UNIT1

SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSPeriodThree

UsingLanguage課前自主預習Ⅰ．猜詞意A．改變；轉換；輪班；轉移；挪動；轉向B．弱點；過錯C．優秀的；杰出的；明顯的D．陰影；影子；背光處E．抽象的；理性的；(文獻等的)摘要1．Thesunshonethroughtheleaves,castingshadowsonthelawn. (

)2．Hisoutstandingabilityearnedhimaplaceontheteam. (

)3．Hereadthroughthepapersandmadeanabstractoftheircontents. (

)4．Heisproudofhischildrenandblindtotheirfaults.(

)5．Sheshiftedherweightfromonefoottotheother. (

)【答案】1．D

2．C

3．E

4．B

5．A

Ⅱ．猜單詞拼寫

1．defendvt.→__________

n.防御；保護；防衛(參考：offend→offence)

2．assistantn.→__________

n.幫助；援助；支持【答案】1．defence

2．assistance

3．giftedadj.→__________

n.禮物；天賦(參考：talented→talent)

4．steadyadj.→__________

adv.穩定地；堅定地；堅固地(參考：happy→happily)

【答案】3．gift

4．steadily

Ⅲ．預備寫作素材

1．He________________onNov.13,1968．(出生在中國)

2．Hewasagreatman_______________FatherofChineseChips.(有……之名)

3．Hewasborninto_______________.(一個貧窮的家庭)

【答案】1．wasborninChina

2．withthenameof

3．apoorfamily

4．Hestudiedatalocalhighschooland__________________.(畢業于北京大學)

5．Heissuch_______________thatwealladmirehim.(一個有學問的人)

6．Hedevoted_________________.(他把一生都獻給了工作)

【答案】4．graduatedfromPekingUniversity

5．alearnedperson

6．allhislifetothework

7．He_______________ourcountry.(做出了巨大的貢獻)

8．Hewas______________bymanypeople.(被高度評價)

9．Hewilllive_____________usforever.(在……心中)

10．Hedevoteshimselfto________________.(實現他的人生目標)

【答案】7．madegreatcontributionsto

8．highlythoughtof

9．intheheartsof

10．achievinghislifegoal

課文語篇研讀Ⅰ．閱讀課文，判斷信息正誤

(

)1．BorninBeijingin1911,QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.(

)2．QianwenttotheUnitedStatesin1935topursuehisgraduatestudies.(

)3．AfterovercomingsomedifficultiesduringhisfinalfewyearsintheUS，QianreturnedtoChinain1955．【答案】1－3

FTT

(

)4．Whenhewasasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？”Qian’sreplywasyes.(

)5．StephenHawkingwasthemostfamousandgiftedscientistinphysics.(

)6．StephenHawkingisbrilliant，brave,determined，althoughsometimeshewascareless.【答案】4－6

TFT

Ⅱ．閱讀課文，選擇正確選項

(

)1．HowoldwasQianXuesenwhenChinasuccessfullylauncheditsfirstman-madesatellite?A．49yearsold. B．59yearsold.C．69yearsold. D．79yearsold.【答案】B(

)2．Whatcanwecanlearnfromthepassage?A．Chinawasingreatneedofscientistsinthe1950s.B．QianXuesenwasnotwelcomeintheUnitedStates.C．ArtnevergaveQianXueseninspirationinhisresearch.D．QianXuesunhadnothingtodowithShenzhouspacecrafts.【答案】A(

)3．Hawkingfirstgothisfameby________.A．usingthecomputersandwheelchair

B．graduatingfromCambridgeUniversity

C．pointingoutaprofessor’smathsmistake

D．doinghisownworkonthebigbangtheory

【答案】D(

)4．FromthesecondtextweknowthenatureofHawking’sbeing________.A．braveandcareful

B．determinedandbrilliantC．carelessanddisabled

D．learnedandhumorous

【答案】B(

)5．Wheredoesthistextof“AWORLDOFPURETHOUGHT”probablycomefrom?A．Amedicaljourney.B．Atouristbrochure.C．Asciencetextbook.D．Anagriculturalmagazine.【答案】C

