2024/3/14高考應試策略試卷知識題的命題原則：一般遵循三個原則：（1）保證覆蓋面廣，即考查英語語音、語法、詞匯方面的基礎知識；范圍不超出我國中學通用的英語課本，題量盡可能大，覆蓋而盡可能寬；（2）盡可能增加綜合化的因素，為了保證題量和覆蓋面，語言知識題一般以單項形式為主，但也采用一些綜合題，如完形填空題。（3）盡可能增加語境化的因素，高考英語試卷的語言知識題一般都加入一些語境化的因素。例如，完形填空題和短文改錯題本身就有上下文的語篇。聽力試題如何提高聽力能力和做好聽力測試一、把握特點，捕捉信息1、事實與細節(jié)W：Wouldyoulikesomehotcoffeeortea?M:Ilikethemboth,butI’dratherhavesomethingcold.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttodrink?A:Somethingcold.B:Coffee.C:Tea.2、數(shù)字M：DidJoan’smothertakehertothehospitalonceaweek?W：Yes.SheandJoanmadethe90-mileroundtriponceaweek.Q：Howfarwastheirhomefromthehospital?A：Ninetymiles.B：Forty-fivemiles.C：Onehundredandeightymiles.3、地點M:Hello,Tom.ThisisJackattheoffice.IsMikeathome?W:No,Jack.He’sinclassnow.He’llbehomeforlunchthough.Q:WhereisJacknow?A:Heisattheoffice.B:Heisinclass.C:Heisathome.4、職業(yè)、人物身份和關系W:Jacksentyouapresentyesterday.M:IgottoonefromJohn,notfromJack.Q:Whodidthemangetapresentfrom?A:FromMike.B:FromJack.C:FromJohn.二、掌握技巧，事半功倍1、放松心情，確定測試要點舍得，有舍才有得。迅速掃讀聽力測試題目和備選項目，做到事先有思想準備，再有的放矢地聽。2、做好筆記，把握細節(jié)。用自己熟悉的符號來縮寫3、注意特殊句型，把握關鍵詞。（1）副詞too的一詞多義現(xiàn)象。①Catherinewastooyoungtojoinintheseajourney..②Youaretookindtohelpme.③Onecan’tbetoocarefulinlearningaforeignlanguage.(2)連詞since一詞多義現(xiàn)象。①Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.②--Howdidyouliketheparty?--Wonderful.It’stooyearssinceIenjoyed.(3)YourwritingwasconsideredasgoodasDiana’s.①BothyourwritingandDiana’swerenotbad.②YourwritingwasalmostthesameasDiana’s.(4)Billdidn’tattendMary’sbirthdaypartybecauseJackwaspresent.①JackwaspresentatMary’spartysoBilldidn’tattend.②BillattendedMary’sbirthdaynotbecauseJackwaspresent.另外，要注意一些表示否定意義的關鍵詞、詞組，如：no,not,never,seldom,hardly,doubt,neither,too…to,little,few,unhappy等。另外，考生應了解虛擬語氣表示與事實相反的含義，掌握虛擬語氣的各種句型及在具體語境下的使用對理解聽力材料很有幫助。4、聽清主題句，把握中心思想。主題句往往是一篇聽力材料的中心思想。根據(jù)主題句，可以推斷“話中話”或“弦外之音”。單項選擇從統(tǒng)計的情況來看,高考單項選擇題的特點:

涉及面越來越廣,考點越來越細,涉及幾乎所有知識點;但整體上單項選擇題難度不大,一般以基礎題為主,考試的重點是:動詞(動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、情態(tài)動詞）、從句（狀語從句、定語從句和名詞性從句）等；所有考點是以辯析形式考查的。一、交際用語：主要考查日常生活用語，涉及面比較廣，但難度小。---I’minterestedinthatbeautifulMP4player.Howmuchdoyouchargeforit?---$150.Andit’softhevalue.---Well,______,butIcan’taffordit.Thankyouanyway.pleaselowerthepriceB.it’sreallyniceit’sworththatD.that’stoodear二、名詞：主要考查名詞的辯析、單復數(shù)及主謂一致問題。Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind三、動詞：主要有兩種形式:一是動詞的辯析；二是動詞短語的辯析。1、---Howabouteighto’clockoutsidethecinema?---That_____mefine.A.fitsB.meetsC.satisfiesD.suits2、Withoutmyglasses,Icouldn’t_____whetherthatfigureontheblackboardwasathreeoraneight.A.makeoutB.makeupC.makeforD.makeoff四、動詞時態(tài)：《考試大綱》：八種時態(tài)。---Whatwouldyoudoifit____tomorrow?---Wehavetocarryiton,sincewe’vegoteverythingready.A.rainB.rainsC.willrainD.israining五、動詞被動語態(tài)：主要包括：一般現(xiàn)在時的、一般過去時的、一般將來時的、現(xiàn)在進行時的、現(xiàn)在完成時的和帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。We’vebeentoldthegoodnews,butwhenandwheretogofortheexcitingon-salaryvocation_____yet.A.arenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.isnotbeingdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussed六、動詞不定式：在句子中可做許多成分。Aren’tthefanscrazytohavewaitedoutsideintherainformorethanthreehoursjust____alookattheirfavoritesingers?A.hadB.havingC.tohaveD.have七、過去分詞：Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit____oftenenough.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained八、現(xiàn)在分詞：

