/本課程的名稱為“大學英語自學教程（上冊）”，它是高等教育自學考試各專業（英語專業除外）專科階段的公共實踐課，檢測好壞的標準是會不會靈活運用這門語言。考試大綱規定，大學英語的教學目標是“使學習者能比較熟練地掌握英語基礎知識和語言技能，做到具有較好的閱讀能力、一定的英譯漢能力和初步的聽、說、讀、寫與漢譯英能力，為獲得專業所需要的信息與進一步提高英語水平打下較扎實的基礎”。本課程包括較系統的英語語法知識、英語單詞約3000個和詞組約500個，閱讀量為30000余詞。本課程的重點是英語的基本詞匯和語法，課程的主要目的是培養閱讀能力。本課程的主要考試內容是從詞匯、語法、閱讀和翻譯著手的。從2000年開始考試題型已改為如下七種：A.客觀題部分：1.單項選擇10%；2.完型填空10%；3.閱讀理解30%；B.主觀題部分：4.單詞拼寫10%；5.詞形轉換10%；6.漢譯英15%；7.英譯漢15%為了幫助大家在英語學習、考試方面能達到事半功倍的效果，以與從我這幾年教受英語課程的經驗來看，想給大家提幾點建議，：第一，要勤讀、多讀。我們這里所說的“讀”包括朗讀和閱讀，正確的發音，流利的朗讀，對于熟練掌握單詞、句子和課文，提高閱讀速度都有根本意義；第二，記牢單詞。我知道這歷來是考生們最頭疼的事情，但是我認為只要大家有好的適合自己的方法，那么對于大綱要求的這3000詞匯來說應該只是apieceofcake(小事一莊)。發音要正確，背單詞要有計劃，讀寫結合，注意常用詞的詞類和變化規則，記單詞要和學習課文結合起來，不能死記硬背，最后一環是和遺忘作斗爭的最有效手段復習。英語中有一句諺語：Romewasn’tbuiltinoneday!譯成中文是：冰凍三尺非一日之寒。記憶單詞尤應記住它；第三點，學好語法。學語法的主要目的是為了用。對于英語教學我最擅長的就是講解語法，一般我會將語法現象融入所學課文中，讓大家感覺不是那么晦澀難懂。只有在錯綜復雜的語言現象中學和用，才能真正掌握語法。英語學習不是一句兩句就說的完的，今后我會在教學中逐步讓大家感受到學英語的樂趣，它不僅僅是我們通向事業成功的一座橋梁，也將豐富大家的日常生活。但學習畢竟是件苦事，需要毅力，最后我將四個英文字母以與一句諺語送給我們每一位自學者：IIppInterest,Intention,patienceandpersistence.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway!(有志者事竟成！)Goodluck!下面我們開始上課。我想在第一課開始之前對大家提幾點要求：1.每人都必須有課本，即高遠主編的《大學英語自學教程》（上）；2.每講后必須要復習、做作業；3.最好能提前看看下講的課文；4.每5個單元有測驗，請大家務必認真完成;5有問題隨時問，學習上不要害羞。本教程共計25個單元。每單元分A，B兩篇文章，一般A位重點文章，精講；B為培養閱讀能力的文章，略講。Unitone:TextA:HowtoBeaSuccessfulLanguageLearner?Ⅰ.NewWords:1.successful:a成功的；succeedv:succeedindoingsomething做某事成功;successn;successfullyad(*)a.Shewishedhimsuccess_inhisnewjob.b.Wereyousuccessfulinfindinganewhouse?c.Ifinishedmytrainingsuccessfully.d.Hesucceedsinfindingagoodjob.2.disagree:vdisagreewithsomebody(與某人有分歧，意見不一致),ndisagreement,adisagreeable;反義詞：agree,agreement,agreeablee.g.Ialwaysdisagreewithhim.3.guarantee:n/v保證、擔保、保修e.g.1>.Thewatchhasatwo-yearguarantee.(n保修)2>.TheTVsetisguaranteedforoneyear.(v保修)4.intelligent:a聰明的、明智的，nintelligence聰明、智慧5.conversely:ad相反地，conversea相反的6.similar:a相似的、類似的，短語besimilartosth/sbinsth(*)e.g.Sheissimilarintemper(性情、脾氣)tohermother.7.independent:a獨立的、自主的，independencen獨立、自主、自立，（*）字根：depend(v):依靠、依賴，dependon/upondependence:n信賴、信任、依靠；dependent:a依靠的、需要支持的a.Whenyoubegintomakemoneyyoucanlivealifeofindependence.b.Childrendependontheirparentsforfood.c.Idon’twanttobedependentonmyparents,becauseIamanadult.8.clue:n線索、提示，常用短語：cluetosomething9.adult:n成年人；a成年的、成熟的a.Shecandoitherself,forsheisanadultnow.b.Hisbehaviorisn’tadult.10.conclusion:n結論、推論；vconclude.decidev決定，decisionn決定、決心11.communicate:v交流、通訊、傳播，習語：①communicatesthtosb:傳播某事給某人；②communicatewithsb:同某人交流名詞：communication:acommunicationsatellite通訊衛星；acommunicationnetwork通訊網，telecommunication:電訊、電信，Chinatelecommunication中國電信12.inexact:a不正確的，反義詞：exactincomplete:a不完整的，反義詞：complete13.purpose:n目的、意圖，purposeful:a有目的的，蓄意的，purposefully:ad有目的地、蓄意地(*)a.Hewasaclevermanwhoseeverywordwaspurposeful.b.Weshouldusethelanguagepurposefully.c.Shediditonpurpose.14.regularly:ad經常地、定期地，regular:a定期的15.technique:n技術、技巧，16.outline:v概括；n輪廓、大綱a.Youshouldoutlinethestorybeforeyouwriteit.b.Youcanseetheoutlineofherfaceinthelightofthecandle.