第頁共頁英語專業(yè)八級(jí)閱讀試題提升訓(xùn)練英語專業(yè)八級(jí)閱讀試題提升訓(xùn)練TheAffectofElectricityonCancerCanelectricitycausecancer?Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagicfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryoneesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.Enviro____entalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgover____entwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagicfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythemon60-hertzmagicfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagicfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagicfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagicfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.1.Themainideaofthispassageis[A]studiesonthecauseofcancer[B]controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer[C]therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.[D]differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis[A]thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.[B]electricityreallyaffectscancer.[C]controversial.[D]lowfrequencyelectromagicfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?Because[A]itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.[C]thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.[D]theyhaddifferentarguments.4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon[A]theforceoftheelectromagicfieldistooweaktobeharmful.[B]theforceoftheelectromagicfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.[C]electromagicfieldmayaffecthealth.[D]onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?[A]Theyareindifferent.[B]Theyareworriedverymuch.[C]Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.[D]Theyareshocked.答案詳解：1.D電力對(duì)癌癥影響的不同觀點(diǎn)。文章一開場(chǎng)就提出了“電會(huì)致癌嗎?”這個(gè)問題。十多年來，一大批科學(xué)家和新聞界人士都指出：研究結(jié)果似乎表示：接觸電磁場(chǎng)可能會(huì)增加患白血病和其他惡性腫瘤的危險(xiǎn)性。所以說到目前為止還難以確定電力對(duì)安康的影響終究是理性的，還是杞人憂天。見難句注釋1。第二段公布了環(huán)保署的報(bào)告，見難句注釋3。第三段說明：即使有致癌危險(xiǎn)也是極微的。但應(yīng)予以認(rèn)真對(duì)待，進(jìn)展更多的研究。而第七段中空軍方面的科學(xué)家還沒有被說服(見難句注釋9)，明確提出，我們的評(píng)論員認(rèn)為沒有跡象說明環(huán)境中存在的電力會(huì)誘發(fā)或促發(fā)癌癥。A.對(duì)致癌因素的研究。B.致癌原因方面有爭議的觀點(diǎn)，這兩項(xiàng)根本____，和文內(nèi)電力毫無關(guān)系。C.電力和癌癥的關(guān)系，文中涉及的是電力終究會(huì)不會(huì)致癌的兩種觀點(diǎn)，而不是兩者之關(guān)系。2.A.電和致癌有一定難以確定的`關(guān)系。答案在第二段第三句，環(huán)保署目前的結(jié)論是據(jù)科學(xué)證據(jù)指出極低頻電磁場(chǎng)——具有長波的電磁場(chǎng)——和白血病，淋巴瘤及腦癌之間有著難以確定的聯(lián)絡(luò)，見難句注釋3。A.電確實(shí)致癌，不對(duì)。C.有爭議的。說的不夠清楚，爭議什么。D.低頻磁場(chǎng)是一個(gè)可能致癌因素。這只是論點(diǎn)的一面。3.B.現(xiàn)代軍事的任何部門都一直依賴于應(yīng)用大量應(yīng)用電子設(shè)備。五角大樓和白宮所以反對(duì)環(huán)保署公布報(bào)告之理由就在此。空軍方面的專家所以說環(huán)保署方面的報(bào)告“歪曲了整個(gè)文件以證明兩者之間的關(guān)系”也在此。見難句注釋4。所以文內(nèi)說“角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的?！盇.報(bào)告會(huì)在布什政府內(nèi)引起大規(guī)模的辯論，這是結(jié)果。C.五角大樓的關(guān)注是可以理解的，這不是原因。D.他們有不同的觀點(diǎn)。4.磁場(chǎng)力太弱