1.Communication1.Communicationtechnologiesarefarfromequivalent.Arecentstudycomparinghonestyacrossrangeofdifferentmediarevealedthatpeopleweretwicelikelytotelllieswhenusingthephonethanwhencommunicatingviae-mail.Ithadpreviouslybeenassumedthatpeoplewouldbemoreinclinedtofabricatethetruthwhenusinge-mail,duetotheremotenessoftheinteractionmakingpeoplemorecomfortableaboutdeceivingothers.Onthecontrary,itseemsthatanxietyovertheaccountabilityaffordedbytherecordingofe-mailexchangesinducesgreatertruthfulness.However,theresearchalsonotedthatpeoplearemuchmorelikelytoberudeorinsultingovere-mail,outweighinganybenefitsofincreasedhonesty!1、Animplicationofthestudyisthatiftelephoneconversationsarerecordedandpeopleareawareofthisfact,theyarelikelytobemoretruthfuloverthephone.2、Peopleareunconcernedabouttherepercussionofe-mail3、Ithadbeenassumedthatpeoplewouldcommunicatemorehonestlywhenusinge-mailthanwhenusingthetelephone.2.Thereisoftenconsiderablescientificdisagreementbothaboutavailablereservesofresourcesandabouttheextentofenvironmentaldamagecausedbyparticularpollutants.Evenwherethescientificevidenceisincontrovertible.Theremaybepoliticalconflict,basedondifferentvestedinterests,overthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.Governmentsmay,forexample,refrainfromintroducingeffectivecontroliftheyfearthesewilladverselyaffectcompanyprofitabilityorjobs,evenwheretheenvironmentalcostofnotintroducingcontrolsare1、Thereisalwaysscientificdebatearoundthefactsregardingthereservesofnatural2、Veryrarelyisthereconflictoverthedegreetowhichparticularenvironmentalcontrolsshouldbeaccepted.3、Partieswithavestedinterestaremoreinfluencedbypoliticsthansciencewhendecidingwhethertoimplementenvironmentalcontrols.3.Whilsthighvisibilitycrimesuchasnight-timedrunkendisturbancehasincreased,totalurbanruralcrime,bothreportedandunreported,hasfallenoverthelasttwoyears,yetparadoxicallypeoplefeellesssafe,believingthattheconverseisthecase.Thisfallincrimehascoincidedwithadropinthenumberofpoliceofficeronthestreet.Acitizen’sfearofcrimeseemsnottobeamatterofrealityatall-thevisibilityoflawenforcementofficialshasagreaterimpactontheirviewofrealitythanhardfacts.1、Reducingthenumberofpoliceofficerhasledtoareductionincrime2、Crimestatisticssupportpopularbeliefaboutthelevelofcrime.4.Thereis4.Thereisnotaskmoredifficultthanthatofensuringtheeducationofchildreninsociety.Notonlyschool,butalsoteachersandtheirroleshavechangedoutofallrecognitioninthepastfewdecades,thankstotheimpactonteachinginstitutionsbyindoctrinating,andindoctrinated,reformistintellectualsbearingrevolutionaryideas.Totheperpetualindisciplineofyouthhasnowbeenaddedtheindisciplineofparents,manyofwhominterpretanyreportsofwrongdoinginschoolonthepartoftheiroffspringasapersonalaffront,orasthemanifestationofthemaliceofteachers.Asfortheteachersthemselves,whilstmanyarerespectableandlearnedmenandwomen,whoviewitastheirvocationtoinducttheirchargesintoacivilizationandawayofbehaving,othersattempttoinfluenceyouthmerelytofurthertheirpoliticalorideologicalends.SomeofthoseworkingineducationhavetheirownhiddenTeacherwithrevolutionaryideaswillattempttoinfluencetheirpupilsfortheirownSometeacherswhoreportchildrenofwrongdoingdosobecauseofmalice,ratherthanlegitimatereason5.Lastweek,thecompetitioncommissionoutlinedtwopackagestoregulatethesaleofextendedwarranties,whichproviderepair/replacementforfaultygoodsbeyondthemanufacturer’soriginalguarantee.Whilstwarrantysalesarecurrentlyhighlyprofitable,withsomeretailersattributingupto