Ⅱ.Intensivereading:1.Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguagewoulddisagreewiththisstatement.大多數學習第二語言的成年人會不同意這種說法的。①本句主語為：Mostadultswhoarelearningasecondlanguage;謂語為：woulddisagreewith；賓語為：thisstatement②主語中包含有一個語法點，定語從句。這是英語中一個非常重要的語法點.顧名思義，定語從句應該在整個句中做定語，請對比如下兩句:Heboughtaninterestingbook.(定語)/Heboughtabookwhichisinteresting.（定語從句）。具體介紹該語法點：修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語從句必須放在先行詞后面，它需由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。通常引導定語從句的關系代詞有：who,whom,(一般指人),which(一般指物)，whose,that(人、物均可).關系副詞有：when(時間),where(地點),why(原因)。不管是關系代詞還是副詞引導定語從句時，要在定語從句中充當句子成分。上句中的whoarelearningasecondlanguage修飾先行詞mostadults,who是關系代詞，在從句中作主語。下面我們一起來看另幾個例句：仔細聽我的分析！a.Themanwho/thatwillgiveusatalkhascome.b.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelprizewinner.c.She’sthegirlwho/whom/thatImetattheparty.d.Iliveintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.e.Didyoufindthebikethat/whichyoulost?③would此時為助動詞，表示“可能，將會”。④需掌握的短語：disagreewithsbabout/onsthe.g.Hedisagreeswithhiswifeabouttheeducationoftheirson.2.Theyneedhundredsofhoursofstudyandpractice…hundredsof:幾百，當hundred,thousand,million用作不確定數目時，需用復數形式，并加介詞of;當它們用作確定的數目時，不用復數形式。e.g.fivehundredpeople;hundredsofpeople3.Languagelearningisdifferentfromotherkindsoflearning.譯：語言學習不同于其他種類的學習。短語：bedifferentfrom:與…不同4.Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfieldsfinditdifficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning.(*)譯：有些人很聰明，在他們自己的專業領域很有成就，但發現很難成功地學習語言。①本句主語Somepeoplewhoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，謂語find，賓語difficulttosucceedinlanguagelearning，it語法上稱作形式賓語:當賓語較長時，常將它移后在空出的位置上用it代替。②包含定語從句whoareveryintelligentandsuccessfulintheirfields，修飾先行詞somepeople,who在定語從句中作主語。③需掌握的習語：beintelligentandsuccessfulinone’sfield;succeedinsth/doingsth5.Conversely,somepeoplewhoareverysuccessfullanguagelearnersfinditdifficulttosucceedinotherfields.(相反地…)這句話意思和結構與上句相似，口頭分析。6.Languagelearningresearchshowsthatsuccessfullanguagelearnersaresimilarinmanyways.(*)譯：語言學習研究顯示成功的語言學習者在許多方面都是相似的。①本句主語Languagelearningresearch；謂語：shows；賓語：that引導一個賓語從句。在賓語從句中successfullanguagelearners是主語；are是系動詞；similarinmanyways是表語②重要短語besimilar(tosb/sth)insth在…方面與某人/某事相似7.Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.(*)譯：不是等這老師解釋，而是自己努力去發現各種句型和規則。①Insteadofwaitingfortheteacherstoexplain,介詞短語作狀語，主語：they；謂語：trytofind；賓語：thepatternsandtherulesforthemselves②介詞of后的動詞要用動名詞waiting③短語：insteadofsth;waitforsbtodosth;trytodosth;8.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.(*)譯：他們尋找說這種語言的人，當他們說錯時就請這些人幫助指正。①這是一個由and連接的并列句，其中有一個定語從句whospeakthelanguage，修飾先行詞people;有一個時間狀語從句whentheymakeamistake②correct:v指正、糾正，短語：makeamistake犯錯誤9.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings.譯：他們不害怕重復他們聽到的或說一些奇怪的東西。