考研英語（一）閱讀新題型

全真試題(2005-2014)

TypeOneBlank-HIIing(完形填句)

2005

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Canada'spremiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),iftheyhaveanybreath

leftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,mightsparea

momenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.

They9reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growingcomponent

ofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

41.

Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeonhealth

care—tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts-recommendedthecreationofa

nationaldrugagency.Insteadofeachprovincehavingitsownlistofapproveddrugs,

bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwouldpoolresources,work

withOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.

42.

But“national“doesn'thavetomeanthat."National“couldmeaninterprovincial一

provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.

Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetter

prices,ifpossible,withdrugmanufacturers.Insteadofhavingoneprovince—ora

seriesofhospitalswithinaprovince-negotiateapriceforagivendrugonthe

provinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,the

nationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfof31millionpeople.Basiceconomics

suggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetterprice.

43.

Asmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththecreation

oftheCanadianCoordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,fundedby

Ottawaandtheprovinces.Underit,aCommonDrugReviewrecommendstoprovincial

listswhichnewdrugsshouldbeincluded.Predictably,andregrettably,Quebecrefused

tojoin.

Afewpremiersaresuspiciousofanyfederal-provincialdeal-making.They

(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillionswith

few,ifany,stringsattached.That'sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallisthasn'tgone

anywherewhiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.

44.

PremierslovetoquoteMr.Romanow9sreportselectively,especiallytheparts

aboutmorefederalmoney.Perhapstheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:"A

nationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceonpharmaceutical

companiesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”

45.

SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaintlist,

theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwouldhelptheir

budgetsandpatients.

fA]Quebec'sresistancetoanationalagencyisprovincialistideology.Oneofthe

firstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.

Quebec'sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannual

increasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!

[B]OrtheycouldreadMr.Kirby'sreport:"thesubstantialbuyingpowerofsuch

anagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsuranceplansto

negotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrugcompanies.

[C]Whatdoes"national"mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirby

recommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreated

NationalHealthCouncil.

[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwill

continuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.

[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescriptiondrug

costshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-carespending.

Partoftheincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplaceotherkindsof

treatments.Partofitarisesfromnewdrugscostingmorethanolderkinds.

Partofitishigherprices.

[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovethey

canrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldend

duplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeing

playedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.

[G]Ofcoursethepharmaceuticalcompanieswillscream.Theylikedividedbuyers;

theycanlobbybetterthatway.Theycanusethethreatofremovingjobsfrom

oneprovincetoanother.Theycanhopethat,ifoneprovinceincludesadrug

onitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeitontheirs.Theywouldn't

likeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldleadthemtodealwithit.

2006

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioRiversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavidWilliams,

52,andofariverboatcasinowheregamblinggamesareplayed.Duringseveralyearsof

gamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning$35,000ayear,lost

approximately$175,000.Hehadnevergambledbeforethecasinosenthimacoupon

for$20worthofgambling.

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$20andleft.Onhissecondvisithelost$800.The

casinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,aFunCard,whichwhenusedinthecasino

earnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser'sgambling

activities.ForWilliams,theseactivitiesbecomewhathecallselectronicmorphine.

(41).In1997helost$21,000tooneslotmachineintwodays.InMarch

1997helost$72,186.Hesometimesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,allnight,until

theboatlockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopenedat9a.m.Now

heissuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhispatronagebecauseit

knewhewasaddicted.Itdidknowhehadaproblem.

InMarch1998,afriendofWilliams'sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoa

treatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams'sgambling

problems.ThecasinoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbannedgamblers,

andwrotetohima"ceaseadmissions"letter.Notingthemedical/psychologicalnature

ofproblemgamblingbehaviors,thelettersaidthatbeforebeingreadmittedtothe

casinohewouldhavetopresentmedical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthat

patronizingthecasinowouldposenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.

(42).

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas20signswarning:"Enjoythe

fun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit."Everyentranceticketlistsatoll-free

numberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.Nevertheless,

Williams'ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas"helplesslyaddictedto

gambling,intentionallyworkedto"lure"himto“engageinconductagainsthis

Well.

(43).

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders

(DSM-IV)says"pathologicalgambling^^involvespersistent,recurringand

uncontrollablepursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.

(44).Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyis

reclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsas

personalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.

(45).

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesareto

varyingdegreesdependenton—youmightsayaddictedto—revenuesfromwagering.

AndsincethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competitionfbr

gamblers'dollarshasbecomeintense.TheOct.28issueofNewsweekreportedthat2

milliongamblerspatronize1,800virtualcasinoseveryweek.With$3.5billionbeing

lostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyastheWeb'smost

profitablebusiness.

[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino'smarketingdepartment

continuedtopepperhimwithmailings.Andheenteredthecasinoandused

hisFunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

fB]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,givenhiscompulsivebehavior.Andin

whatsensewashiswilloperative?

[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbackto

even,hewouldquit.Onenighthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalong

timeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,orasocialdisease.Nowitisasocial

policy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmerica

isgovernment.

[E]DavidWilliams'ssuitshouldtroublethisgamblingnation.Butdon'tbetonit.

[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioral

problems,oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerations

explainedasweaknessofwill.

[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecially

conductivetocompulsivebehavior.Butevenifthegovernmentknewhowto

moveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

2008

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmostanythingelse

insteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustop

avoidingtheinevitableandsit,andstandup,orliedowntowrite.(41).

Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,

butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounow,

workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,andspellingcanwaituntil

yourevise.Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhen

youareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors.