Ⅲ．課文語法填空

WhenQianXuesenwasyoung,herealisedChinaneededairforce1．__________(defend)thecountry,sohewenttoAmericatostudyaviation.Asagraduate2．__________(assist)ataninstitute,hehelpedconductimportantresearchintorocketpropulsion.Finally,hebecameapioneerinjetandrockettechnology.【答案】1．todefend

2．assistant

3．__________QianXuesenreturnedtoChinain1995,hewasput4．__________chargeofdevelopingChina’srocketscience,spaceandmissileprogramme.Underhisleadership,Chinamade5．________(outstand)progressinrockets,missilesandman-madesatellites.Becauseofthis,heearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.【答案】3．When

4．in

5．outstanding

StephenHawkingwasa6．__________(gift)scientist.Sincehecame7．____________withadiseasecausinghimunabletowalkorspeak,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.Therewasatheoryontheoriginoftheuniverseexplainingtheuniverse8．______(begin)atasinglepointintimeandspace.【答案】6．gifted

7．down

8．began

Hisownworkonthebigbangtheorywasprovenbyastronomerswith9．__________(telescope)andanewstarwasborn.Hewasbrilliant,braveanddetermined.Andhewaswillingtoadmithisfaults.This10．________(combine)ofhischaracteristicsmadehimoneofthegreatestthinkersofmoderntimes.【答案】9．telescopes

10．combination

課堂新知講練1．pourvt.倒出；傾瀉；斟(飲料)

(P7)Anon-Newtonianfluidisstrangebecauseyoucanpouritlikealiquid,butifyouputanypressureonit,itsuddenlybecomeshardasconcrete.【翻譯】非牛頓流體很奇怪，因為你可以像液體一樣倒它，但如果你對它施加任何壓力，它會突然變得像混凝土一樣硬。

詞匯拓講【用法詳解】Thecrowdsuddenlypouredintothestore.人群突然涌進商店。Hewassoworriedthatsweatbegantopourdownhisface.他太擔心了，汗水從臉上淌下來。【針對練習】

單句語法填空(1)Ipouredthemilkfromthebottle______thecups.(2)Aftertheconferencethepeoplepoured__________incrowds.(3)Weweresailingontheseawhenitsuddenlypoured________.【答案】(1)into

(2)out

(3)down

2．breakout(戰爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發

(P7)However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.【翻譯】然而，1932年淞滬戰役爆發后，錢學森決定轉到航空專業，因為他意識到中國需要自己強大的空軍來保護和保衛國家?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?/p>

Ourcarbrokedownandwehadtodrawittoagarage.我們的車壞了，我們不得不把它拖到修車廠去。Itwasmoneytroublethatbrokeuptheirmarriage.錢的問題使他們的婚姻破裂了?！踞槍毩暋?/p>

完成句子(1)TheSecondWorldWar__________inSeptember,1939．第二次世界大戰于1939年9月爆發。(2)Wehadto___________________aswehadlostthekey.我們把鑰匙弄丟了，不得不破門而入。(3)Don’t_________________whenheistellingthestory.他講故事的時候不要打斷他。【答案】(1)brokeout

(2)breakintothehouse

(3)breakin

3．defendvt.保衛；防守；辯解

(P7)However,aftertheSonghuBattlebrokeoutin1932,QianmadethedecisiontoswitchhismajortoaviationbecauseherealisedthatChinaneededitsownpowerfulairforcetoprotectanddefendthecountry.【翻譯】然而，1932年淞滬戰役爆發后，錢學森決定轉到航空專業，因為他意識到中國需要自己強大的空軍來保護和保衛國家。(1)defend…from/against(doing)…保護……免受……

defendoneselfagainststh. 保護自己不受……；為自己辯護(2)defencen.防御；辯護；保衛defensiveadj.防御性的；自我保護的

