專業英語八級（聽力）模擬試卷364(題后含答案及解析)題型有：1.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.聽力原文：Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsGoodmorning,everybody.Today’slectureisaboutAbrahamMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Thisseemslikeapsychologicaltopic.Actually,itissomethingpsychological.AbrahamMaslowisapsychologist,andhe’sespeciallyknownforhistheoryofhumanneeds.OK,firstofall,whatisaneed?Here,wecansimplydefineitasapersonalrequirement.Maslowbelievedthathumansare“wanting”beingswhoseektofulfillavarietyofneeds.Accordingtohistheory,theseneedscanbearrangedinanorderaccordingtotheirimportance.ItisthisorderthathasbecomeknownasMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Inthishierarchyofneeds,atthemostbasiclevelarephysiologicalneeds.Fundamentally,humansarejustonespeciesofanimal.Weneedtokeepourselvesalive.Physiologicalneedsarewhatwerequireforsurvival.Theseneedsincludefoodandwater,shelter,andsleep.Atthislevel,forushumans,Maslowalsoincludestheneedforclothing.Howaretheseneedsusuallysatisfied?Itismainlythroughadequatewages.Then,whatisthenextlevelofneeds?Atthenextlevelaresafetyneeds,thethingswerequireforphysicalandemotionalsecurity.Physicalsecurityiseasytounderstand.Everybodyneedstokeephisbodysafefrominjury,illness,etc.Then,whatisemotionalsecurity?Well,that’smaybethepointinthishierarchyofneedswherehumansbegintodifferfromotheranimals.Wearethinkinganimals.Wehaveworries.WhatifIlostmyjob?WhatifIwerestruckdownbyaseveredisease?Besidesphysicalsecurity,weneedtothinkwearesafefrommisfortunesbothnowandintheforeseeablefuture.Howcantheseneedsbemetthen?AccordingtoMaslow,safetyneedsmaybesatisfiedthroughjobsecurity,healthinsurance,pensionplans,andsafeworkingconditions.Afterthisstagecomethelevelsofneedsthatareparticulartohumanbeings.Theimmediatelyfollowinglevelsarethesocialneeds.Underthiscategory,Maslowputsourrequirementsforloveandaffectionandasenseofbelonging.Weneedtobeloved.Weneedtobelongtoagroup,notjustthefamily,inwhichwecansharewithothersacommoninterest.InMaslow’sview,theseneedscanbesatisfiedthroughtheworkenvironmentandsomeinformalorganizations.Certainly,wealsoneedsocialrelationshipsbeyondtheworkplace,forexample,withfamilyandfriends.Next,thelevelofesteemneeds.Whatareesteemneedsthen?Theyincludeboththeneedofself-esteemandtheneedofesteemofothers.Self-esteemisasenseofourownachievementsandworth.Weneedtobelievethatwearesuccessful,wearenoworse,ifnobetter,thanothers.Theesteemofothersistherespectandrecognitionwegainfromotherpeople,eitherthroughworkorouractivitiesinothersocialgroups.Thewaystosatisfyesteemneedsincludepersonalmotiontomoreresponsiblejobs,varioushonorsandawards,andotherformsofrecognition.Whatfollowsisthetoplevelofthishierarchyofneeds.Thesearetheself-realizationneeds.Inotherwords,theyaretheneedstogrowanddevelopaspeople,theneedstobecomeallthatwearecapableofbeing.Theyarethemostdifficultneedstosatisfy.Whetheronecanachievethislevelornotperhapsdetermineswhetheronecanbeagreatmanorjustanordinaryman.Ofcourse,itdependsondifferentpeople.Themeansofsatisfyingthemtendtovarygreatlywiththeindividual.Forsomepeople,learninganewskill,startinganewcareerafterretirementcouldquitewellsatisfytheirself-realizationneeds.Wellforotherpeople,itcouldbebecoming“thebestthereis”incertainareas:itcouldbebecomingthePresidentoftheIBM.Anyway,being“great”orordinaryiswhatothersthink,whileself-realizationislargelyindividual.Maslowsuggestedthatpeopleworktosatisfytheirphysiologicalneedsfirst,thentheirsafetyneeds,andsoonupthe“needsladder.”Ingeneral,theyaremotivatedbytheneedsatthelowestlevelthatremainunsatisfied.However,needsatoneleveldonothavetobecompletelysatisfiedbeforeneedsatthenexthigherlevelcomeintoplay.Ifthemajorityofaperson’sphysiologicalandsafetyneedsaresatisfied,thatpersonwillbemotivatedprimarilybysocialneeds.Butanyphysiologicalandsafetyneedsthatremainunsatisfiedwillkeepplayinganimportantrole.OK,that’sthegeneralpictureofMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Justtosumup,I’vebrieflyintroducedtoyouMaslow’stheory.Maslowthinkstherearefivekindsofhumanneeds,witheachonebeingmoreimportantthantheprecedingone.Ihopethatyou’vefoundhisideasinteresting.Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T1】______.【T1】______Physiologicalneeds:themost【T2】______onesforsurvival.They【T2】______includesuchneedsasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewayto【T3】______theseneeds.【T3】______【T4】______needs:needsfora)physicalsecurity:【T4】______b)【T5】______security.【T5】______Theformermeansno【T6】______,whilethelatterisconcernedwith【T6】______freedomfrom【T7】______,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemet【T7】______throughavarietyofmeans,e.g.jobsecurity,【T8】______plans,and【T8】______safeworkingconditions.Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfora)【T9】______:【T9】______b)asenseofbelonging.Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:a)formationofrelationshipsatworkplace:b)formationofrelationshipsoutsideworkplace.Esteemneeds:a)self-esteemi.e.one’ssenseofachievementb)esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultofone’s【T10】______.【T10】______Theseneedscanbefulfilledby【T11】______,etc.【T11】______Self-realizationneeds:needstorealizeone’spotential.Waystorealizetheseneedsareindividually【T12】______.【T12】______Featuresofthehierarchyofneeds:a)Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareexclusively【T13】______needs.【T13】______b)Needsaresatisfiedinafixedorderfromthebottomup.c)【T14】______forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metlevel.【T14】______d)Differentlevelsofneedsmay【T15】______whentheycome【T15】______intoplay.1．