(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,ifyouhaveto

clipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside.

Ityouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacityto

makeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafew

simplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingand

certaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44).Theseprintoutsalso

easiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.

Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedto

yourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaper

convincing.Thestudentswhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind“wiselydroppeda

paragraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestoward

women.(45)

Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat.Youshouldgothroughthepaper

manytimes“andthenagain"workingtosubstantiateanclarifyyourideas.Youmay

evenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite.Thesentenceswithin

eachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectone

paragraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts.Awkwardorwordy

phrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandprodded

intoshape.

A)Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlines

sothatyoucaneasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.Writeononly

onesideofthepaper.

B)Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequately,developedthebodyofyourpaper,

payparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs.It's

probablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhat

youareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattention

becausetheyleavethereaderwithafinalimpression.

C)It'sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffa

printermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwriting

thathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksand

printtheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterial

becauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems.

D)Itmakenodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhave

developedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesan

begintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.

E)Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,

whichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy'sdecisiontoquithisjob.

Insteadofincludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedcrabbed

responsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P"policy"he

enforces.

F)Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin"A&P”,the

studentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohis

refusaltoacceptstorepolicies.

G)Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,

youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.

Plentyofgoodwritersdon'tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverordering

principlesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraft

thefirsttimearound.

2009

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedby

BritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,BritishsocialphilosopherHerbert

Spencerputforwardhisowntheoryofbiologicalandculturalevolution.Spencer

arguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,

advancingtowardperfection.41..

AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryof

culturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthefounders

ofmodernanthropology.Inhiswork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculture

changedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42..

Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologistFranz

Boasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.Historical

particularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,gavenewdirectionto

anthropology.43..

Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofa

uniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionary

stageortypeofculture.44..

Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofculturein

Americananthropology,largelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Buta

numberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheoryof

cultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantcultural

achievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingto

diffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45..

Alsointheearly1900s,Frenchsociologist?mileDurkheimdevelopedatheoryof

culturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligious

beliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetween

thefunctionofsocietyandculture-knownasfunctionalism—becameamajortheme

inEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropology.

[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,

hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownas

diffusionism.

Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecame

skilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,thestudyof

humanbiologyandanatomy.

[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthe

"survivalofthefittest,inwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallybe

replacedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.

[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople's

socialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren'sentrance

intoadulthood.

[E]Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,

formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsofgovernment,

technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedassocietiesevolved.

[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatwork

togethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.

[G]Forexample,BritishanthropologistsGraftonElliotSmithandW.J.Perry

incorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,pottery

making,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffusedthroughoutthe

world.Infact,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurredseparatelyatdifferenttimes

inmanypartsoftheworld.

2012

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereare

twoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWER

SHEET1.(10points)

Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowand

realisethatyouareflying,higherthanabird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthana

brown-paperenvelope,oryourcellphoneinthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentor

twotowonderatthosemarvels.Youaretheluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.

Thesecondhalfofthe20thcentuiysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,

entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunctionas

atypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,pianoand

radio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)

Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatserves

asthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andplaceofpraise

andcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury*sculturemachine.

Butfbrallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwith

caution.(42)1callitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealisethat

therearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumption

mode.Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenot

evenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyaredoing.

Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafewupload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmake

nests.Yetfbrthemostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.

Humansareuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundanduse

themtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture-and

superfluousexperiences-music,literature,religionandphilosophy.(43)

Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckin

downloadmode.Evenaftertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidof

productionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylarger

groupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentageremaining

contenttojustconsume.(44)

Televisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthat

televisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.

(45)

Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconcept

of"stickiness”-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.

[A]Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumanculture

andultimatelywhatitistobehuman.Downloadingandconsumingculturerequires

greatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefining

constituentofhumanity.

[BlApplicationslike,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,words

andothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoadd

stickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.

[C]Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillenniumthey

hadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsofpeople

everyday.

[D]Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetween

downloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-whose

outcomewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybegintoimagine.

[E]Thechallengethecomputermountstotelevisionthusbearslittlesimilarityto

oneformatbeingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordplayersbeingreplacedby

CDplayers.

[F]Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepast

half-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium-

television-andtelevisionisdefinedbydownloading.

fG]Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,

toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningful

uploading.

2013

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA一Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.

Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Markyouranswers

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillion

professionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideand

outsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberof

social-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.

Yetthisenormousresourceisnotcontributingenoughtotoday'sglobal

challengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentand

health.(41).Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicate

hunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,the

problemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

(42).Thisisashame——thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunity

toraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJoseph

Schumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.

Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsand

internalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesreveal

thatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywordsuenvironmentalchangevor“climate

changevhaveincreasedrapidlysince2004.(43).

Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:

BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forexample.And

whetherthecommunity?sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationof

knowledgeisdoubtful.

Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding.(44).This

isanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswho

complainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconomicclimate.

Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfunding

programshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,it

wasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin

2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocial

scientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecomplete

opposite.(45).Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelpto

developprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.

[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethat

isdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatis

problem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.

[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000

social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthesekeywords.

[C]Theideaistoforcesocialscientiststointegratetheirworkwithother

categories,includinghealthanddemographicchange;foodsecurity;marineresearch

andthebio-economy;clean,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecure

societies.

[D]Thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatit

considerstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceive

muchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.

[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehaviour:allrequirebehavioural

changeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemming

climatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsand

promotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.

[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuch

problems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecific

fundingcateg