AnewlawwillgointoeffectonAugust1st.Accordingtothislaw,peoplefound______“harmful”advertisementsinthestreetswillbepunishedstrictly.puttingupB.toputupC.beingputtingupD.havingputup九、動名詞：常見的動詞有：allow,admit,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,mind,miss,practice,succeed,suggest;動詞短語有：devote…to,feellike,prevent/stop/keep…from,putoff,setabout,spend…on,thinkof,其它短語：What/howaboutIhopeyoudon’tmind_____youallthis.A.totellB.tohavetoldC.tobetellingD.mytelling十、情態(tài)動詞：主要考查：辯析、時態(tài)、和動詞完成式搭配的特殊用法及涵義。Tom,you____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!A.wouldn’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot十一、形容詞：主要考查：形容詞作定語時形容詞之間的排序、形容詞的原級的比較、比較級的比較和最高級的比較以及形容詞的辯析等。Toallthefamousartists’surprise,theunknownwoman’stwo____paintingsarealsoonshowintheartexhibition.littleblueoilB.bluelittleoilC.oilbluelittleD.littleoilblueIfitisquite_____toyou,IwillvisityounextTuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.confortable十二、副詞：主要考查有：副詞的辯析和副詞短語的辯析。Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthem_____.properlyB.repeatedlyC.clearlyD.usually十三、介詞：主要考查：固定搭配和具體句子中的辯析。1、Noonehelpedme.Ididitall____myself.A.forB.byC.fromD.to2、Wehadn’tplannedtomeet.Wemet___chance.A.ofB.inC.forD.by十四、冠詞：主要考查它們的常見用法。---Howmanypeoplearestillleading_____lifeunder_____povertylineintheworld?---Perhapsonefourth,accordingtothereport.A.the;不填B.a;theC.a;aD.不填；the十五、代詞：Thisskirtistoosmallforme.Wouldyoushowme_____one?theotherB.anotherC.otherD.oneanother十六、并列連詞：四種并列連詞：遞進式：and,both…and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,etc轉(zhuǎn)折式：but,however選擇式：or,either…or,otherwise因果式：so,and---Idon’tlikechicken____fish.---Idon’tlikechicken,____,Ilikefishverymuch.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but十七、主謂一致1、IntheWaiWenBookshop____tobefoundbooksinvariouslanguages.isB.areC.beingD.was2、Thesingeranddancer_____speakingatthemeeting.A.IsB.wereC.areD.be十八、狀語從句：主要考查對句意的理解。I’dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.IncaseD.sothat十九、定語從句：關鍵是分析關系代詞和關系副詞在從句中的成分。內(nèi)容有：一是關系代詞之間的區(qū)別；二是關系副詞和在句子中的成分；三是關系副詞與關系代詞之間的關系。Ihavemanyfriends,___somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom二十、名詞性從句：包括：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。1、LittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmaster_____hehaddonethedaybefore.thatB.howC.whereD.what2、---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where二十一、倒裝句：主要考查部分倒裝和全部倒裝。部分倒裝基本結構：狀語+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語+謂語；全部倒裝基本結構：狀語+謂語（不及物動詞）+主語（名詞）；或狀語+主語（代詞名詞）+謂語（不及物動詞）。1、Afterthewhistlerang,thecoachappearedinthefield.Behindhim_____theteamwearingblackandwhitesuits.A.hadB.walkedC.wasfollowedD.led2、Notonly_____givepeoplerelaxationandpleasure,but_____increasetheirknowledgeofanykind.Cantravel;itcanB.travelcan;canitC.Cantravel;canitD.travelcan;itcan二十二、強調(diào)句：基本構成：Itbe+被強調(diào)的部分+that/who(僅用于人)+被強調(diào)的部分以外的其他部分。(1)Itwas4p.mwhenMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.(2)Itwasat4p.mthatMr.Johnsoncamebackhomefromthepressconference.二十三、it用法：主要是作形式主語和形式賓語。Youngman,ifyouhurryup,Ithink____quite_____thatyouwillcatchthenexttrain.A.that;probablyB.this;certainlyC.it;likelyD.you;nearly二十四、虛擬語氣難度較大---Ifhe____,he_____thatfood.---Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned,wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned,wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned,hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned,hadnottaken二十五、慣用法