【用法詳解】Thedamwasbuilttodefendtheroadfrombeingwashedawaybythesea.修建水壩是為了保護公路不被海水沖毀?！踞槍毩暋?/p>

單句語法填空(1)Thefortcannotbedefended________anairattack.(2)Liketheirchildren,parentsareoften________(defend)abouttheirprivatelives.【答案】(1)against/from

(2)defensive

完成句子(3)Allthepolicemenhavebeentrainedto________thesuddenattacks.所有的警察都受過防御突然襲擊的訓練。【答案】(3)defendthemselvesagainst/from4．inchargeof主管；掌管

(P8)Hereceivedahero’swelcomefromhishomelandandwasputinchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.【翻譯】他在祖國受到了英雄般的歡迎，并被任命不僅負責發展中國的火箭科學，而且還負責中國太空和導彈計劃。(1)chargen.費用；主管；vt.&vi.收費；控訴；充電(2)chargesb.forsth.為某物向某人收取費用chargesb.withsth.控告某人某事(3)takechargeof掌管；負責inthechargeofsb.受某人的管理

【用法詳解】ThecolumnofthenewspaperisinthechargeofMrGreen.報紙的專欄由格林先生負責?！菊Z境串記】

Themaninchargeof/takingchargeoftheactivitysaidthattheticketswerefreeofcharge.Inotherwords,theywouldn’tchargeusforthetickets.負責這項活動的人說門票是免費的。換句話說，他們不會向我們收取門票費用。【針對練習】

完成句子(1)Aslongasyou’vepaidinadvancewewon’t____________________delivery.只要你預先付款，我們就不收運費?！敬鸢浮?1)chargeyoufor

(2)Theman_________________thecompanywascharged________spreadingrumorsontheInternet.掌管這家公司的那個人被指控在網上散布謠言。(3)Aweeklater,Ivolunteered_________________Englishstudyinmyclass.一周后，我自愿負責班級里的英語學習?！敬鸢浮?2)inchargeof;with

(3)totakechargeof

5．tracevt.追溯；追蹤；查出

n.痕跡；遺跡；蹤跡

(P8)BecausemuchofthetechnologybehindtheShenzhouspacecraftscanalsobetracedbacktoQian’sresearch,Qianearnedthenameof“thefatherofChina’saerospace”.【翻譯】由于神舟飛船背后的許多技術都可以追溯到錢學森的研究，錢學森贏得了“中國航天之父”的稱號。tracebackto…

追溯到……

trace…to…

追查……到……

【用法詳解】Theburglarhadleftseveraltracesofhispresence.竊賊留下了他出現過的幾處痕跡。【針對練習】

單句語法填空(1)Atlastthenoisewastraced________afaultinthepipes.(2)Hisfatherclaimstobeabletotracethefamilyback________manycenturiesago.(3)Thesequotationscannotreadily________(trace)totheirsources.【答案】(1)to

(2)to

(3)betraced

6．giftedadj.有天賦的；有天才的；天資聰慧的

(P8)StephenHawkingwasoneofthemostfamousandgiftedscientistsinphysics.【翻譯】斯蒂芬·霍金是物理學中最著名且最有天賦的科學家之一。begiftedwith…

有……天賦；天生就……

agifteddancer/musician天才舞蹈演員/音樂家haveagiftfor…

對……有天賦

【用法詳解】Heisgiftedwiththeabilitytounderstandadiverserangeofpeopleandtheircultures.他有能力理解各種各樣的人和他們的文化。【針對練習】

單句語法填空(1)Manistheonlycreaturethatisgifted________speech.(2)Ibelievemyfatherisa__________(gift)man.【答案】(1)with

(2)gifted

完成句子(3)Yourcookingisamazingandyoureally_____________food.你的廚藝太棒了，你對食物真的很有天賦。(4)Eachpersonisspecialand____________uniquetalents.每個人都是特殊的，都有獨特的才能?！敬鸢浮?3)haveagift/talentfor

(4)isgiftedwith7．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)

