PubliccoursewareforhighschoolEnglishattribut目錄contentsThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclausesClassificationofrelevantclausesTheguidewordofanattributiveclauseTheusageofrelevantclaimsNotesonrelevantclausesPracticeandanalysisofrelevantclausesCHAPTERThedefinitionandfunctionofrelevantclauses01AttributiveclausesareatypeofclauseinEnglishgrammarusedtomodifynounsorpronouns,providingmoreinformationaboutthem.ThebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingThebookIborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingDefinitionExampleDefinitionAdjectiveclausescanmodifynounstoprovidemoreinformationaboutthem.Forexample,inthesentence"Ilikethebookthatwaswrittenbymyfavoriteauthor",therelativeclause"thatwaswrittenbymyfavoriteauthor"modifiesthenoun"book",providingmoreinformationaboutthebook.ModifyingNounsAdjectiveclausescanalsomodifypronounstoprovidemoreinformationaboutthepronoun.Forexample,inthesentence"ThebookthatIshouldbeverygood.",therelativeclause"thatIshould"modifiesthepronoun"thebook,"providingmoreinformationaboutthebook.ModifyingpronounsEffectCHAPTERClassificationofrelevantclauses02Arestrictiveattributiveclauseprovidesnecessaryinformationtothenounitmodifiesandcannotbeomitted,otherwiseitwillaffectthemeaningofthesentence.DefinitionThebook(that)IborrowedfromthelibraryisveryinterestingExampleRestrictiveattributeclauseDefinitionNonrestrictiveattributiveclausesprovideadditionalinformationtothenounbeingmodified,andeveniftheclauseisomitted,itwillnotaffectthemeaningofthesentence.ExampleMybrother,whoworksinNewYork,isabankNonrestrictiveattributeclauseDefinitionAspecialtypeofattributiveclausehasadifferentfunctionandstructurefromrestrictiveandnonrestrictiveattributiveclauses.ExampleThebook(which)hereferredtowasverypopularSpecialattributeclauseCHAPTERTheguidewordofanattributiveclause03FunctionThatisthemostcommonlyusedguidewordinattributeclausesItisusedtointroduceaclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectofthemainsentenceUsageItcanbecommittedinsomecases,especiallywhentheclausecomesattheendofthepresenceorwhenitisnotessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceThatVSWhichisusedtointroduceaclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorobjectofthemainsentenceItislessformalthanthatUsageItshouldbefollowedbyacommawhenusedinasense,anditcannotbeusedatthebeginningofasenseItcannotbecommittedinarestrictiveclause,butcanbecommittedinanonrestrictiveclauseFunctionWhichFunctionWho/whoisusedtointroduceaclausethatprovidesinformationaboutthesubjectofthemainsentenceItiscommonlyusedinrelevantclausesthatmodifyapersonUsageWho/whoshouldbefollowedbyacommawhenusedinasense,anditcannotbeomittedinarelatedclauseItcanonlybeusedtomodifyaperson,notathingWho/whoFunctionWhoisusedtointroduceaclausethatprovidesinformationaboutthesubjectofthemainsentenceItiscommonlyusedinrelevantclausesthatmodifyaperson要點一要點二UsageWhoshouldbefollowedbyacommawhenusedinasense,anditcannotbecommittedinarelevantclauseItcanonlybeusedtomodifyaperson,notathingWhoCHAPTERTheusageofrelevantclaims04UsedasanobjectivetomodifynounsmodifyingnounsSummarywordsAdjectiveclausescanbeusedasadjectivestomodifynounsandsupplementtheexplanationoftheirattributesorcharacteristics.Forexample,therelativeclause"thatIread"in"Thebook(that)Ireadwasinteresting."modifiesthenoun"book"toindicatethatthebookis"Ihavereadit.".DetaileddescriptionConclusionSupplementthecontentofthemainsentenceDetaileddescriptionTherelativeclausecanserveasanindependentsentencetosupplementthecontentoftheantecedentinthemainsentence.Forexample,therelativeclause"whoImetyesterday"in"Heistheman(who)Imetyesterday."supplementsthespecificcontentoftheantecedent"man,"whichisthepersonImetyesterday.".UsedasapresencetosupplementthecontentofantibioticsAdverbialsindicatingtime,place,reason,etcSummarywordsAdjectiveclausescanbeusedasadverbialclausestoindicatetime,place,reason,etc.Forexample,theattributiveclause"thatarrivedontime"in"Thetrain(that)arrivedontimewasfromNewYork."indicatesthatthetrainis"punctual.".DetaileddescriptionUsedasanadvisorytoindicatetime,place,reason,etcCHAPTERNotesonrelevantclauses05AccuratelyselectingguidewordsWhenconstructinganattributiveclause,itisnecessarytochooseappropriateguidewordsbasedonthereferentialrelationshipoftheantecedent,suchas"that","which","who",etc.AvoidingredundantguidewordsInsomecases,guidewordsarenotnecessaryinasentence,suchas"thebookwhichiswrittenbyhim"canbesimplifiedto"thebookwrittenbyhim".PayattentiontotheselectionanduseofguidewordsMaintainingTenseConsistencyInanattributiveclause,thetenseshouldbeconsistentwiththemainclause.Forexample,in"Ilikethebookthatwaswrittenlastyear,"theword"waswritten"shouldbeconsistentwiththemainclause's"like.".PayattentiontovoiceselectionChoosetheappropriatevoicebasedoncontextandsemantics,suchaspassivevoiceoractivevoice.PayattentiontothetenseandvoiceofrelevantclausesTherelativeclauseshouldmaintainaclearlogicalrelationshipwiththemainclausetoavoidambiguityorlogicalconfusion.ClearlogicalrelationshipThesemanticsofrelativeclausesshouldbecloselyrelatedtotheirantecedentstoavoidsemanticdeviationorambiguity.AccuratesemanticexpressionPayattentiontothelogicalandsemanticrelationshipsofrelevantclausesCHAPTERPracticeandanalysisofrelevantclauses06VSChoosethecorrectguidewordsDetaileddescriptionThisexerciseaimstohelpstudentsmasterthecorrectguidewordstoconstructcorrectattributiveclauses.Studentsneedtochoosethecorrectguidewordsfromthegivenoptionstofillintheblanksandcompletethesentences.SummarywordsExercise1:ChoosethecorrectguidewordsConclusionFillintheblanktocompletetherelativeclause要點一要點二DetaileddescriptionThisexerciserequiresstudentstofillinappropriatewordsorphrasesintheblankspace