒有這個(gè)期望的效果了，因此選D。

61.解析：這是一道歸納段意題。第二段開頭“Choosingtherightgiftisanart,Ibelieve.Itcallsfor

empathy”是本段的中心句，意思是，”給別人挑選禮物是一門藝術(shù)，它叫做感情移入。”后面還講到，

如果沒有這種能力，"we'renotabletounderstandotherpeople'sfeelings"即我們就不能了解別人的感

受。因此這段話的主要意思是"挑選禮物需要了解別人"。

62.解析：這是■道推斷題。從第三段Keepinmindthatwhatyouchoosedisplaysyourinnerworld.

可知，"緊記你挑選的禮物反映你的內(nèi)心世界"。作者的意思是，禮物能反映你情感的深淺。因此C

正確。

63.解析：這是一道主旨題。從本文來講，不管是接受、送出，還是挑選禮物，禮物本身都包

含了一定的信息，這個(gè)信息從送出者傳遞到接受者。只有了解禮物接受者的喜好，才能挑選出合適

的禮物。因此，主旨是禮物包含的信息。

第6題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語北京卷）

Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments-mostlyfor

entertainmentpurposes—isfairandrespectful?

Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”of

interesting“things“ratherthanprotectivehabitats（棲，息地）.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptableto

keepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.

Zoosclaim（聲和:）toeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies（物種），butvisitorsleavezoos

withouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals'naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.

Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies'name,diet,and

naturalrange（分布區(qū)）.Theanimals'normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon'tusuallytake

careoftheanimals'naturalneeds.

Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformental

andphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusualandself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwide

studyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Another

studyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbiting

cagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessand

pain.

Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding（圈養(yǎng)繁殖）of

endangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedntheirbeingsentbacktothe

wild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworry

aboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven'tweseen

enoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?

Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothe

reasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotect

animals/naturalhabitats.

64.Howwouldtheauthordescribetheanimals'lifeinzoos?

A.Dangerous.B.Unhappy.C.Natural.D.Easy.

65.Inthestateofzoochosis,animals.

A.remainincagesB.behavestrangely

C.attackotheranimalsD.enjoymovingaround

66.Whatdoestheauthortrytoarguenthepassage?

A.Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B.Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.

C.Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.

D.Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.

67.Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby.

A.pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoB.usingevidencehehascollectedatzoos

C.questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD.discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats

68.Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat.

A.zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesB.mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspecies

C.someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoos

D.it'sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats

答案64.B65.B66.A67.A68.C

解析：

64.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。第四段"Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheir

timemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebar,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtime

walkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain."說明在動(dòng)物園的動(dòng)物不幸福。

65.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)上文中的unusual和self—destructive可推斷出動(dòng)物在動(dòng)物園飼

養(yǎng)的情況下行為不正常。

66.這是?道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)最后一句話"Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroups

thatworktoprotectanimals'naturalhabitats."可判斷出作者不贊成公眾支持動(dòng)物園。

67.這是一道主旨題。作者在這篇短文中主要指出了動(dòng)物園的各種弊端，來說服讀者接受他的觀

點(diǎn)。

68.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可判斷出作者雖然反對(duì)動(dòng)物園，但他仍然同意動(dòng)物園不得不把動(dòng)物保

持在很小的空間內(nèi)。

第7題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語北京卷）

LanguageasaSystemofSymbols

Ofallsystemsofsymbols（符號(hào)），languageisthemosthighlydeveloped.Ithasbeenpointedout

thathumanbeings,byagreement,canmakeanythingstandforanything.Humanbeingshaveagreed,in

thecourseofcenturiesofmutual（相互的）dependency,toletthevariousnoisesthattheycanproduce

withtheirlungs,throats,tongues,teeth,andlipssystematicallystandforcertainhappeningsintheir

nervoussystems.Wecallthatsystemofagreementslanguage.

Thereisnonecessaryconnectionbetweenthesymbolandthatwhichitstandsfor.Justassocial

positionscanbesymbolizedbyfeatherswornonthehead,bygoldonthewatchchain,orbyathousand

otherthingsaccordingtotheculturewelivein,sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbya

thousanddifferentnoisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein.

Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousasthey

seemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.Symbolsandthethingstheystand

forareindependentofeachother,yetweallhaveawayoffeelingasif,andsometimesactingasif,there

werenecessaryconnections.Forexample,therearepeoplewhofeelthatforeignlanguagesare

unreasonablebynature;foreignershavesuchfunnynamesforthings,andwhycan'ttheycallthingsby

theirrightnames?ThisfeelingexhibitsitselfmoststronglyinthoseEnglishandAmericantouristswho

seemtobelievethattheycanmakethenativesofanycountryunderstandEnglishiftheyshoutloud

enough.Likethelittleboywhoisreportedtohavesaid:"Pigsarecalledpigsbecausetheyaresuchdirty

animals/'theyfeelthatthesymbolisinherently（內(nèi)在地）connectedinsomewaywiththethings

symbolized.

