新外研版Book3UsinglanguageUnit3TheworldofscienceLearningobjectivesInthisclass,youwill●

gettoknowthepresentperfectpassivevoiceandanalysethestructuresofsentences;●learntheusageofthepresentperfectpassiveanddosomeexercises.

Discuss:Whataspectsofchangeinourlifedoestheinventionbringtous?BeforeAfterTransportReadingPaymentEntertainment...aIguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b

Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Lookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)?Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)?Someone

has

asked“you"

about

the

title

of

yourbook

before.People

have

used

3D

printers

to

makereplacement

hearts

and

bone

parts.What’sthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?a

Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.cIguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.bNewinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.dPeoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.In

the

first

group,

the

words

inboldshow

the

useof

thepassive

formwith

the

subjects,while

in

thesecond

group,

the

words

inbold

show

the

useof

theactive

form

with

the

subjects.Whydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassage?The

author

chooses

to

use

the

passive

forminstead

of

the

active

form

to

emphasis

what

hasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.

.

定義：表示動作已經完成，強調對現在造成的影響和結果。常與一些副詞連用，如already,ever,never,recently，lastly,just,yet等，通常把副詞放在助動詞have或has的后面，有時候也可以放在句末。表示一直持續到現在的動作或狀態。經常與foratime,since,howlong,sofar等表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。Thepresentperfectpassivevoice例2：HavetheybeensentabroadtostudyEng-lish?

他們已經被派往國外學英語了嗎?

例3：Whohasbeeninvented?

誰受到了邀請？

陳述句主語+has/havebeen（not）+P.P.+...例1：Hermotorbikehasbeenstolen.

一般疑問句Has/have+主語+been+P.P.+...?特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+have/has+been+P.P.+...?構成①由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,marry,open等詞構成的現在完成時的被動語態,不能與表示段時間的狀語，如forfourdays,howlong等連用，而要改換動詞或者是時態。

注意事項判斷正誤:*Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?()

*Howlongagowasthisbookbought?

()XV②短語動詞不能分割，而且不能省略短語動詞中的介詞或副詞。

注意事項判斷正誤:*Thepatienthasbeentakengood

care.

()*Thepatienthasbeentakengood

careof.()XV③并不是所有的動詞都有被動語態。如happen,occur,

takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動詞或詞組，就沒有被動語態。

注意事項判斷正誤:*Someofthebestconversationshaveeverhappenedaroundthedinnertable.()*Someofthebestconversationshappenedaroundthedinnertable.()VX④雙賓語動詞變被動語態可將其中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個保留不動。

注意事項主動:Ihavegivenhimthekey.被動:He

hasbeengiven

thekey.被動:Thekey

hasbeengiven

(to)him.⑤帶復合賓語的動詞變被動語態時,只能將賓語變為主語,原來的賓補保留不動,改成主語補足語。

注意事項

主動:Ihaveaskedhertohelpyou.被動:She

hasbeenasked

tohelpyou.主動語態中作賓語補足語的不帶to的不定式變為被動時，要加上to。例：Theengineermadetherobotcleanthewindowsofthetallbuilding.

Therobotwasmadetocleanthewindowsofthetallbuilding.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththesestructuresinthereadingpassage.ThenewageofinventionP26-27.docRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting-inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!

Many

things

in

our

lives

have

already

been

affected.

3D-printed

hamburgers

have

been

served

to

customers

in

some

restaurants

in

London.

But

perhaps

the

most

significant

success

that

has

been

achieved

to

date

is

inmedicine.

Human

body

parts,

including

a

beating

heart,

have

been

made

with

3D

printingtechnology.

A

new

3D-printed

shell

has

been

given

to

a

turtleinjured

in

a

forest

fire!Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassive

whereappropriate.The

lock

on

the

door

has

been

broken.

The

window

has

been

broken.

My

two

laptops

have

been

stolen.

Beakers

and

test

tubes

have

been

destroyed.

The

book

case

has

been

opened,

and

some

files

havebeen

taken

away

while

others

have

been

throwneverywhere.

The

robot

has

been

damaged.一、用動詞正確形式填空。has

developedhave

been

told

foundhave

been

used

have

beenbeenputhelphave

evenbeenput

Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Over

timemymemory______________(develop)somuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingI__________________(told).3.Since

the

1970smanynewapplications_______________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso___________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas______(help)withmedicaloperations.5