【T1】正確答案：importance解析：跟據馬斯洛的理論，人類的需要是按照他們重要性的順序來分類的，原文中此處的表達是accordingtotheirimportance，所以空格處填入importance或者theirimportance。知識模塊：聽力2．【T2】正確答案：basic／／fundamental解析：原文在談到physiologicalneeds時說到“在人的需要層次中，生理需要是最基本的層次。”因此這里應該填basic或者填它的同義詞fundamental。本句介紹5種需要中的第一種，有最高級themost修飾，basic為此句的要點，應在筆記中記下。即使此詞未能記下，也可根據上文(inorderofimportance)和句意將此空填出。知識模塊：聽力3．【T3】正確答案：satisfy解析：在談到生理需要時，錄音提到，這些需要通常是如何被滿足的呢，主要是通過足夠的工資，原文中是被動句，用了satisfied，空格處為主動用法，所以答案為satisfy。知識模塊：聽力4．【T4】正確答案：Safety解析：根據原文，第二個層次的需求是對安全的需要，原文中提到Atthenextlevelaresafetyneeds。因此這里應該填入Safety。注意S要大寫。知識模塊：聽力5．【T5】正確答案：emotional／／mental解析：根據原文，對安全的需要包括“身體安全”和“情感安全”的需求，因此這里應該填入emotional。原文在談到safetyneeds時提到2種安全需要，physicalsecurity和emotionalsecurity，后文緊接著對這2種安全需要予以解釋。這些要點應當記錄下來。考生也可依據physicalsecurity推導出與其對應的“精神安全”。知識模塊：聽力6．【T6】正確答案：illnessorinjury解析：身體上的安全很容易理解，每個人都需要使身體免受傷害以及疾病等等，theformer指的是physicalsecurity．所以答案為原文中from之后的injury，illness，etc．也可以為同義表達illnessorinjury。知識模塊：聽力7．【T7】正確答案：worries／／worry／／diseases／／uneasiness／／illness／／unhappiness／／pressure／／anxiety(ies)／／sadness／／misery(ies)／／predicament解析：在解釋情感需求的時候，原文提到：“我們有各種擔心，要是我丟掉了工作該怎么辦?要是我突然病了怎么辦?”因此這里應該填入worries。錄音原文提到了worries和disease，除此之外，考生可依靠常識和試題中的關鍵詞(misfortunes)填入一個合適的同義、近義詞。知識模塊：聽力8．【T8】正確答案：pension／／insurance／／retirement解析：原文在談到如何滿足對安全的需求時提到，“馬斯洛認為，安全需求可以通過安穩的工作、健康保險、養老計劃和安全的工作條件等來得到滿足”，因此這里應填入pension。知識模塊：聽力9．【T9】正確答案：loveandaffection解析：在社會需要方面，人類有愛和喜愛的要求，所以答案為loveandaffection。知識模塊：聽力10．【T10】正確答案：performance／／work／／activities／／success／／achievement(s)／／effort解析：原文談到“尊重的需要”時提到：“他人的尊重指我們在別的社會群體中的工作或者行動得到別人的尊敬和認可。”因此這里應填入work或activities。還可根據句意填入其他詞，即別人對自己的尊重是因為自己的工作表現、業績、成功等等。知識模塊：聽力11．【T11】正確答案：achievement，promotion，honours解析：實現尊重的需要包括個人的成就，升到責任更重大的工作，許多獎勵，以及其他的實現形式，原文中列舉的項目比較多，空格處可以選幾項，答案為achievement，promotion，honours。知識模塊：聽力12．【T12】正確答案：different／／varied／／dissimilar解析：原文在談到自我實現的需求時提到：“這取決于不同的人，人們滿足自我實現需要的方法因人而異。”因此這里應該填入different或varied,dissimilar。知識模塊：聽力13．【T13】正確答案：human／／individual／／spiritual解析：短文說明了各種需要與人的關系，即：生理需要適用于包括人在內的一切動物；人與動物都有安全需要，但需要的內容已有不同；其他3類需要都僅僅是人類才有的需要。作者說這些需要是particulartohumanbeings，即是exclusivelyhumanneeds。也可根據social，esteem和self-realization判斷這些是精神層次的需要，獨為人類所特有，從而填入適當詞語。知識模塊：聽力14．【T14】正確答案：Motivation//Desire//Drive//Demand//Longing//Urge//Craving解析：原文指出：“總的來說，人們的動機來自他們未被滿足的最低層的需求。”因此這里應該填入Motivation，注意M要大寫。也可以填入它的近義詞。知識模塊：聽力15．【T15】正確答案：overlap／／meet／／mix／／co-exist／／interact／／combine／／concur解析：原文提到，不必等到某一層次的需求完全得到滿足，更高層次的需求就已發揮作用。因此這些需求是共同存在的，此處應該填co-exist或其同義詞。知識模塊：聽力SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesof[A],[B],[C]and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.