(P8)Sincehecamedownwithadiseasewhichcausedhimtolosetheuseofmostofhismuscles,hisworldbecameoneofabstractthought.【翻譯】自從他得了一種病，使他的大部分肌肉無法活動，他的世界就變成了一個抽象的思想世界?！居梅ㄔ斀狻?/p>

Theplanecamedownsafelydespitethemist.盡管有霧，飛機還是安全降落了。ThewholeweekendwassowonderfulthatIhaven’tcomedownyet.整個周末過得這么精彩，我到現在還沒有平靜下來?！踞槍毩暋?/p>

單句語法填空(1)Iwatchedthearchaeologistscome__________intothevalley.(2)Isthisyournecklace,Mary？Icame__________itwhenIwascleaningthebathroomthismorning.(3)Ihopeyoucancomeup__________abetterplanthanthis.【答案】(1)down

(2)across

(3)with

完成句子(4)It’salready10o’clock.Iwonder_____________________thatsheistwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.已經10點了。我不知道她怎么會在這么短的路程上晚了兩個小時。【答案】(4)howitcomeabout

8．besidesprep.除……之外(還)

adv.而且；此外

(P9)Besidesbeingbrilliant,hewasbrave,thoughsometimescarelessinwhathesaidordid.【翻譯】除了才華橫溢之外，他還很勇敢，盡管有時言行舉止隨意。besideprep.在旁邊；除……之外(還)

adv.而且；此外表示“此外”的詞和短語還有furthermore,inaddition,what’smore?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縃ehadotherpeopletotakecareofbesidesme.除了我之外，他還有其他人需要照顧?！驹~語辨析】

詞語用法besides表示一種累加關系，意思是“除了……之外還有……”except表示一種排除關系，意思是“除了……之外”exceptfor表示從整體中排除部分，意思是“除……之外”，所排除的情況往往不影響整體或大局詞語用法exceptthat/

when/where后面要接從句，表示“除了……之外”apartfrom表示“除了……之外”，與except用法相似；還有可作“除了……之外(還有)，此外”講時，相當于inadditionto或besidesbut作介詞用時，意思是“除……之外”，相當于except，通常與no,all,nobody,everything等連用Hisperformancewasverygoodexceptforasmallfault.除了一個小錯誤，他的表演很好。Apartfromsomespellingmistakes,thecompositionisfairlygood.除了幾處拼寫錯誤外，這篇作文還算不錯。Bicyclingisgoodexercises;besides,itdoesnotpollutetheair.騎自行車是很好的運動；此外，它不污染空氣?！踞槍毩暋?/p>

選用besides,except,exceptfor,exceptthat,apartfrom,but填空(1)Thereweremorebottlesofbeer____________thetwohegaveus.(2)__________,thesweaterismadeofpurewool.Verysoft!

【答案】(1)besides/apartfrom

(2)Besides

(3)Iknownothingabouthim____________helivesnextdoor.(4)I’vefinishedallmyhomework________thelastquestion.(5)Ihavenothingtodo__________wait.【答案】(3)exceptthat

(4)apartfrom/except

(5)but

9．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是

(P9)Aboveall,Hawkingwaswillingtoadmithisfaults.【翻譯】最重要的是，霍金愿意承認自己的錯誤。aboveall最重要的是；首先allinall總而言之afterall畢竟；終究；歸根結底atall完全；全然；究竟；竟然firstofall首先inall總計；總的說來

【用法詳解】Iwouldliketobuyahouse—modern,comfortable,andaboveallinaquietplace.我想買一棟房子——現代化、舒適，最重要的是要在一個安靜的地方。Althoughtheyhaddifficulties,Iheardtheyhavesucceededafterall.雖然他們有困難，但我聽說他們還是成功了。【針對練習】

單句語法填空(1)Thegirlwasanxiousandbegantotremble.________all,itwasthefirsttimethatshehadbeenonthestage.(2)Tomakemembersofateamperformbetter,thetrainerfirst________allhastoknowtheirstrengthsandweaknesses.【答案】(1)After

(2)of

完成句子(3)__________，whatyouhaddonedidannoyhimgreatly.總而言之，你所做的事確實使他很生氣。(4)Hevisited,_____________,fifteengalleriesinChina.他總共參觀了中國的15家畫廊。【答案】(3)Allinall

(4)inall

1．(P8)Whenasked“CanweChinesepossiblymakemissiles？”，hisreplywasadetermined“Whynot？WeChineseareabletomakethesamethingsthatotherpeoplemake.”

