十一名詞性從句

語法精講一.主語從句

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it

代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

Itdoesn,tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.

ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.

1.用it作形式主語的結構

(1)Itis+名詞+從句

Itisafactthattheearthisround.

ItisanhonorthatmanyspecialistscametoourEnglishclass.

Itiscommonknowledgethatyousay“hello”toyourteacherwhenyoufirst

meetheratschool.

Itisarulethatweshouldcometoclassbefore8c'clock.

(2)itis+形容詞+從句

Itisnaturalthathecan'tspeakexcellentChinese,asheisanAustralian.

Itisstrangethatshecametoschoollatethismorning.

(3)itis+不及物動詞+從句

Itseemsthatitisgoingtorain.

IthappenedthatImetanoldfriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.

(4)it+過去分詞+從句

(Itisreported/said/proved/believed/known/expected/thought*")

ItisreportedthatChinaisgoingtolaunch“ShengZhou“Sixthisyear.

Ithasbeenprovedthatyouarewrong.

ItissaidthatthatwashowChinesefirstraisedsilkworms.

2.主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況

(1)if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。

(2)Itissaid,(reported)…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

ItissaidthatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweek,(right)

ThatPresidentJingowillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid.(wrong)

(3)Ithappens---,Itoccurs---結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：

Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination,(right)

Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim.(wrong)

(4)Itdoesn,tmatterhow/whether…結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如:

Itdoesn,tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.(right)

Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn'tmatter,(wrong)

(5)含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：

Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening?(right)

Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely?(wrong)

3.What與that在引導主語從句時的區別

What引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that則

不然。例如：

1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.

2)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation.

二.賓語從句

賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)

或介詞之后。

L作動詞的賓語

(1)由that引導的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)，例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.

(2)由what,whether(if)引導的賓語從句，例如：

1)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.

2)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.

(3)動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.

2.作介詞的賓語

例如：Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother.

3.作形容詞的賓語

例如：Iamafraid(that)I，vemadeamistake.

4.It可以作為形式賓語

It不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾,

特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：

Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth..

Wemakeitclearthatwewon'tcomebacktillnextweek.

5.后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞

這類動詞有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,want,

need,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。這類詞后

可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導賓語從句。

Iadmiretheirwinningthematch,(right)

Iadmirethattheywonthematch,(wrong)

6.否定的轉移

若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,

imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句

謂語用肯定式。例如：

Idon'tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。)

7.Whether和if區別。

A.主語從句用whether,不用if.

B.在不定式之前用whether,不用if.

C.在介詞之后用whether,不用if.

D.在discuss/discussion/nodifference等之后用whether.

E.在賓語從句中用whetherornot或者whether...ornot,或者if.....ornot,

但不能用ifornot.

三.表語從句

表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語+連系

動詞+表語從句”。可以接表語從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。引導表語

從句的that常可省略。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等

結構。例如：

1）Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.

2）Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople

3）Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.

4）Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.

四.同位語從句

同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。

1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由that引導，例如：

1）Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedall

thepeople.

2）Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

2.同位語在句子中的位置

同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

3.同位語從句與定語從句的區別

定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時又在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），

而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。

定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或

特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：

1）ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我

的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中

作賓語）

2）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講

的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）

語法精練:

1.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

2.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Thefact

3.we'11gocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

4.the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijinghasalreadybeenknown.

A.WhetherB.IfC.ThatD.What

5.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

6.mattermuchwhowillgotothefilm.

A.ThereisnoB.ItisnoC.Itdoesn,tD.Thatdoesn,t

7.Goandgetyourcoat.It's_____youileftit.

A.thereB.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere

8.Astimewenton,Ifoundmyhometownwasn,tithadbeenlike.

A.howB.thatC.whichD.what

9.Energyismakethingswork.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.something

10.Thebadnewshermotherhaddiedfrightenedher.

A.thatB.whichC.ifD.when

11.Oursuggestionwasmadeshopsremainopentill10o'clock..

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.when

12.Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

13.It'sgenerallyunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whatever

14.-Doyourememberhecame?

一一Yes,Ido.Hecameherebycar.

AhowB.whenC.thatD.if

15.Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage.

AwhenB.howC.whereD.what

16.leavestheclassroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.

ANomatterwhoB.WhoeverC.SheD.Whoever

17.Thebossmadeapromiseariseinpay.

AtheworkersgotB.theworkerswillget

CthattheworkerswouldgetD.whenwouldtheworkersget

18.Thereasonforhisbeinglateishedidn,tcatchtheearlybus.

AbecauseB.whyC.thatD.becauseof

19.Itisnotyetknownweshalltakepartinthesportsmeeting.

AthatB.whetherornotC.ifornotD.whetheror

20.Iknownothingaboutherexceptyoutoldme.

AwhatB.thatC.howD.where

isthemostusefulinvention?

ADoyouthinkwhichoftheseB.Whichofthesedoyouthink

CWhichoftheseyouthinkD.Youthinkwhichofthese

22.inthenewspaperthattheJapaneseministerwillarrivenextMonday.

A.Itsays