①whattheyhear是repeat的賓語從句②afraid的用法：beafraidofsth;beafraidtodosth;beafraidthat從句a.Sheisafraidtogooutaloneatnight.b.Iamafraidofsnake.c.He’safraidthathe’llbelateforclass.10.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.譯：當交流困難時，他們會接受不準確或不完整的信息。本句中包含一個時間狀語從句Whencommunicationisdifficult，一個定語從句thatisinexactorincomplete，修飾先行詞information，在從句中that作主語。11.It’smoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.(*)譯：對他們來說，學會用所學的語言來思考比學會每個單詞的意思更重要。①it作形式主語，真正主語是動詞不定式tolearntothinkinthelanguage.原句語序應是：Forthemtolearntothinkinthelanguageismoreimportantthantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.用形式主語的目的是因為不定式作主語太長，為避免句子頭重腳輕，用it代替真正的主語。e.g.FormanypeopletolearnEnglishwellisverydifficult.=It’sverydifficultformanypeopletolearnEnglishwell②短語：learntodosth學會做…;moreimportantthan…更重要12.It’snecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.=Forthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthemarenecessary譯：對他們來說，學會這種語言以便同這些人交流并向他們學習是非常必要的①這句話較復雜，it作形式主語，動詞不定式是真正的主語，inordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem我們稱作目的狀語②短語：inordertodosth;communicatewithsb;learnfromsb:向…學習13.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.譯：因為他們想學會這種語言，所以他們發現不斷地練習實際應用這種語言是容易的。①it作形式賓語，真正的賓語topracticeusingthelanguageregularly，原因狀語從句becausetheywanttolearnwithit.②practice是動詞,英式英語拼寫形式是practise,美式英語動詞和名詞拼寫都是practice.作動詞時，后面只能用動名詞，如：practicespeakingthelanguageeveryday.(4段2行)14.Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.(*)譯：如果你是一名成功的語言學習者，你大概一直在獨立地、主動地、目的明確地學習。①if引導條件狀語從句，主句中的havebeenlearning是動詞的現在完成進行時，表示動作從以前開始一直不間斷地進行到現在。②三個副詞：independently,actively,andpurposefully要會拼寫。15.ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightdowelltotrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.譯：另一方面來說，如果你的語言學習一直不太成功，你不妨試試上面提到的一些學習技巧。①Ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful是條件狀語從句。②短語：ontheotherhand:另一方面來說;lessthansuccessful:不太成功;mightdowelltodosth:表示一種委婉語氣，不妨…，最好….e.g.Youmightdowelltotakethedoctor’sadvice.That’sallforthislecture,andlet’scontinuetolearnthisunitnexttime.Don’tforgettoreviewwhatwehavelearnt.ok,seeyouthen!ThesecondlectureofCollegeEnglishHi,everyone!Areyousatisfiedwiththefirstlecture?Todaywe’llcontinuetolearnunitone.Ⅰ.Reviewsomethinginlectureone:A.Usefulphrases:1.disagreewith…(2段1行);2.hundredsof(2段3行);3.bedifferentfrom…(3段1行);4.succeedinsth…(3段3行);5.asmuchasyoucan(4段2行);6.practicedoingsth(4段2行);7.trytodo…(4段4行);8.similarinsth…(5段2行);9.firstofall(6段1行);10.dependon(6段2行);11.insteadofsth/doingsth(6段3行);12.waitsbtodo…(6段3行);13.learnfromsth/sb(6段7行);14.makeamistake(7段4行);15.beafraidtodo(7段5行);16.bewillingtodo…(7段6行);17.beinterestedinsth(8段2行);18.inorderto(8段4行);19.communicatewithsb(8段4行);20.ontheotherhand(9段3行);21.mightdowelltodosth(9段4行)B.Someimportantwords:1.successful;2.disagree;3.statement;4.guarantee;5.intelligent;6.conversely;7.similar;8.independent;9.conclusion;10.communicate;communication;11.purpose,purposefully;12.regularly;13.technique;14.outline.C.Keytopartexercises:(frompage8to12)一、課文練習：Ⅰ.d,a,c,d,d;Ⅱ.1.task;2.intelligent;3.tudy;4.clue;5.conclusion;6.repeat;7.communication;8.purpose;9.probably;10.outlineⅢ.1.Insteadof;2.therefore;3.more…than;4.even;5.firstofall;6.because;7.ontheotherhand;8.finally;9.lookingfor;10.converselyⅣ.1.