聽力原文：M:Well,Iseefromyourresume,MissGreen,thatyoustudiedatUniversityCollege.Howdidyoufinditthere?W:Ihadagreattime.TheteachingtherewasgoodandImadealotoffriends.ThePsychologyDepartmentwasagreatplacetobe.M:Howcomeyouchosepsychology?W:Well,atfirstIdidn’thaveanyclearideaofwhatIwantedtodoafteruniversity.IguessI’vejustalwaysbeeninterestedinpeopleandthewaytheyact.Iwantedtoknowwhypeoplethinkandactthewaytheydo.It’safascinatingarea.M:Andwhatwasthecourselike?W:Good.Theteacherswereallreallyniceandtheyhadthisspecialapproachtoteaching.Youknowtheydidn’tjustgiveuslecturesandtellustoreadbooksliketheymightdoinsomemoretraditionalplaces.Thewholecoursewasbasedonaproblem-solvingapproach.Youknowthey’ddescribeaparticularsituationtousandwe’ddiscusswhatmighthappen.Andafterthatwedosomereadingandseeifitconfirmedourownideas.ThatiswhatIlikedbest:thereallypracticalorientationofthecourse.Ilearntverywellwiththatstyle,soformeitwasjustgreat.M:Iseefromyourresumethatyougraduatedaboutfouryearsagoandafterthatletmesee...W:IgotajobwiththeDepartmentofEmploymentItwasonlyatemporarythingforaboutfivemonths.Iwasaresearcherinthedepartment.Wedesignasurvey,goouttothefactoriesandaskallthequestionstotheworkersandthemanagement,thengobacktotheoffice,analyzeallthedataandproduceareport.ItwasquiteinterestingandIguessthepsychologycourseatcollegehelpedmealot.M:Andafterthatyouworkedforthreeyearsinanadvertisingagency.ThatmusthavebeenabitofchangefromtheDepartmentofEmployment,wasn’tit?W:Well,notreally.Isupposetheofficefurnishingswereabitmoresophisticatedbuttheworkwasquitesimilar.Iwasbasicallystilldoingthesamething:designingquestionnaires,goingout,askingquestionsandwritingreports.TheonlydifferencewasthatthistimeIwasn’taskingpeopleabouttheirwork.Iwasaskingthemwhatkindofshampoothey’dboughtandiftheypreferredbrandXtobrandY.ThenI’dmakeupareportandtheagencywouldusetheinformationintheiradvertisingcampaigns.Ienjoyedmyworkalot.1.WhatdowelearnaboutMissGreen’suniversitydays?2.WhydidMissGreenchoosepsychology?3.WhatdidMissGreenthinkofthepsychologycourse?4.What’sNOTpartofherjobwiththeDepartmentofEmployment?5.AccordingtoMissGreen,what’sthemaindifferencebetweentheDepartmentofEmploymentandtheadvertisingagency?16．A．Shefeltbored.B．Shefeltlonely.C．Shecherishedthem.D．Thesubjectwaseasy.正確答案：C解析：面試的開頭部分談到了MissGreen的大學時光，根據原文關鍵詞agreattime，good，madealotoffriends，agreatplace等知，MissGreen很喜歡大學時光，對課程很滿意。故應選C項。知識模塊：聽力17．A．Shejustfollowedthecrowd.B．Someoneelsegavehertheadvice.C．Shewasinterestedinthatarea.D．Sheconcededtoherparents’thoughts.正確答案：C解析：面試者在問MissGreen為何選擇心理學時，MissGreen說最初自己也不知道想學什么，覺得自己對人們和其行為方式感興趣，并且覺得這是一個吸引人的領域。據此，A項“從眾”、B項“別人建議”和D項“順從父母想法”均與此不符。C項為答案。知識模塊：聽力18．A．Theteachersjustgavelecturesandaskedstudentstoreadbooks.B．Theteacherswereexcellentandtheyhadaspecialteachingmethod.C．Theteachersdescribedaparticularsituationandtoldstudentswhatmighthappen.D．Theteachersaskstudentstodosomereadingandconfirmteachers’ideas.正確答案：B解析：在MissGreen說了選擇心理學課之后，面試者問她覺得心理課程怎么樣，MissGreen說老師都很好，而且他們的教學方法特別。與B項意思一致。故選B項。知識模塊：聽力19．A．