?oftheirprofitstothisincomestream,theyarealsocriticizedforofferingpoorvalueformoneyduetoobscureclauses,whichrestrictpaymentinmany,butthemostunlikelyclaimscenarios.Thefirstpackage-tobanretailerssellingafullwarrantyonthedayofpurchasewascondemnedbyallasdraconian-whilsttheother,rathermilder,optionofforcingretailerstoprovidefullinformationonwarrantyexclusionsandanobligatory60–day“cool-off”periodforcustomers,receivedamorebalancedhearing.BecausenoonebelievesthattheBecausenoonebelievesthatthefirstoptionwilleverbeimplemented,investorsandanalystsfocusedmorecloselyontheimplicationofthe“milder”package.Inarecentleakedresearchnote,oneanalystsuggestedthattheimplementationofthereforminthesecondpackagewouldplaceastaff-trainingburdenontheretailer,whichwouldleadtoasignificantincreaseinthecostofwarrantysales,andapredicted20%fallinactualsales.“Cool-off”periodsarenotcurrentlyofferedbycompaniessellingproductItislikelythatneitherpackagewillbePreventingretailersfromsellingwarrantiesonthedayofpurchaseofaproductwastobetooseverea6.Allscientificknowledgeisprovisional.Everythingthatscienceknows,eventhemundanefactsandlong-establishedtheories,issubjecttore-examinationasnewinformationcomesin.thelatestdataandideasarescrutinizedthemost.Somerecantationswillbeunavoidable,butthisisnotaweaknessofscience,butratheritsstrength.NoendeavorrivalsscienceinitsincrementalprogresstowardsamorecompleteunderstandingoftheobservableScienceimprovesunderstandingonthebasisofleavingunchallengedthosetheoriesappeartoSomefactsinsciencecannotbechallengedifanyprogressistobeThatwhichisnotobservablecannotbepartofthedomainofreasonablypracticable,thehealth,safetyandwelfareatworkofallfullandparttimeemployees,andalsothosenotindirectemploymentwhomaybeaffectedbyactsoromissionsatwork.However,itisalsothedutyofemployeestotakereasonablecarefortheirownhealthandsafetyandalsothatofotherpersonswhomaybeaffectedbytheiractsoromissionsatwork,forexamplebycomplyingwithallnoticesonhealthandsafetythatareposted.IfaworkplacevisitorishurtduetoanactofnegligencebyanemployeethenthemaybeheldsolelyEmployeeshavenegligibleresponsibilityforEmployeeshavenegligibleresponsibilityforworkplacehealthand8.Today’shistoriansaimtoconstructarecordofhumanactivitiesandtousethisrecordachieveamoreprofoundunderstandingofhumanity.Thisconceptionoftheirtaskisquiterecent,datingfromthedevelopmentfrom18thandearly19thcenturiesofscientifichistory,andcultivatedlargelybyprofessionalhistorianswhoadoptedtheassumptionthatthestudyofnatural,inevitablehumanactivity.Beforethelate18thcentury,historywastaughtinvirtuallynoschools,anditdidnotattempttoprovideaninterpretationofhumanlifeasawhole.Thisismoreappropriatelythefunctionofreligion,ofphilosophy,orevenperhapsofpoetry.Professionalhistoriansdidnotexistbefore18thInthe17thcentury,historywouldnothavebeenthoughtofasawayof9.Whilsthavingsimilareffectsonemployees,theretendtobemajordifferencebetweenmergerandanacquisition.Inanacquisition,powerissubstantiallyassumedbythenewparentcompany.Changeisoftenswiftandbrutalastheacquirerimposesitsowncontrolsystemsandfinancialrestraints.Partiestoamergerarelikelytobeevenlymatchedintermsofsize,andthepowerandculturaldynamicsofthecombinationaremoreambiguous,integrationisamoredrawnoutprocess.Duringanacquisition,thereisoftenmoreovertconflictandresistanceandasenseofpowerlessness.Inmergers,becauseoftheprolongedperiodbetweentheinitialannouncementandfullintegration,uncertaintyandanxietycontinueforamuchlongertimeastheorganizationremainsinastateoflimbo.MergersandacquisitiontendtohavedistinctlydifferentimpactsonMergersyieldashorterperiodofanxietyanduncertaintyamongst10.Managementis,ineffect,thecatalystthatisessentialforconvertingtheresourcesrawmaterialinputsoftheoperationintovaluedoutputsand,intheprocess,ensuringthatstakeholderneedsaresatisfied.Managersrepresentthecriticalfactor,whicheconomistsrefertoas“enterprise”,withoutwhichtheotherfactors(land,laborwithoutwhichtheotherfactors(land,laborandcapital)cannotfunction.Managerseffectivelythecustodiansoftheorganization’sresource,responsiblefordecidingwhattheresourcesshouldbeusedfor,howbesttousethem,andtowhichcustomerstheoutputsshouldbetargeted.StakeholderneedsarebestservedthroughthecreationofvaluedManagementhasatleasttwomajorbutdifferent11.Thereisnodoubtthatvegetarianfoodcanbehealthierthanatraditionaldiet–researchhasdemonstratedthatvegetariansarelesslikelytosufferfromheartdiseaseandobesitythanthosewhoeatmeat.Onelong-standingconcernaboutavegetarianlifestyleistheriskoffailingtotakeinenoughprotein.However,historicalcalculationsastotheamountofproteinneededforahealthylifestylehaverecentlybeenshowntooverestimatethequantitiesneeded,andifvegetarianselecttheirfoodcarefullytheyshouldbeabletomeettheirproteinAbalanceddietismorelikelytopromotehealththananyparticularfoodorfoodgroupToomuchproteininthedietcanleadtoheartOvertimetherecommendationsastowhatconstitutesahealthybalanceddiethaveWater,themostcommonliquidusedforcleaning,hasapropertycalledsurfacetensionMoleculesinthebodyofthewateraresurroundedbyothermolecules,butatthesurface“tension”iscreatedasmoleculesareonlysurroundedbyothermoleculesonthewaterside.Thistensioninhibitsthecleaningprocess,asitslowsthewettingofsurfaceduetotensioncausingthewatertobeadup.Thisiswherewaterdropletsholdtheirshapeanddonotspread.Foreffectivecleaningtotakeplace“surfacetension”mustbereducedsothatwatercanspread.Surface-activeagents,orsurfactants,arechemicals,whichareabletodothisSurface-activeagents,orsurfactants,areonlyusedforWateristheonlyknownliquidusedforIfsurfactantchemicalsareaddedtowaterwhencleaningasurface,surfacetensionwillTheThemoleculesonthewatersidehinderthecleaningWaterdropletswillnotspreadwheretherearehighlevelsofsurface13.Thebiggestriskfacing13.Thebiggestriskfacingtheworld’sinsurancecompaniesispossiblytherapidchangetakingplacewithintheirownranks.Sluggishgrowthincoremarketsandintensepricecompetition,coupledwithshiftingpatternsofcustomerdemandandtherisingcostoflosses,arethreateningtooverwhelmthosetooslowtoreact.Insurancecompaniesarecopingwellwithincreasedpricecompetitionandrising14.Short-sightednessistoalargeextentinherited,itsincidencevariesfromonefamilyanother.Thereasonbehindthelinkbetweenthecommonincidenceofshort-sightednessandhighintelligenceisunclear.Previousgenerationsthoughtthateyescouldbecomestrainedbyyearsspentporingoverbooks,butafewdecadesagothepopularmedicalviewwasthatshort-sightedpeoplegravitatedtowardsthelibrarybecausetheyfoundithardtoexcelatsports.Recentlytherehasbeenpartialsupportforatheorythathighintelligenceandshort-sightednessmay,infact,bepartofageneticpackage.Thegeneticlinkbetweenintelligenceandshort-sightednesshasrecentlybeenIntelligenceistoalargeextentweakasitmaybetoday,theseprimevalmicrowavesholdvaluableinformationaboutfundamentalpropertiesoftheearlyuniverse.Slightdifferences,oranisotropies,inthebrightnessandpolarizationoftheCMBrevealcluesaboutthenatureoftheprimevalplasma:thatthediscrepanciesexistatallshowsthattheplasmawasnotperfectlyuniform.ThevariationsinthebrightnessseenintheCMBreflectdifferencesinthedensityoftheprimordialplasma,whereastheanisotropicpolarizationrevealsinformationaboutthedynamicsoftheearlyuniverse,suchasthemovementofmaterialandthenumberofgravitationalwaves.TheCMB,however,isnottheonlysourceofpolarizedmicrowavesandthecosmologicalpolarizationmustthusbemeasuredatdifferentwavelengthssoastoisolatethemfromforegroundsignals.Thepolarizationofcosmicmicrowavesismeasuredatdifferentwavelengthsoasseparatetheforegroundfromthebackgroundsignals.Throughstudyingthecosmologicalmicrowaves,onemaylearnabouttheforcesofgravitytheearlyuniverse.ThewavelengthsoftheforegroundsignalsaredisregardedoncetheyhavebeenformtheCMB.16.Internetexpertsarewarningofanewmultitudeofextremelydangerouscomputerthathaverecentlybeencausingdevastationandcouldpotentiallycrippleentireglobalcomputersystems.Thesevirusescanreplicatethousandsofcopieswithinhoursandarecapableofextirpatingsecuritysoftwarethat,inturn,enableshackerstoappropriatecontrolofthemachines.Criminalgangscanthenestablishbankaccountsusingstolenidentities,sabotageacompany’scomputersystemandextortmoneyforitsrestoration,andsellcomputersthathavebeeninterferedwithontheblackmarket.Computerusersareoftenadvisedtorefrainfromopeningsuspiciousprogramattachedtotheemailsandtocontinuallyupdatetheirsecuritysoftware.Internetexpertsareadvisingcomputeruserstoreplacetheirsoftwareiftheysuspecthasbeentamperedwith.amusing,andoftenoutofcharacter,behavior.However,hypnosisisalsoatopicofscientificresearch.Researchbyscientistsoverthelastfewdecadeshasrevealedwaysinwhichmemoryprocesses,andprocessesinvolvedinpainperceptioncanbechangedusinghypnosis.Ithasalsobeenfoundthathypnoticsuggestionscanregulateactivityinidentifiablesectionsofthebrainandcancontributetotheeffectivemanagementofcognitiveconflict.Findingsfromseveralrelatedbrainimagingstudies,forexample,havesuggestedthatpeopleunderhypnosiscabexhibitreducedlevelofbrainactivityinbothvisualareaandtheanteriorcingulatecortex.Disparateresearchhasalreadyestablishedtheroleofthesebrainstructuresinthemonitoringthecognitiveconflict.Underhypnosismostindividualsparticipateinentertainingactivities.FewpeoplethinkthatFewpeoplethinkthatwhenhypnotised,individualsdothingsthattheywouldnotnormallyScientificresearchontheeffectsofhypnosisonmemoryandpainperceptionstarteda18.Workersarebecomingincreasinglyconcernedaboutcompanyrelocationduetoassociationwithemployeedistressandisolation,whichcanbecausedbyissuessuchasthemanagementofpropertytransitionsandlossofcommunityties.Furthermore,movinghomecanputastrainonworker’sfinancialresourcesandcloserelationships,especiallyforthoseworkingparentswhomayfeelguiltyaboutmovingchildrentonewschools.Regardlessofthedisruptioncreated,someindividualsareverywillingtorelocate,duetothepotentialforenhancedcareerprospectsandlong-termfinancialstability.Somepeoplemayfeelguiltyabouttheconsequencesofrelocating.Companyrelocationhasincreased.Thepotentialbenefitsofjobrelocationareseen,bysome,tobeworththeassociated19.Political,economicanddemographicdevelopmentsarecombiningtoincreasetheofindividualsleadingeconomies.Theseindividualstakeamuchmoreactiveroleinmanagingtheirpersonalfinancialaffairsandindetermininghowtheirassetsshouldbeinvestedfortheirlong-termbenefit.Asaresult,weareseeingtheemergenceofanewmarket,consistingofso-called“affluentindividuals”.Thisstructuraltrendissettocontinueandwillprovidesignificantopportunitiesforfinancialservicesproviders.Thisbandofindividualshastraditionallybeendominatedbyoldmoneyinheritance,andthiswillremainafactor,buttheriseofnewaffluentmoneyisincreasingasindividualsbenefitfromhighersalariesandcompensationintheformofstockoptions.Thesenewaffluentindividualsarealsocreatingwealthassmallbusinessentrepreneurs.AffluentindividualswanttomanagetheirownassetsratherthanusefinancialserviceCIndividualsIndividualscannotbecome“affluent”throughinheritingoldmoney.Inheritedoldmoneywillbecompletelyreplacedbynewaffluentmoney.20.AtthemomentofGTC,like20.AtthemomentofGTC,likeotherEuropeanproducers,isabletorelieveatleastsomeofover-capacitybyexporting,partlytoCentralAmerica.Adecadefromnow,thatregionwillbelargelyself-sufficientandtradewillbestartingtoflowtheotherway.However,forGTCinvestors,thecompany’srecentrestructurecouldheraldbettertimes.Thegroup’slackoffocusandlack-lustrereturnshavebeenmuchcriticizedoflate.AsuccessfulexporttradewithCentralAmericaseemssettocontinueindefinitely.CentralAmericanproducerswillfindareadymarketfortheirproductsinEurope.GTCisasoundCentralAmericawill,inthefuture,begintoexportlesstoEurope.CCentralAmericanproducerswillfindareadymarketfortheirproductsinEurope.Restructuringgenerallyproducesanincreaseinprofitability.21.Theincreasingfragilityoftheruraleconomywillbethebiggestchallengefacingcommunitiesoverthenexttenyears.Agriculture,whichaccountsforaquarterofruraljob,isindecline.Tourismprovidesnomorethanhalfthisnumberofjob.Theruralmanufacturingsector,however,hasgrownoverlasttenyears.Despitethis,itstillemploysfewerthanoneintwentypeoplelivinginruralarea,andisthreatenedbycompaniesbasedinindustrialareas,whichbenefitfromaccesstoalargerskilledworkforceandbettertransportationnetworks.Industriesbasedinruralareasbenefitfrombettertransportlinks.Manufacturingprovidesthefewestjobsinthecountryside.ThemanufacturingsectorislikelytobethemainsourceofemploymentforruralworkersinIndustriesbasedinruralareassufferfrompoorertransportlinks.22.Inrecentyears,manyissueshavebeenconsideredwhenattemptingtoamelioratewellbeingofpatientsandtheefficiencyofhospitaladministration.Patientshaveoftencomplainedaboutendlesswaitinglists,lowstandardsofcleanliness,poorhospitalfood,andunsatisfactorydoctor-patientcommunicationandnow,accordingtoanexpertfromaleadingimageimageconsultancy,doctors’dresscodesandtheirgeneralappearancemustcomeunderscrutiny.Ofhealthcarehaveanunwashedappearance,dirtyhaveanunwashedappearance,dirtynailsorunkempthair,thisexudestheimpressionrecklessness,wearingredremindspatientsofblood,andpowerdressingisdiscouragedbecausepatientsmayfeelunderminedandlessrelaxed.Althoughcampaigngroupsapproveofhealthcareprofessionalsleadingbyexamplewithhighstandardsofhygieneinhospitals,someindividualsarguethatthispotentialnewimagelegislationismerelyacaseofjumpingonthebandwagonofthecurrentmediatrendforhomeandlifestylemakeovers.IndividualshavearguedthatthecurrentmediatrendforlifestylemakeoverisresultoftheconcernovertheimageofnewlegislationsF因果關(guān)系反Newhospitallegislationstatesthathealthcareprofessionalsmusthavecleanfingernails.23.Oneofthegreatparadoxesofentrepreneurshipisthatentrepreneursmustdevelopcapacitytoengagetheurgentwiththeemergent.Routinepressuresforceustoallowtheurgenttodominateus,quarterlyreports,marketshare,andtangiblereturnoninvestmentbecomeparamountinthisparadox,emergent(strategic)issuesareoftenlost.Theurgentpresentsitselfintangibleshapeandform,whereastheemergentissubtlerinappearance.Entrepreneursneedtopre-senseemergentreality,thustheyrequiremorethanordinaryattentiveness.However,informationconsumestheattentionoftherecipient,andurgentinformationisbynaturemoredemandingofattentionthanemergent.Yetitisanawarenessoftheemergentthatfrequentlydistinguishesthesuccessfulleader,theindividualwhocanseethroughthereactivedemandsofday-to-dayurgencytoactrapidlyupontheemergenttrendsthat,ifcapitalizedupon,canensurecommercialtriumph.Onewayofensuringtimetoidentifytheemergentistomaketimeforreflectivemomentsinworklifeinordertorestorethequalityofattentivenessandseethroughthefogoftheimmediate.Itiseasiertospotanemergenttrendthananurgentissue.Itiseasytolosesightofthestrategicissuesgiventhedemandsthatimmediateissuesmake.consultationissubjectethicallytoabsoluteconfidentialityandcaninnocircumstanceberevealedwithoutthepatient’spermission.Withoutsuchapatient’spermission.Withoutsucharule,theybelievethatpatientswouldnotsupplyallofinformationneededtotreatthem.Mosthowever,believethattheirobligationstosocietyoverridetheirobligationstotheirpatients;forexample,beingpreparedtoreporttothepoliceapatientwhopersistedindriving,despitetheexistenceofaconditionthatrenderedthemunsafe.Onereasonforsuchaconflictisthatwhilstcourtsrecognizetheconfidentialityofexchangebetweenlawyersandclients,thisisnotextendedtodoctorandpatients.Adoctorwouldreporttothepoliceapatientwhowasadangertoothers.Doctorsareinagreementabouttheethicsandpracticeofpatientconfidentiality.25.Privateairlinecompanieshavealwaysbeendeterminedtooperateatransportsystemissafeforpassengers,whilststillremainingcompetitivelypricedandcommerciallyviable.However,aprivatesectorbusinesscanonlyremainviableifitgeneratesprofitsforitsshareholders.Recentreportssuggestthatifallaircraftswerefittedwithmilitaryderivedground-to-airmissiledefensesystem,andatallairportstherewasinfalliblescreeningforweaponsandexplosivesthenthesystemwouldbemuchsafer.However,totallyeffectivescreeningwouldprecludeallpossibilityofprofit,andcurrentsystemsarestillverythorough,whilstalsoprovidingagoodcost-benefitratio.Militaryaircraftaresaferthancommercialcraft.Currentairlinesecuritysystemsprovidethebestpossiblemixofcostagainstbenefit.26.Fullemploymentisaconcept,whichisoftenreferredtobutseldomdefined.descriptioncomesclosetowhatmosteconomistsunderstandbytheterm.Inhisviewfullemploymentmeansthat“unemploymentisreducedtoshortintervalsofstandingby,withthecertaintythatverysoononewillbewantedinone’soldjobagainorwillbewantedinanewjobthatiswithinone’spowers.”Inotherwords,fullemploymentdoesnotmeanzerounemployment,butallowsforsomemeasureofacceptableunemployment,forexample,“frictional”unemploymentwhilstchangingDefinitionsoffullemploymentareabundant.SomeSomeeconomistsdonotunderstandfullemploymentinBeveridge’sterms.InB’sview,fullemploymentInB’sview,fullemploymentincorporatesthoseunemployedpeoplewhoarecertaintoworkveryshortly.27.Thetypicalshare-saveschemeisaregularsavingsplanthatgivesemployeesopportunitytopurchasesharesin3.5or7yearstime,shouldtheychoosetoexercisethepurchaseoption,atadiscountedpricefixedbeforethesavingperiodstarts.Inadditiontopotentialfinancialgains,theemployeealsohastheopportunitytoparticipateinfuturecompanydevelopmentthroughtheacquisitionofshares.Theemployeedoesnothavetopayincometaxonanygainsmadeontheexerciseoftheoptiontobuyshares,thoughtheremaybealiabilitytocapitalgainstaxifthesharesaresoldandtheresultinggainscausethatparticularemployee’slevelofcapitalgainsliabilitytoexceedtheannualexemptamount.EmployeesdonotautomaticallyhavetopayCapitalGainsTaxasaconsequenceparticipatinginshare-savescheme.28.Staffmonitoringisaparticularlyissueformanagers–theonlykindofstaffmonitoringsubjecttoregulationiswhereoneindividualwatchesanother.Onceanyrecordingstarts,evenifitismanual,monitoringissubjecttotheDataProtectionAct–employeesneedtobetoldaboutmonitoringtakesplaceandwhy.Theinformationgatheredhastobekeptsecure,andaffectedstaffshavetherighttoseeinformationrelatedtothem.Whilstaperson’sconsentisnotrequired,heorshemustbeconsultedabouttheprocessingofpersonalinformation(monitoringdataisconstruedas“personal”),andmonitoringpracticesmustnotcauseunnecessarystress.However,covertmonitoringwithoutconsultationmaybeused,butonlyinparticularlyseriouscircumstances,suchaswhenastaffmemberissuspectedofdishonest.Insuchacase,thecovertsurveillance(e.g.hiddencameras)mustbeintargetedareasandattimeswhenthedishonestbehaviorisexpected-anyotherinformationmustbedisregarded.ItisnotpossibletoavoidtheDataProtectionActwhenmonitoringstaff.Managersfinditdifficulttojustifytheuseofcovertmonitoringprocedures.Anyemployeeinabuildingwheremonitoringistakingplacemayseeallofthecollected.29.Withoutexception,livingnon-human29.Withoutexception,livingnon-humanprimateshabituallymorearoundonallfours,quadrupedally,whentheyareontheground.Scientistsgenerallyassumethereforethatthelastcommonancestorofhumansandchimpanzees(ourclosestlivingrelative)wasalsoaquadrupted.Exactlywhenthelastcommonancestorlivedisunknown,butclearindicationsofbipedalism,thetraitthatdistinguishesancienthumansfromotherapes,areevidentintheoldestknownspeciesofAustralopithecus,whichlivedinAfricaroughlyfourmillionsyearsBipedalapesaremoreevolutionarilyadvantagedthanquadrupedalones.BipedalismisthemaintraitthatdistinguishesancienthumansfromAustralopithecus.Australopithecusisascloselyrelatedtoancientmanastothechimpanzee.F30.Anewcomputerprogramcantellwhetherabookwaswrittenbyamanorawoman.simplescanofkeywordsandsyntaxisabout80%accurateonbothfictionandnon-fiction.Theprogram’ssuccessseemstoconfirmthestereotypicalperceptionofdifferencesinmaleandfemalelanguageuse.Crudelyput,mentalkmoreaboutobjectsandwomenmoreaboutFemalewritersusemorepronouns(I,you,she,myself),whilstmalespreferwordsidentifyordeterminenouns(a,the,that)andwordsthatquantifythem(one,two,more).Thesedifferingstyleshavepreviouslybeencalled“involved”and“informational”,Thealgorithmwithintheprogramwasinitiallytrainedonafewtestcasestoidentifytheprevalentfingerprintsofgenderandoffictionandnon-fiction.Thealgorithmcannowbefocusedonnewbodiesoftext.Strikingly,thedistinctionsbetweenmaleandfemalewritersaremuchthesameasthosethat,evenmoreclearly,differentiatenonfiction-andfiction.Theprogramcantellthesetwogenresapartwith98%accuracy.Womenaremorelikelythanmentoadoptan“informational”styleofwrittencommunication.Theprogramismoreaccurateatidentifyingthegenderofthewriterthenthefictionnon-fictioncontentofthepassage.muchemphasisontheperiodofextremetransformationanddevelopmentundergonebythecompany.throughaturbulentsixmonths,andsubsequentbenefitsthatwerebeingreaped,suchasasteadygrowthoftheSandfordbrandsinthemarketplace.Whilstrecognizingthatthetakeoverhadbeenundertakenasawayofincreasingmarketshare,ratherthanimprovingefficiency,theannouncementmademuchofthesubstantialyetsomewhatunintendedcostreductionsthathadtakenplace.ThiswasexplainedbytheswiftintroductionofSPX’scomputersystemswhichpermittedaGroupheadcountcutandalsothesublettingofsurplusofficespace.ThetimesincetakeoverhasnotalwaysbeeneasyforSandford.T(sixTheperformanceoftheSandfordbrandswaspoorpriortothetakeover.32.Totals