《橡林譯穗》之一念奴嬌赤壁懷古蘇軾(東坡)

大江東去，浪淘盡，千古風流人物。故壘西邊，人道是，三國周郎赤壁。亂石崩云，驚濤裂岸，卷起千堆雪；江山如畫，一時多少豪杰。遙想公瑾當年，小喬初嫁了，雄姿英發，羽扇綸巾，談笑間，強虜灰飛煙滅。故國神游，多情應笑我，早生華發。人生如夢，一尊還酹江月。

譯按:東坡此詞，千載以來，釋者紛紜。關鍵問題圍繞“神游者”、”多情“、“笑者”究作何解？大別之，約分三派：第一Ａ派（如鄭騫教授）謂“神游者”東坡自指，“故國”指“故鄉’(四川眉山)，“多情”則實指東坡亡妻蘇夫人王弗；第二Ｂ派謂“神游者”固東坡自指，但“故國”則指“公瑾當年”、“一時多少豪杰”之古代三國；第三Ｃ派謂“神游者”乃泛指虛指任何客觀精神主體，“多情”則指東坡命運坎坷，軾被多情誤一生！。一表東坡伉儷恩愛，意切情真；二嘆生不逢辰，功業無就；三示溟同大化，曠達空靈。譯者對之，三說并陳，不作左右袒，唯讀者自擇。唯“多情”一詞，譯成英文，須視脈絡語境而定。詩詞本意如何，有時雖作者難以明言，如李商隱詩。譯者所能為者，只是根據己身之體驗、理解，轉載對原作的讀後意象、情的蘊發而已。故對他人譯品之評鑒（除顯然大謬者外），宜多予包容。美國詩人弗羅斯特(RobertFrost)、葉公超之師，有名言曰：“詩之妙，翻就掉！”復次，艾克曼問歌德《浮士德》詩劇對后人之意義〔實啟發〕，歌德答道：“非某夢料所及。”故除上開三說之外，尚可有第四、第五說等之可能。例如博友@擺渡優雅新提，從“笑主”著眼，而謂“笑主“——“多情者”——指“清靜本性”；“所笑”指“應境生情”之“報身”而言。東坡之自笑，是以“作為超我”之東坡，笑“作為凡我”之東坡。“多情者”之本身，即指“宇宙上天等大意識”。義近現象學及唯識佛學術語，如純我、pureego；凈識、amala-vijnana等，但不宜入譯。無以，姑以“richandgenuineaffection”(真情醇厚)應工，列為第四說備考。下列四種譯本，讀者高見以為哪種錯誤較少呢？RemembranceofThingsPastatRedCliff

SuDongpo

(1037-1101)

Trans.

SundharaandSandara

[VersionA]TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,spirituallytoreturnhome,Imustbelaughedataffectionatelyformyearlygrey!

Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibationForthemooninriverreflection![VersionB]TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,WereIspirituallytovisittheancientworldImustbe

Foundlamentableformyearlygrey!Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibation

Fortherivermooninreflection!

[VersionＣ]

TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyingashesandsmolderingsmoke.Nay,WereanyheroicspiritstorevisitthisverysiteImustbe

Laughedatgraciouslyformyearlygrey!Life’sbutadreamindeed.Let'spouroutalibation

Fortherivermooninreflection!

[VersionＤ]

TheGreatRivereastwardseverflows,and

Itsmightywaveshavesweptawayalltheancientgallants.

Westoftheworn-outfortress,thefolkssay,

StillremainsRedCliffofYoungMarshallZhou'sday

IntheeraofThreeKingdoms.

Riotousrockspiercedtheclouds,

awesome

Roaringbillowsassaultedtheshores,

Pilingupsnowdriftsathousandfold.

Howpicturesquethelandscape,behold!

Andhowmanyheroesweresure

Toemergesuddenlyinthistime!

Icanwellenvision,thoughdistantly,

MarshallZhouinhisprime

ToyoungQiaotherarebeautynewly

Wedded,dashinganddebonaire.

Withafeatherfaninhand,asilkkerchieftowear,

InamomentoflivelybanterHehadthestrongenemyfleetsconquered,

Allreducedtoflyin