Grammar

and

UsagePart

2Module

5Unit

1FunctionsSample

SentencesSubjectTo

find

a

best

friend

isdifficult.It

is

difficultto

find

a

bestfriend.ObjectI

need

to

sleep

for

eight

hoursevery

day.Please

remember

to

write

to

me.ObjectComplementI

ask

him

to

come

over.He

ordered

Tom

to

leave

atonce.I

have

an

important

meeting

toattend.I

have

two

letters

towrite.His

intention

was

to

cheer

me

up.My

job

is

to

deliverletters.My

dad

arranged

some

swimminglessons

to

surpriseme.He

worked

hardto

provide

for

hisbig

family.AttributeAdverbialFFununccttiionsonsSampSamplele

SSeentnteenncecessI

have

an

important

meeting

toattend.I

have

two

letters

towrite.His

intention

was

to

cheer

me

up.My

job

is

to

deliverletters.My

dad

arranged

some

swimminglessons

to

surpriseme.He

worked

hardto

provide

for

hisbig

family.PPreredidicatcatiiveveFunctionsSample

SentencesI

have

an

important

meeting

toattend.I

have

two

letters

towrite.My

dad

arranged

some

swimminglessons

to

surpriseme.He

worked

hardto

provide

for

hisbigfamily.Predicative

His

intention

was

to

cheer

me

up.My

job

is

to

deliverletters.AttributeAdverbialFormActive

VoicePassive

VoiceBasicformto

doto

be

donePerfectformto

have

doneto

have

beendoneContinuousformto

bedoingOther

forms

of

to-infinitive:不定式在哪些動詞后作賓語？Tips:want,

hope,

like,

begin,

start,

try,forget,

agree,

learn,

refuse,

dare,decide,

determine,

fail,

manage,offer,

prepare,

prefer,

mean

etc.不定式在哪些動詞后作賓補？Tips:ask,advise,allow,beg,cause,command,direct,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,

force,instruct,invite,oblige,order,

permit,

persuade,press,recommend,remind,request,teach,tell,

train,urge,want,warn…+

sb+to

dosth.有些感官動詞和使役動詞加省略to的不定式做賓補一讓兩使一感覺，兩聽四看記口訣.Let,make,have，feel, hear,listen

to,See,watch,notice,observe不定式作賓語的特殊用法Practice:我很高興見到你。I

am

glad

to

meet

you.形容詞后作賓語據(jù)說Tom寫過一本科幻小說。Tom

is

said

to

have

written

ascience

fiction

story.結構老師進來時

Tom剛巧在大聲說話。Tom

happened

to

be

talking

loudlywhen

the

teacher

came

in.結構(2004北京）My

advisorencourageda

summer

course

to

improve

my

writingskills.A.

for

metaking B.

metakingC.

for

me

to

take

D.

me

to

take（2008全國）The

director

had

herassistasome

hot

dogs

for

meeting.A.

pickedupC.

pick

upB.

picks

upD.

pickingup(2010,重慶）Many

buildings

in

the

cityneed

repairing,

but

the

one

firstis

thelibrary.A.repairedC.repairingB.

being

repairedD.to

berepaired,(2008,上海）If

there

is

a

lot

of

workI’m

happy

to

just

keep

on

until

it

isfinished.A.

to

doC.

DoneB.to

bedoingD.doing(2008,北京）-Did

the

book

give

theinformation

you

needed?-Yes.But it

,

I

had

to

readthe

entire

book.A.To

doC.DoneB.

to

be

doingD.

doingD.（2009，浙江）

,

the

payisn’tE.attractive

enough,

though

the

job

itselfF.is

quite

interesting.Generally

speaking

B.

On

the

contraryC.

In

particular D.

To

behonest(2007,遼寧）The

crowd

cheered

wildlyat

the

sight

of

Liu

Xiang,

who

wasreported the

world

record

inthe110-meter

hurdle

race.breaking B.

having

brokenC.

to

havebroken D.

to

break

C.(2010上海春）

as

an

OlympicD.Event,

a

sport

must

be

played

in

at

leaE.75

countries

on

at

least

4

continents.F.to

accept B.

having

acceptedG.C.

to

beaccepted D.

accepting(2010遼寧）-It’s

no

use

having

ideas

only.-

Don’t

worry.

Peter

can

show

youto

turn

an

idea

into

an

act.A.how B.

who

C.what

D.whereB.(2010陜西）His

first

book

nextC.month

is

based

on

a

truestory.publishedC.

topublishB.

to

be

publishedD.

being

published動詞不定式的幾個固定句式：不得不have/has/had

todo結果卻…(表示結果和期望相反）only

to

do為了（不）so

as(not)

to

do有…要做

There

be

…

to

do十分…足夠…

…enough

to

do除了做某事別無選擇Have

no

choice

but

to

do第…個做…the

last/the

first

to

doVerb-ing

as

a noun

:Go

over

the

five

points

in

group

1.Verb-ing

forms

can

be

used

as

anoun

in

a

sentence

and

function

asfollows:Sample

SentencesUsagesSwimming

is

good

for

yourhealth.AsSubjectI

love

swimming

in

the

sea.AsObjectI

keep

fit

byswimming

everyday.After

prep.Her

swimmingis

improvingday

by

day.AfterPossessivesThe

old

man

has

to

use

awalking

stick.CompoundNounsSituations Verb-ing

forms

areused:We

useVerb-ing

(not

a

infinitive),

afterthe

following

words:admit

allow dislike

delay

considermind

understand…+KEEP

MATCH

GIFTS++admit

承認+fancy喜歡resist

抵制，抵觸allow

允許include包括+delay

推遲deny

否認dislike

不喜歡，討厭+mention

提到miss

錯過understandAfraid(3d)+2m+uKEEPMARCHGIFTSKeep

保持

Mind

介意Escape逃脫Avoid避免Enjoy

享受

Risk

冒險Practise練習Can’t

help情不自禁Give

up放棄

Imagine想象

Finish

完成

Think

of

想起

Suggest建議cannot

helpI

cannot

help

wondering

whyshedoes

not

like

me.lookforwardtoI

look

forward

to

seeing

you

atthe

party.feel

likeI

don’t

feel

like

doing

anythingnow.Common

phrases

usedwith Verb-ing

forms:cannotstandShe

cannot

stand

seeingthat

boy.It

is

nouse/goodIt

is

no

use

cryingaboutyour

exam

results

now.put

offI

had

to

put

off

shoppingfor

awhile.keep

onHe

kept

on

askingme

formy

phone

number.We

can

use

averb-ing

or

aninfinitiveafter

the

following

verbs

withlittledifference

in

meaning

but

sometimeswithsome

difference

in

meaning

or

usagesuchas:continue

prefer

begin

hate

like

startlove

(little

difference)forge

regret

remember

mean

try goon(with

some

difference)Exercise

for

V-ing

forms:chat

roomsbecausesometimes

I

feel

likesomeone

else

online.

I

love

to

create

anew

identity

for

myself.

Soon

aftervisiting

the

chat

rooms,

I

began

to

talkI

firstbegan

visiting/to

visitInternet

chatrooms

about

a

year

ago.

I

started

chatting

regularly

about

months

later,

and

now

Ichat

on

the

Internet

daily.

I

lovevisitingpretendingto

beless

to

my

real

friends.

I

thought

they

wereless

exciting

than

my

online

friends.I

usually

enter

the

chat

room

at

about