主要是考查一些習慣性搭配并且和交際用語一起考查。---It’lltakeatleast2hourstodothis!---Oh,____!Icoulddoitin30minutes.A.comeonB.pardonmeC.youarerightD.don’tmentionit完形填空（ClozeTest)注意事項考生應該充分利用上下文，注重行文邏輯，強調(diào)文段整體性閱讀。完形填空題主要考查考生對語篇的整體理解具體考查單詞、短語在具體語境中的運用。完形填空例題Anelderlybuilderwasreadytoretire.Hetoldhisemployerofhisplanstoleavethehousebuilding_(1)____andliveamorecomfortablelifewithhiswife.Hewouldmissthepay-check,butheneededto_(2)___.Theycouldmanage.Theemployerwas__(3)___toseehisgoodworkergoandaskedifhecouldbuild__(4)___onemorehouseasapersonal__(5)___.Thebuildersaidyes,butatthattimeitwaseasytoseethathis_(6)____wasnotinhiswork.Hebuiltitcarelesslyandusedpoormaterials.Itwasa(n)_(7)____waytoendhiscareer(workinglife).Whenthebuilder_(8)____hiswork,theemployercameand_(9)____thefront-doorkeytothebuilder.“Thisisyourhouse,”hesaid,“my_(10)____toyou.”Whatashock!Whata_(11)____!Ifhehadonlyknownhewasbuildinghisownhouse,hewouldhavedoneitall_(12)___.Nowhehadtoliveinthehomehehadbuiltnonetoo_(13)___.Soitiswithus.Sometimeswebuildourlivescarelessly,willingtoputuplessthanthebest.Atimportantpointswedonotgivethejobourbest_(14)___.Thenwithashockwelookatthesituationwehave_(15)___andfindthatwearenowlivinginthehousewehavebuilt.Ifwehadrealized,wewouldhavedoneitdifferently.Thinkofyourselfasthe_(16)___.Thinkaboutyourhouse.Eachdayyou_(17)___anail,placeaboard,orsetupawall.Buildwisely.Itistheonlylifeyouwilleverbuild.Evenifyouliveitforonlyonedaymore,thatdayisworthytobelivedwell.Lifeisado-it-yourself_(18)___.Whocouldsayitmoreclearly?Yourlifetodayisthe_(19)___ofyourattitudesandchoicesinthe_(20)___.(1)A.matterB.tradeC.businessD.industry(2)A.workB.retireC.liveD.stay(3)A.happyB.anxiousC.angryD.sorry(4)A.justB.yetC.evenD.still(5)A.questionB.favorC.jobD.idea(6)A.brainB.handC.heartD.aim(7)A.unfortunateB.quickC.uneasyD.direct(8)A.startedB.continuedC.quittedD.finished(9)A.droppedB.handedC.threwD.sent(10)A.wishB.prizeC.giftD.benefit(11)A.surpriseB.joyC.shameD.disappointment(12)A.differentlyB.eagerlyC.hardlyD.willingly(13)A.badlyB.wellC.comfortablyD.awfully(14)A.effectB.effortC.strengthD.power(15)A.createdB.metC.seenD.got(16)A.employerB.dreamerC.builderD.creator(17)A.hammerB.pullC.pressD.force(18)A.wayB.interestC.practiceD.project(19)A.resultB.endC.answerD.reply(20)A.futureB.presentC.pastD.moment一、題型分析完形填空作為一種綜合性的測試題型，它覆蓋了詞匯、語法、閱讀理解、書面表達等考試目標的全部內(nèi)容。二、答題要領1、快速通讀全文，掌握短文主旨大意。2、抓住結構、語義及邏輯三條線索，推斷和預測選項。3、特別注意詞組、習語和句型的積累、同義詞的辯析以及生活常識的運用。4、選擇填完后，通讀短文，仔細檢查連詞、副詞的使用。5、解答試題的時候，可利用直接法、排除法和比較等選擇正確答案。閱讀理解閱讀理解的特點1、閱讀理解主要是獲取信息，是理解的前提和手段，理解是分析、加工和處理信息，是閱讀的目的和結果。2、全面考查考生的記憶、識別、換算、判斷推理、邏輯思維、分析歸納、概括總結、猜測詞義等能力。3、問題設置主要是事實細節(jié)、主旨大意（標題大意）、綜合判斷、猜測詞義等。做閱讀理解題步驟：1、理解主旨要義2、理解文中具體信息3、根據(jù)上下文推測生詞的詞義4、作出簡單判斷和推理5、理解文章的基本結構6、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度特別注意：做閱讀理解時，可以先看題目測試內(nèi)容，然后再看文段，帶著問題去閱讀。也可以先看完文段，然后再做題；還可以將兩者結合起來，邊看邊做，邊做邊看。

自己去選擇何種方法。閱讀理解例題Someexpertsfeelthatcarsarecertaintofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallcarswillbedesertedandmadeuseless.Otherexperts,however,thinkthecarisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofcitytravelintheforeseeablefuture.Thecarwillundoubtedchangegreatlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmorepractical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.Uselesschangestakeplaceinthepowersystem,thecarinthefuturewillbethemainproblemincitytrafficjams.Onesuggestedsolutiontothisessentialproblemistheautomatedsystem,whichseemstoholdwater.Whenthecarentersthehighwaysystem,asmallarmwilldropfromthecarandconnectwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Oncejoinedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthecarwillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar’smovements.Thedriverwillusethetelephonetodialinstructionsabouthispositionandtheplaceheheadsforintothesystem.Thecomputerwillfindthebestwayandreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillbefreetorelaxandwaitforthecallthatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisbelievedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletodealwith10,000carsperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000carsthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.1、Whatisthemainconcernoftheauthorofthepassage?A.Howtomakecarspollution-free.B.Howtomakecarssmallerandsafer.C.Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjam.D.Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.2、Wecaninferfromthispassagethat_____.thecarconnectedtotherailonthehighwaywillbepoweredbyelectricitythelackofoilisforcingpeopletofindnewmeanstopowerautomobilesthedriverunderthesystemwillbetoldwheretogetoutofthehighwaythefuturecarwillbecomelarger,faster,prettierandlessexpensive3、Whatprovidescarswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?A.Anengine.B.Arail.C.Acomputercontroller.D.Asmallarm4、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Thedriverputshisinformationinthesystembye-mail.Thenewsystemcandealwith10timesasmanycarsasthepresentone.Afterenteringtheautomatedsystem,thedriverneedstodonothingbutrelaxhimself.Someexpertsarenotconfidentofthefuture,whiletheauthorisinfavorofoppositeview.短文改錯注意事項短文改錯側重考查基礎語法知識；需要從整體把握文章脈絡，特別要注意句與句的關系；做短文改錯時要充分利用上下文，注意作者的行文思路。主要涉及一、必考題：1、句子成分殘缺；2、詞語多余；3、句子正確。二、相關性錯誤：

1、名詞錯誤單數(shù)名詞改為復數(shù)名詞是短文改錯的常見考點之一！2、形容詞錯誤形容詞---形容詞；形容詞---副詞3、副詞錯誤副詞---副詞；副詞---形容詞4、介詞錯誤固定搭配或特殊用法錯誤5、連詞錯誤三類：一是并列連詞之間的誤用；二是從屬連詞之間的誤用；三是從屬連詞和并列連詞之間的誤用。6、冠詞錯誤主要有：不定冠詞a和不定冠詞an之間的誤用;定冠詞the和不定冠詞a/an的誤用；冠詞多余或句子成份殘缺。7、動詞時態(tài)錯誤一是動詞原形---動詞過去式二是動詞過去式---動詞原形8、分詞錯誤一是現(xiàn)在分詞---過去分詞二是過去分詞---現(xiàn)在分詞9、代詞錯誤需要搞清楚代詞的種類和在句子中的主要成分。10、動詞詞形錯誤一是動詞原形---動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞或添加to;二是動名詞或現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞---動詞原形，或去掉to。11、主謂一致錯誤一是名詞單復數(shù)作主語時的主謂一致；二是動名詞、動詞不定式、從句作主語時的主謂一致。短文改錯例文Ioftendreamofateacher.Idreamofstandingonthe1.________platformintheclassroomandgivelessonstolovelyboys2.________andgirls.Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthem3.________Growingup.IamalwaysyoungwhenIwasstaying4.________Withthem.Iknowthereisnoteasytobeateacher.You5._________Havetolearninordertoteach.Withoutenoughknowledges6._________Youcanneverlearnwell.Whatismore,youhaveto7._________Befriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.8._________Onlyinhiswaycanyoubeagoodteacherandwin9._________Respectfromthem.ThoughIamastudentnow.IwillWorkasveryhardtomakemydreamcometrue.10._______書面表達《考試大綱》規(guī)定寫作要求考生根據(jù)提示進行書面表達。考生應能：準確使用語法和詞匯，使用一定的句型、詞匯，清楚、連貫地表達自己的意思。書面表達提示有三種情形：一、文字型提示二、圖表型提示三、圖畫型提示2005年全國高考書面表達一覽

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圖畫型應用文（書信）上海卷通過一則事例證明“天生我材必有用”文字型議論文書面表達的共同特點：內(nèi)容充實，要點全面語