見課文；2.Languagelearningisactivelearning.Learnersshouldtakeadvantageofeverychancetousethelanguage.3.Languagelearningshouldbeactive,independentandpurposeful.4.見一講作業。5.Theteachersoftenpassontheirsuccessfulexperienceinlanguagelearningtous.二、詞匯練習：Ⅰ.1.2.4.見一講詞匯講解部分；3.cover:v覆蓋；uncover:v揭開，為cover的反義詞；discover:v發現，同義詞：find,習題答案為：covered;uncover;discoveredⅡ.1.inexact;2.technique;3.outlined;4.communicate;5.regularly;6.clue;7.intelligent;8.incomplter;9.similar;10.statementⅢ.1.disagree;2.independent;3.incomplete;4.inexact;5.uncover/discoverⅣ.1,3,4,見一講作業3,4,5題。2見課文5.Weshouldlearnsomethingnewindependently,activelyandpurposefully.Ⅱ.TextB:要求作一般了解，屬閱讀理解課文，對于textB的文章來說，雖然較A篇稍長，但難度稍低，檢測閱讀結果的標準是能夠獨立地完成課后的習題。A.Somenewwords:1.instance:asinglefact,event,example.例子、實例，常用短語forinstance，例如。2.waiter:apersonwhoservesfoodatthetablesinarestaurant(男性)，waitress女服務員、女招待3.traveler:apersonwhogoesfromplacetoplace,esp.toafarawayplacetravel:v旅游4.primitive:adj原始的：oftheearliesttimesoflifeorofman5.exact反義詞inexact6.consist;v短語：consistof組成e.g.Myclassconsistsof20students.7.simply:adv,simpleadj簡單的B.Somelanguagepoints:1.notonly…butalso…不但…而且，并列連詞。(連接兩個并列成分)e.g.⑴Ihopetobenotonlyyourteacher,butalsoyourgoodfriend.⑵…,wecandoitnotonlywiththehelpofwords,butalsoinmanyotherways.2.neither…nor:既不…也不，并列連詞，連接兩個并列成分。e.g.⑴Autumnisagoodseason.It’sneitherhotnorcold.⑵peoplewhocanneitherhearnorspeaktalktoeachotherwiththehelpoftheirfingers.3.Heenteredarestaurantandsatatatable.(坐在桌旁)4.inthisway:介詞短語，用這種方法e.g.IlearnEnglishbymyself.Inthisway,IhavefinallygotthediplomaofEnglishmajor.5.TheEnglishmanwhowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirstylookedverysad.a.本句包含有一個定語從句，whowasveryhungrybythistimeandnotatallthirsty修飾先行詞TheEnglishman。b.短語：bythistime到此時為止；notatall根本不…6.Wordsconsistofsounds,buttherearemanysoundswhichhaveameaningandyetarenotwords.譯：語言是由聲音組成的，但具有一定意義的聲音并不都是話語。短語：consistof,句子結構中包含有一個定語從句。Keytothepartexercises:page16:T,F,T,F,T,F,F,F,T,F.Unit2TextA:Taxes,Taxes,andMoreTaxesMainideaaboutthetext:weknowthatthetaxesintheUnitedStatesarethehighestintheworld.Almosteveryoneneedpaytaxesonmanythings.TherearethreelevelsofgovernmentintheUnitedStates,sotherearethreetypesoftaxes;theyareforthefederalgovernment,stategovernment,andcitygovernment.EvensomeAmericansthinkthattheyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.A.Newwords:1.tax:n稅；vt對…征稅a.Everycitizenhastherighttopaytaxtoourcountry.b.Myincomeistaxedatsource.(我的收入已扣除了所得稅。)2.generally:adv一般地、通常，同義詞：usually,常用語：generallyspeaking,generaladj3.type:n類型、種類；v打字a.Whattypeofteadoyouprefer?Greentea.b.Shetypedtheletterquicklyandwell.4.salary:n工資，salaried:adj拿工資的5.earn:v掙錢、賺錢，earningsn賺得的錢6.percentage:n百分比、百分率；percentn前用數詞(*)a.Morethantenpercentofthestudentsdidn’tcometoday.b.Alargepercentageofschoolbooksnowhavepictures.c.Iamahundredpercentsurethathewillcome.7.vary:v變化、改變；variedadj有變化的、多樣的(*)a.Holidayjobsaremanyandvaried.b.peoplevaryverymuchintheirideasofmanythings.(注意介詞in的用法)c.pricesoffruitvaryfromseasontoseason.8.sale:n出售，sellv出售9.charge:v收費、控告a.Howmuchdoyouchargeforrepairingmyshoes?b.Hewaschargedwiththeguiltyofmurder.10.addition:n加法、附加物；addv增加；additionaladj額外的、增加的(*)a.Shealwaysaddssugartohertea.b.Heearned1000dollarsinadditiontohissalary.c.Wewillneedadditionalhelptodothework.11.confuse:v使混亂、混淆；confused,confusingadj;confusionn(*)a.Ifyoutrytolearntoomanythingsatatime,youmaygetconfused.b.Thisisaconfusingwordbecauseithastwomeanings.c.Doyouthinkthiswillcausemuchconfusion?d.Theyconfusedmebyaskingsomanyquestions.11.complain:v抱怨，常跟介詞of,about.complaint:n抱怨、投訴（*）a.Studentsalwayscomplainabouttoomuchhomework.b.Shecomplainedthattheexamwastoohard.c.Heusedtocomplainbitterlyofhisbadmemory.(訴說有病)d.Thereisnoreasonforcomplaint.12.useless:adj無用的，反義詞useful;careful→careless;helpful→helpless;hopeful→hopelessetc.13.impractical:adj不切實際的，反義詞practical;practicev實踐、實際14.program:n計劃、節目、程序；v編程序15.tend:v易于、傾向于，tendencyn趨勢、傾向a.peopletendtogetfatastheygrowolder.b.pricescontinuetoshowanupwardtendency.(物價呈持續上升趨勢。)B.Intensivereading:1.Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:deathandtaxes.(*)譯：美國人常說，一個人一生中只有兩件事可以肯定會發生：死亡和納稅。分析：主語：Americans；謂語：say；that引導一個賓語從句，還包含有一個省略了關聯代詞的定語從句，apersoncanbesureinlife修飾twothings.當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語時，常可省略。e.g.1>.Thewatchthat/which/省略Ifoundinthelibraryishis.（why?）2>.Thegirlwho/whom/that/省略youmetatthepartyismysister.請試著翻譯句子：1你一直在找的那個人來了。2昨天我媽給我的錢已經被偷走了。Answer:1.Themanwho/whom/that/省略youhavebeenlookingforhascome.2.Themoneythat/which/省略mymothergavemeyesterdaywasstolen.短語；besureof:對…確信、確定e.g.Wecanbesureofhishonesty.2.Americansdon’thaveacorneronthedeathmarket,butmanypeoplefeelthattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththeworsttaxes.(*)譯：美國人并不壟斷“死亡”市場，但很多人感到美國卻以最重的賦稅在世界上名列前茅。短語：haveacorneronsomething:壟斷…;leadwith因…領先e.g.Chinaleadstheworldwithhersilkproducts.3.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.譯：由于高額的稅款，每年4月15日人們很不開心，因為這一天是上繳聯邦稅款的日子。分析：Withthehighcostoftaxes,介詞短語作原因狀語，with=becauseof,由于…,whenthefederaltaxesaredue是非限定性定語從句，修飾onApril15。When叫關系副詞。Where,when,why是定語從句中的三個關系副詞，分別在定語從句中作地點狀語、時間狀語、原因狀語。a.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.(where=inwhich)b.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIenteredthecollege.(when=onwhich)c.pleasetellmethereasonwhyyouarealwayslateformyclass.(why=forwhich)另外，若定語從句和先行詞之間用逗號分開稱為非限定性定語從句。它對先行詞只是進一步補充說明，刪除后不會影響整個句子的基本語意，譯成漢語時一般單獨翻譯。4.Somestateshaveanincometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.