69.Languageisahighlydevelopedsystemofsymbolsbecausehumanbeings.

A.havemadeuseoflanguageforcenturiesB.useournervoussystemstosupportlanguage

C.havemadevariousnoisesstandforanyevents

D.canmakeanythingstandforanythingbyagreement

70.WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2?

A.Differentnoisesmaymeandifferentthings.

B.Ourculturedetermineswhatasymbolstandsfor.

C.Thelanguageweusesymbolizesoursocialpositions.

D.Oursocialpositionsdeterminethewaywearedressed.

71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains"probablymeans"J

A.tryveryhardB.takeourtimeC.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful

72.Theexampleofthelittleboyisusedtoshowthat.

A.adultsoftenlearnfromtheiryoungB."pig"isadirtywordbecausepigsaredirty

C.wordsarenotconnectedwiththethingstheystandfor

D.peoplesometimeshavewrongideasabouthowlanguageworks

答案69.D70.B71.A72.D

解析：

69.這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Ithasbeenpointedoutthathumanbeings,byagreement,

canmakeanythingstandforanything.〃可推斷出人們發(fā)出的各種噪音代表著任何一種活動(dòng)。

70.這是一道主旨題。第二段"sothefactofbeinghungrycanbesymbolizedbyathousanddifferent

noisesaccordingtotheculturewelivein"可知，我們的文化決定了某一種系統(tǒng)代表著什么。

71.這是一道猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上文中"theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexcept”可猜

測(cè)出takespecialpains的意思是"努力嘗試

72.這是一道主旨題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者舉小孩的例子說明人們有時(shí)對(duì)語言的作用

產(chǎn)生誤解。

第8題（年普通高等學(xué)校夏季招生考試英語天津卷）

Everyone'satit,evenmyneighbors.IthoughtImightbetheonlypersonleftintheworldwho

hadn'tdoneaneBaydeal,So,Idecidedtotrymyhandatonlineauction。網(wǎng)上拍賣）.

Buyingforbeginners:Signuponwww.ebay,co.uk.Mostitems（e.g.tables,computers,and

books）readyforauctionwillcomewithapictureandashortdescription;othersmaybemarkedwith

"BuyItNow"andhaveafixedprice.Youcanbuytheserightaway.

Iftheitemisbeingauctioned,youofferthehighestpriceyouarepreparedtopayandeBaybids

（Hi價(jià)）foryou.Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoesbeyondyourhighestbid,thenyouare

emailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain.Auctionslastupto10daysandwhentheyfinishyouget

anemailtellingyouwhetheryouhavewontheitem.

Howtopay:Sellersdecidehowtheywouldliketobepaidandyouneedtocheckthisbefore

placingabidasyoumightnotwanttopostachequeorpostalorders.TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,

anonlinepaymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard（信用卡）.

Sellingmadesimple:IfyouplantoselloneBay,ithelpstoincludeapictureoftheitem.I

followedmyfriends'adviceandputuptheitemsIwantedtosellfora10-dayauction,starringona

Thursday.Thiswaybuyershadtwoweekendstobid.

Thebigthingsinlife:It'seasytopostasmallitem,butfurnitureisabigpartofeBayandthishas

tobecollectedorsentbydeliverymen.Cheekthewaysofdeliverybeforeyoubid.

36.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Howtomakepaymentonline.B.Waysofmakingdeliveryonline

C.Advantagesofanonline-auctionsystem.D.Howtouseanonline-auctionsystem.

37.Afterbiddingforanitem,abuyer.

A.willgetwhathewantsintendaysB.shouldmakepaymentimmediately

C.haschancestomakehigherbidsD.maycheckitspictureanddescription

38.Theeasiestwayofmakingpaymentmentionedinthepassageis.

A.throughanonlinepaymentsystemB.throughalocalbankingsystem

C.bysendingthemoneytothesellerD.bypayingthedeliverymandirectly

答案36.D37.C38.A

36.解析?：這是一道主旨題。這篇短文主要講述了如何進(jìn)行網(wǎng)上拍賣。

37.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoes

beyondyourhighestbid,thenyouareemailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain,”可判斷出當(dāng)出

價(jià)后，買者有機(jī)會(huì)再出高價(jià)。

38.解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。從Howtopay中的“TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,anonline

paymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard."可知，在