Doingsurveysatworkplace.B．Analyzingsurveyresults.C．Designingquestionnaires.D．Takingapsychologycourse.正確答案：D解析：在談到就業部的工作時，MissGreen說，“我們設計了一個調查，來到工廠問了工人和管理人員所有的問題。然后回到辦公室，分析所有的數據并寫出報告。”可知A項“調查”、B項“分析問卷結果”和C項“設計問卷表”都包括在工作之中，只有D項未被提及。故選D項。知識模塊：聽力20．A．Thenatureofwork.B．Officedecoration.C．Officelocation.D．Workprocedures.正確答案：B解析：面試官問MissGreen：“從就業部到廣告公司，你的工作一定有所改變，不是嗎?”MissGreen說：“我想辦公室裝修是要豪華些，但工作內容是相當類似的。”比較她在兩個部門的工作，都是設計問卷——外出調查——收集資料——撰寫報告，從工作程序到工作性質，均無什么區別。所以答案是B項。知識模塊：聽力聽力原文：M:Sowhydidyoudecidetoleave?W:Threeyearsisalongtimetobeaskingpeoplethosesortofquestionsaboutshampooanddrinks.No,seriously,aftertwoyearsIwasinchargeoftheResearchDepartmentoftheagencyandIhadoneassistantresearcher.IguessaftertwoyearsofdoingthatIsupposeIfeltyouknow,IcandothiswellandnowIwanttodosomethingelsethatisalittledifferent.Andtherewasnowhereformetogoinsidethecompany.Itjustwasn’tchallengingformeanymoreandbecauseIneededachallenge,Idecidedtomoveon.WhenIheardaboutthepositionofseniorresearcherhere,Ithoughtthat’sexactlywhatIwant:thechancetocombinemymanagementskillsandmyresearchinterestsworkinginamuchlargerdepartmentwithmorevariedwork.M:Andyoufeltthejobdescriptionsinouradvertisementwouldofferyouthekindofchallengeyou’relookingfor?W:Exactly.Yes.AsIsaid,managementinalargerorganizationandresearchcombined.Also,tobehonestwithyou,Iheardaboutthejobbeforeitwasadvertised.Afriendofmine,whoworkshere,MarkAustin,toldmeafewweeksagothatyouwerelookingforsomeonetotakeoverthejob.HedescribedthepositiontomeinquiteabitofdetailandIthought,well,that’sexactlywhatIamlookingfor.SoreallyI’dwrittenmyletterofapplicationbeforethejobwasevenadvertised.M:Ishouldtellyouthatwiththepresentcutbackswehaveonlygotonefull-timeadministrativeassistantinthesection.Howwouldyoufeelaboutdoingyourownwordprocessing,photocopying,thatsortofthing?W:Oh,Iamusedtothat.Ihavedoneallmyownwordprocessingforages.It’stheonlywaytowrite,really,isn’tit?Icantypewell,about60wordsaminute.IdidasecretarialcourseafterIleftschool,soIlearnttypingandshorthand.ThenafewyearslaterIboughtaPCandIlearnthowtodowordprocessingtoo.M:Well,that’shandy.Nowinthepositionyou’veappliedforyou’dhavefiveassistantresearchersresponsibletoyou.That’sconsiderablymoreresponsibilitythanyou’vehadbeforesoyouareobviouslyambitiousandasyousaidyoulikeachallenge.Iwaswonderingwhatyouseeyourselfdoingin,say,fiveortenyearsdownthetrack?W:Oh,thatisadifficultquestion.Letmetrytoansweryourquestionthisway.Iamparticularlyinterestedinexperimentaldesignandalsointeaching.I’dliketocontinuetheorganizationandplanningsideofresearchbutdosometeachingtoo.Iknowthatyouhavelecturersherewhodojustthatsortofthing:somepracticalwork,andsomeundergraduateandpostgraduateteaching,sothat’swhatI’dreallybeaimingfortobealecturerhereaswell.M:Well,that’scertainlyacareerpaththatwe’dencourageyoutofollow,butofcourseitm