(*)譯：有些洲有與聯邦政府類似的個人所得稅。分析：代詞that指anincometax,英文中兩個進行比較的事物必須是平等的，如在口語中我們可說“北京的天氣比廣州干燥”，但譯為英語不能寫成：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanGuangzhou.(x)城市不能和天氣進行比較，要改為：TheweatherinBeijingisdrierthanthatinGuangzhou.(√)5.otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate.(*)譯：其他洲征收銷售稅，對你在該洲所買的任何商品征收一定比例的稅。分析：包含有兩個定語從句，whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitemwhichyoubuyinthatstate是非限定定語從句，修飾asalestax。其中還含有另一個限定定語從句whichyoubuyinthatstate修飾先行詞anyitem.chargedto表示“向…征收”charged過去分詞作定語修飾apercentage.6.Somestatesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.(*)譯：有些洲除了征收銷售稅，還征收個人所得稅來增加稅收。短語：inadditionto除…還有…(+)e.g.Weneedfatandproteininadditiontovitamininourdiet.raisetheirrevenue:增加稅收。7.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrongway.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.譯：他們經常抗議政府對他們交納的稅金使用不當。他們認為政府在一些沒用或不切實際的項目上花錢太多。短語：usesthinthewrongway,錯誤地使用…,spendsthonsth在…花費，或spendsthindoingsth.e.g.MothersayshespendstoomuchtimeinwatchingTVeveryday.8.AlthoughAmericanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject:taxesaretoohigh.(*)譯：盡管美國人在許多問題上有不同的觀點，但他們往往在這一點上達成共識：稅收太高。短語：havedifferentviewsonsth對…有不同觀點，tendto通常，agreeonsth同意某事，同意某人：agreewithsb;同意做某事：agreetodosth.Ⅲ.Summaryabouttheimportantphrases:1.besureof(1段2行);2.haveacorneronsth(1段2行);3.leadwith(1段4行);4.consistof(2段1行);5.dependon(3段3行);6.thatis(3段4行);7.besimilarto(4段3行);8.inadditionto(4段10行);9.publicworks(5段4行);10.municipalbuildings(5段5行);11.complainabout(6段3行);12.usesthinthewrongway(6段3-4行);13.spend…on(6段4-5行);14.tendon(6段6行);15.agreeon(6段6行)The3rdlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.Keytopartexercisesfrompage39to43:一、課文練習：Ⅰ.a,c,a,a,cⅢ.1.due;2.dependson;3.diverse;4.consistedof;5.similar;6.tendsto;7.complainingabout;8.iadditionto;9.issue;10.agreeonⅣ.1.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?2.WearetryingtoraisefundsfortheRedCross.3.Heearnedagoodreputationforhonesty.4.Wepaytaxesinexchangeforgovernmentservices.5.Anopenletterprotestedgovernment’sforeignpolicy.二、詞匯練習：Ⅰ見2講講課內容。Ⅱ.1.charge;2.department;3.due;4.diverse;5.earns;6.vary;7.property;8.leading;9.fund;10.tendsⅡ.TextB:It’saboutadvertisement.Insuchasociety,wecanseeadvertisementeveryday.SomearefromTV,somearefromradio,somearefromnewspaper,andothersarefrommagazinesandevenInternet.Whenyoufindsomanyadshavepenetratedintoallthecornersofourlife,thendoyouthinkit’sgoodorbad?Nowlet’sfindsomethingfromourtext.A.Newwords:1.advertise:v做廣告、登廣告；advertisement:n縮寫ad;advertisingcompany廣告公司；advertiser:n登廣告的人2.attract:v吸引；attraction:n吸引力；attractive:adj吸引人的3.design:v設計；designer設計師4.persuade:v勸說，常用習語：persuadesbtodosth5.leisure:n空暇、悠閑，atleisure有空，清閑。6.classified:a分類的；classifyv分類7.edition:n版本，apaperbackedition（平裝版）,arareedition（珍藏版）,adeluxeedition（精裝版）,arevisededition（修訂版）；edit:v;editor:n8.entertainment:n娛樂、款待9.audience:n觀眾、聽眾。