Module4GreatScientistsGrammar1.Learnthepassivevoiceandtheformby+-ing.2.Mastertheusageofpassivevoiceandtheformby+-ing.Completethesentencesusingtheverbsinbrackets.Asaboyhe____________(educate)inmanyschools.He__________(give)thenickname,“thestudentwhoasksquestions”.3.Theresultsofhisexperiments_____________(publish)inChinain1966.4.Finally,in1970anatuallysterilemalericeplant_____________(discover).5.50thousandsquarekilometresofricefields______________(convert)togrowingvegetables.6.Followingthis,YuanLongping’srice____________(export)toothercountries.waseducatedwasgivenwerepublishedwasdiscoveredwereconvertedwasexportedGrammar1PassiveVoice一、被動語態被動語態表示主語為動作的承受者，只有及物動詞才有被動語態，被動語態由“be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。Observation:1．各種時態的被動語態的構成(1)一般現在時被動語態Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.刀子是用來切東西的。ArecorderisusedinourEnglishclasseveryday.一般現在時：S(主語）+am/is/are+過去分詞(2)一般過去時被動語態Anewshopwasbuiltlastyear.去年建起了一家新商店。Tencomputerswereboughtlastterm.一般過去時：S+was/were+過去分詞(3)一般將來時被動語態Moretreeswillbeplantednextyear.明年要栽更多的樹。Theworkwillbefinishedintendays.一般將來時：S+will+be+過去分詞(4)現在進行時被動語態Mywatchisbeingrepairedbyhim.我的表正在由他修理。Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.現在進行時：

S+am/is/are+being+過去分詞(5)過去進行時被動語態：Themanwasbeingquestionedbythepolice.那個人正在被警察問訊。過去進行時:S+was/were＋being＋done(6)現在完成時被動語態：Alltheworkhasbeendonenow.所有的工作現在都做好了?，F在完成時:S+has/havebeen＋done(7)過去完成時被動語態：Theyhadbeenwarnedmanytimesbeforetheycarriedouttheplan.在執行計劃之前他們已經被警告過多次了。過去完成時:S+hadbeen＋done(8)將來完成時被動語態：Thisoilfieldwillhavebeenopenedbytheendofnextmonth.到下個月月底，這塊油田將會被開采。將來完成時:will/shallhavebeendone(9)含有情態動詞的被動語態：Somethingmustbedonetostoptheseaccidents.必須采取某種措施以防止這些事故。含有情態動詞:S+情態動詞＋be＋done現在時過去時將來時過去將來時一般式+done+done+doneshould/would+bedone進行式+done+done完成式+done+donewill/shall+havebeendoneshould/would+havebeendoneam/is/arewas/werewillbeam/is/are+beingwas/were+beinghave/hasbeen

hadbeen被動語態的時態變化Observation：Arethereanydifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?give,show,hand,send,pay,lend,pass,tell,write,bring,sell,offer,cause,wish,teach,buy等常接雙賓語,變被動語態時應考慮加上介詞for或to。Hetoldheralongstory.

She

alongstory.

Alongstory

her.Motherboughtmeanewcoat.

I

anewcoat.

Anewcoat

me.wastoldwastoldtowasboughtwasboughtfor主語+系動詞+adj.構成主系表結構，主動表被動。某些和well,easily等副詞連用的不及物動詞,如read,wash,sell,clean,cook,close,cost,lock,look,open,write,wear等，常用主動表被動。

1.Theflowers

sweet.(smell)

2.Thefood

nice.(taste)

3.That

verygood.(sound)

4.Silk

soft.(feel)

5.Thecloth

well.(wash)

6.Thepoem

smoothly.(read)

7.Thiskindofrice

morequicklythanthatkind.(cook)

8.Thisbook

well.(sell)smelltastessoundsfeelswashesreadscookssells3.want,need,require

等表示“需要”這層意思時，其后要用動名詞的主動形式表達被動的意義。即want/need/requiredoing=want/need/requiretobedone.Theflowersneed

.=Theflowersneed

.這些花需要澆水。Thebabyrequires

.=Thebabyrequires

.這個小孩需要照顧。4.beworthdoing表示“值得做……”時，其后的動名詞用主動形式表達被動的意義。

Theartexhibition

asecondtime.這個藝術展很值得再看一次。wateringtobewateredlookingaftertobelookedafteriswellworthvisiting

介詞“by”與名詞，代詞或動詞-ing連用，在句中作狀語。用法例句by與名詞、代詞連用，譯為“被……”，常用于被動語態動詞之后，引出動作的發出者by與動詞-ing連用，譯為“通過……”。表示某種方式Grammar2by+-ingformThesnowwasclearedawaybythestudents.Iwasattackedbyadog.Hecouldproducemorericebycrossingtwodifferentplants.Youcangetintouchwithher

ane-mail.你可以發電子郵件和她取得聯系。YoucanimproveyourEnglish

aloudinthemorning.你可以通過早上大聲朗讀的方式來提高英語水平。注意:by表示方式時，后面也可跟名詞作賓語，但該名詞前通常不用冠詞。Canyoucontacther

?你能通過電話與她取得聯系嗎？Youmaypay___________.你可以用支票付款。bysendingbyreading

bytelephonebycheque1.Thepassivevoice2.Theby+v.-ingformCompletethesentencesusingtheverbsgiven.discoverproducegrowmake

1.Thesecomputers_____________inAmerica.

2.Rice_______________inChinaforthousandsofyears.

3.Theseelectronicgames_______________inJapan.

4.Anew