【翻譯】當被問到“我們中國人能制造導彈嗎？”，他堅決地回答：“為什么不呢？別人能做的東西，我們中國人同樣能做?！?/p>

句式解讀【句式剖析】

這里的“Whenasked”是一個省略結構，相當于“Whenhewasasked…”。在使用時間、地點、條件、讓步或原因等之類的狀語從句時，如果其中謂語部分含有be的任何一種形式，且主語與主句的主語相一致或主語為it時，為避免重復，?？梢允÷詮木涞闹髡Z和be。這種現象稱為狀語從句的省略?！練w納拓展】If(itis)possible,hewillhelpyououtofthedifficulty.如果可能的話，他會幫你擺脫困境?！踞槍毩暋?/p>

單句語法填空(1)Unless________(invite),hewillnotcomebacktothecompany.(2)After________(complete),theairportwillhaveabove50%plantscoverage.【答案】(1)invited

(2)completed

句型轉換(3)Whenshewasveryyoung，shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.→________,shebegantolearn

toplaythepiano.【答案】(3)Whenveryyoung

2．(P8)UnderQian’sleadership,ChinadevelopedtheDongfengmissiles,followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets.【翻譯】在錢學森的領導下，中國發展了“東風”導彈，接著是第一代長征火箭?！揪涫狡饰觥?/p>

句中“followedbythefirstgenerationofLongMarchrockets”是過去分詞作定語，修飾“theDongfengmissiles”。非謂語動詞作定語(1)現在分詞作定語現在分詞的主動式作定語與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，表示該動作的主動和進行?，F在分詞的被動式作定語時，與所修飾名詞之間存在邏輯上的動賓關系，表示該動作正在被執行?！練w納拓展】(2)過去分詞作定語過去分詞作定語時，與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上存在動賓關系，表示該動作的被動或完成。(3)不定式作定語①不定式作定語時，通常放在所修飾詞之后，表示將來的動作。不定式與其所修飾的詞之間往往是動賓關系，若該不定式是不及物動詞，則其后應有必要的介詞。②被修飾的名詞是抽象名詞時，用不定式作定語，常見的抽象名詞：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。③thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thenext，theonly等作名詞或者它們作形容詞修飾名詞或代詞時，常用不定式作定語。Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56million.今年年初，居住在意大利的外國人數量達到了456萬。【針對練習】

單句語法填空(1)Inartcriticism,youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage__________(hide)withinthework.(2)Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution,I’dlikeyoutolookatastudy__________(conduct)inAustraliain2012．【答案】(1)hidden

(2)conducted

(3)AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse__________(appoint)toguardher.(4)MrsWhiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps__________(borrow)fromthelibrary.(5)Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,________(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.【答案】(3)appointed

(4)borrowed

(5)ranging

隨堂知能小練Ⅰ．單句語法填空

1．Whenthewindshiftedfromsouth________north,itbegantogetcold.2．Heisa________(gift)pianistwhohasbeenworkinghardtoimprovehimself.3．Theexportsare________(steady)increasingyearbyyear.【答案】1．to

2．gifted

3．steadily

4．Youshouldmake________abstractofwhattheprofessorsays.5．CouldIspeaktowhoeveris________chargeofInternationalSales,please?6．Thechildrenwerehavingfun,chasingeachother’s________(shadow).【答案】4．an

5．in

6．shadows

7．Thedreamwassovivid_____hefelthimselftobeawake.8．Derart