10.characteristic:a典型的；n特性、特征11.commercial:adj商業的；n商業廣告；commercen商業。12.responsible:a有責任的；responsibilityn責任13.particular:a特定的14.estimate:n/v估計、評價15.management:n管理、經營；manage:v管理；manager:n經理16.approve:v贊成、同意、批準；approval:n17.involve:v牽涉、卷入，beinvolvedinsth;involvement:nB.Somedifficultsentences:1.Advertisingisonlypartofthetotalsaleseffort,butit’sthepartthatattractsthemostattention.譯：廣告僅僅是整個銷售活動的一部分，但就是這部分最能吸引人們的注意力。注意本句的主語advertising是動名詞作主語，表示登廣告。再如：playingfootballismyfavoritesport.短語：attractone’sattention吸引某人的注意力。2.Voicesandmusichavebeenaddedtocolorandpicturestocatchtheearaswellastheeye.（*）譯：色彩和畫面配上聲音和音樂，既好看又好聽。重點掌握短語：1>.addsthtosth加…到…,e.g.Idon’tlikeaddmilkto/intomycoffee.2>.catchtheear,catchtheeye:吸引耳朵，吸引眼睛3>.aswellas:也,除了…還有…(+)e.g.IlikeChineseaswellasEnglish.3.Televisionadsareshort,buttheyarerepeatedoverandoveragainsothattheaudienceseesandhearsthemmanytimes.(*)譯：電視廣告時間很短，但它們被反復播放，可以使觀眾看聽許多遍。短語：overandoveragain一遍又一遍；sothat=inorderthat表目的；audience:稱作集體名詞，當單形集體名詞被看作一個整體時，具有單數概念；被看作若干個個體時，具有復數概念。像這樣的名詞有：family,government,class,staffetc.a.Hisfamilyisabigoneinourcity.b.Hisfamilyareveryfriendlytous.c.Theaudienceisquietwhentheconcertison.d.TheaudiencelikeHarryportterverymuch.C.Usefulphrases:1.attractone’sattention(1段2行);2.naturalenough(1段2行);3.forthemostpart(1段6行);4.persuadesbtodosth(1段7行);5.alargeamountofsth(3段1行);6.becharacteristicofsth(3段7行);7.catchtheeye(3段8行);8.nomorethan(3段9行);9.idebtitywithsth(3段10行);10.addto(4段2行);11.catchtheear(4段3行);12.overandoveragain(4段4行);13.sothat(4段5行);14.putupwith(4段7行);15.millionsof(4段8行);16.beresponsibleforsth/sb(5段1行);17.decideonsth(5段2行);18.makeanestimateofsth(5段4行);19.beinvolvedinsth(5段6行)；20.aswellas(4段3行);21.carryover(4段1行)D.Keytosomeexercises:Ⅰ.page49:T,F,F,T,T,T,T,F,T,F.詞匯練習：52Ⅰ.e,b,c,d,aⅡ.1.attracts;2.leisure;3.available;4.limited;5.estimateⅢ.1.decidedon;2.approved;3.estimate;4.carriedover;5.putupwith;6.characteristicofⅣ.B,C,B,A,C,D.Unit3TextA:TheAtlanticoceanIntheearth,therearefouroceans:thepacificocean,theAtlanticocean,theIndianocean,andtheArcticocean.TheAtlanticoceanisn’tthebiggestinarea,butthereareothertwothingsthatmakeitveryunusual.Doyouwanttoknowwhattheyare,andthenpleasereadthetextverycarefully?Andfromthepastexamsthetextisveryimportant.A.Newwords:1.sailor:n水手、海員；sail:v航海，n航海、帆（*）a.HehassailedforNewYork.b.Heisagoodsailorandseldomgetssickduringstormsatsea.c.Howmanydays’sailisitfromTianjintoDalian?2.unwilling:a不情愿的，反義詞willing：愿意的，常用短語：bewillingtodo…,beunwillingtodo…;副詞：unwillingly,willingly;名詞：will意愿、意志。（*）a.Heishappywiththepriceandwillingtopay.b.Thechildalwaysdoeshishomeworkunwillingly,sohehasn’tmademuchprogress.c.Sheisillandunwillingtogooutwithus.3.unusual:a不尋常的、與眾不同的，反義詞：usual,副詞：usually(*)a.Youngpeopleshouldnotwearunusualclothes.b.Hewenttotownasusualwithhisfather.c.Aclassifiedadvertisementisusuallyafewlineslong.4.salty:a咸的，salt:n鹽；salted用鹽腌的a.Theseawaterissalty.b.Thesaltedbeefisdelicious.5.average:n/a/v平均數、平均的、平均常用短語：ontheaverage(*)a.Theaverageof2,3and4is3.b.Theaverageageofthestudentsinthisclassiseighteen.c.Theyaveraged20milesadayduringtheirlastjourney.6.range:n山脈、范圍；v變化，排列成行a.Shehasawiderangeofinterests.b.Herangedthebooksbysize.7.peak:n高峰，adj高峰的，反義詞：off-peakpeakhour=rushhour8.eastward,westward,northward,southward:adjadv9.crew:集體名詞10.becalm:vbecomecalm;calm:a平靜的、安靜的,pleasekeepcalm.11.current:n水流、電流；adj流行的a.Thecurrentisthestrongestinthemiddleoftheriver.b.Turnoffthecurrentwhilemakingrepairs.c.ofallherdresses,onlyoneisstillcurrent.12.affect:v影響、打動；effectn影響，haveaneffectonsth;affectingadj動人的；effectiveadj有影響的、有效的。（*）a.ViolentTVprogramshaveabadeffectonthechildren.b.Musiccanaffectsomepeopleverystrongly.c.Thelawisnolongereffective.13.furnish:v用家具布置，家具：furniture.B.Grammarknowledge:定冠詞的用法pleaselookatthefollowingsentencesfromthetext:a.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthat….b.Thenarrowestplaceisbetweenthebulgeof….c.TheAzoresarethetopsofthepeak….1.冠詞（articles）:是一種虛詞，放在一個名詞前，幫助說明該名詞的含義。它分為定冠詞和不定冠詞兩種。2.定冠詞the的用法如下：①重復上文提到過的人或物：e.g.Thereisarefrigeratorinthekitchen.Therefrigeratoriswhite.(第一次提到用不定冠詞，第二次用定冠詞，表特指。)②特指談話雙方都知道的人或物。e.g.Howdoyoulikethefilm?③指世界上獨一無二的事物。e.g.Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.④常用在樂器前：e.g.Iwanttoplaythepiano/theviolin.⑤用在一些公用事業名稱前,e.g.Iwillgotothepostoffice/themuseum/thecinema.⑥用在序數詞和形容詞最高級之前，e.g.thefirsttime,thebiggest.⑦用在某些專有名詞前，e.g.thepeople’sRepublicofChina,thegreatwall,thewhitehouse⑧特指某些江河、山脈、海洋、湖泊，e.g.theChangjiangRiver,thepacificocean,theHimalayas,theSalt⑨和某些形容詞連用，表示某一類人,e.g.therich,thepoor,thedead,theyoung⑩用在姓氏的復數形式前，表一家人,e.g.TheGreensarewatchingTV.另外，還用在許多習慣用語中：inthemorning/afternoon/evening,ontheleft.Right,bytheway,inthemiddleofetc.The4thlectureofCollegeEnglishone:Ⅰ.IntensivereadingtextA:1.TheAtlanticoceanisoneoftheoceansthatseparatetheoldworldfromthenew.譯：大西洋是隔斷新世界和舊世界的大洋之一。分析：本句包含有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞oceans,注意此時只能用that,不能用which.如下的情況屬只能用that的情況：1>.當先行詞是最高級形容詞或它的前面有最高級形容詞時。Heisthebestpersonthatalwayshelpsothers2>.當先行詞是序數詞，或前面有一個序數詞時。HeisthelastpersonthatIwanttosee.3>.當主語已有疑問詞who或which時。Whichisthebikethatyoulost?4>.當先行詞是all,much,something,anything,everything,little,etc等詞時。Weshouldhandinallthatyouhavefound.5>.當先行詞前有only,any,few,oneof,thesame,noetc等詞時。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.LiMingisoneofthestudentsthatwanttobeteacherinourclass.短語：separatesthfromsth把…與…分開EnglandisseparatedfromFrancebytheEnglishchannel.另外，theoldWorld:Europe,Asia,Africa;theNewWorld:theAmericas.2.ForcenturiesitkepttheAmericasfrombeingdiscoveredbythepeopleofEurope.（*）譯：好幾個世紀以來，它使美洲一直未被歐洲人發現短語：keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth:阻止某人做謀事Thebadweathercan’tkeepusfromgoingtoschool/beingdiscovered:being動名詞，discovered過去分詞3.ManywrongideasabouttheAtlanticoceanmadetheearlysailorsunwillingtosailfaroutintoit.(*)譯：許多關于大西洋的錯誤觀點使得早期的水手不愿遠航駛入大