語言學知識點

Mr.Potato2021/5/91I語言學導論II語言學主要分支學科III語言學的流派和理論2021/5/92I語言學導論

1.designfeatureoflanguage（語言的定義特征）2.LanguageFamilies(世界語言分類)3.importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(語言學研究中幾對重要的概念)4.scopeoflinguistics(語言學的研究范圍)2021/5/93LOREMIPSUMDOLOR1.designfeatureoflanguage（語言的定義特征)

definingpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication2021/5/941.designfeatureoflanguage

語言定義特征

1)Arbitrariness（任意性）2)Duality(二層性)3)Creativity/Productivity(創造性)4)Displacement（移位性）5)CulturalTransmission(文化傳遞性)2021/5/951）Arbitrariness(任意性):定義：theformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.舉例：書,book,livre喜歡，like，aimerLOREMIPSUMDOLOR2021/5/96LOREMIPSUMDOLOR2）Duality（二層性）:定義：thepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructures,suchthatunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevel.舉例：Sounds>syllables>words>phrases>clauses>sentences>texts/discourses2021/5/97LOREMIPSUMDOLOR3）Creativity/Productivity（創造性）:定義：Languagecanbeusedtocreatenewmeaningsbecauseofitsduality舉例1：/k/,/a:/,/p/----carporpark舉例2：England,defeated,FranceEnglanddefeatedFrance.FrancedefeatedEngland.2021/5/984）Displacement（替代性）:定義：Humanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbolizesomethingwhicharenotpresentatthemomentofcommunication.2021/5/995）CulturalTransmission（文化傳遞性）:定義：languageispassedonfromgenerationtogenerationthroughteachingandlearningratherthaninstinct.反例：印度狼孩LOREMIPSUMDOLOR2021/5/9103.Designfeature定義特征1)Arbitrariness（任意性）2)Duality(二層性)3)Creativity/Productivity(創造性)4)Displacement（移位性）5)CulturalTransmission(文化傳遞性)

如何記憶:五性，創意遺傳2021/5/911LOREMIPSUMDOLOR4.ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics(語言學研究中幾對重要的概念)1)descriptive&prescriptive2)synchronic&diachronic3)langue&parole4)competence&performance2021/5/912LOREMIPSUMDOLOR1)Descriptive（描述性）vs.Prescriptive（規定性）Descriptive:describinghowthingsare.prescriptive:prescribinghowthingsoughttobe2021/5/913ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics舉例：Don'tsayX.Peopledon'tsayX.Thefirstisaprescriptivecommand,whilethesecondisadescriptivestatement.2021/5/914LOREMIPSUMDOLOR2).Synchronic（共時性）vs.Diachronic（歷時性）synchronic:takesafixedinstantasitspointofobservation.diachronic:thestudyofalanguagethroughthecourseofitshistory.2021/5/915LOREMIPSUMDOLOR舉例：研究1800年的英語發音Synchronicstudies(共時性研究)研究1800-1900的法語語法變化Diachronicstudies(歷時研究)2021/5/9162.世界語言分類2021/5/9172.世界語言分類2021/5/9182021/5/9193).langue（語言）&parole（言語）Theorist：Saussure（索緒爾）,fatherofmodernlinguisticslangue:abstractlinguisticsystemparole:actualrealizationoflangueImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics2021/5/920ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics舉例：漢語系統langue每個中國人在不同具體場景中說出的具體話語parole2021/5/921ImportantDistinctionsinLinguistics4)Competence（語言能力）andperformance（語言運用）theorist:Chomsky(喬姆斯基)competence:user'sknowledgeofrulesaboutthelinguisticsystem.performance:theactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinconcretesituations.2021/5/922LOREMIPSUMDOLOR5.ScopeofLinguistics(語言學的研究范圍)1）按研究內容來分2）按研究導向來分2021/5/923語言學分類-按研究內容分2021/5/924語言學分類-按研究內容分2021/5/9252021/5/926語言學分類-按研究導向分2021/5/927語言學分類-按研究內容分2021/5/928語言學分類-按研究內容分2021/5/929LOREMIPSUMDOLOR考點:1.語音學(phonetics)和音系學(phonology)的定義和區別2.語音學重要概念:清音和濁音3.音系學重要概念:音子，音位,超音段特征

2021/5/930LOREMIPSUMDOLORPhoneticsstudiesallspeechsoundsinhumanlanguages:howtheyareproduced,transmittedandhowtheyarereceived.Phonology:aimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.區別:meaning(是否研究和表達意義有關的語音）2021/5/931LOREMIPSUMDOLOR舉例:too和tea中的/t/發too中的/t/時,舌位更靠近口腔前部發tea中的/t/時，舌位更靠近口腔后部語音學要研究這種/t/發音的不同之處,音系學不研究2021/5/932Phoneticsstudieshowspeechsoundsareproduced,transmitted,andperceived.2021/5/933語音學分類articulatoryphonetics(發音語音學):speaker’sproductionacousticphonetics（聲學語音學）:transmission’smediumauditoryphonetics(聽覺語音學):receiver’sreception2021/5/934如何記憶phonetics和phonolgy的區別:聯想:mathematics,physics,mechanicsphonetics語言學，-ics科學性更強

geology,sociology,astrologyphonology音系學，-ology人文性更強2021/5/935SpeechorgansHowspeechsoundsaremade2021/5/9362021/5/937Positionofthevocalfolds(聲帶):voicing(濁音)andvoiceless(清音)2021/5/938LOREMIPSUMDOLORVoiceless(清音)：vocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingtheairstreamgothroughwithoutcausingobstruction清音舉例：[p,s,t]Voicing/Voiced（濁音）：vocalcordsheldtogether,lettingtheairstreamvibrates濁音:[b,z,d]2021/5/939LOREMIPSUMDOLORThedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.Asthereisnoobstructionofairintheproductionofvowels,thedescriptionoftheconsonantsandvowelscannotbedonealongthesamelines.2021/5/940LOREMIPSUMDOLOR音系學定義：studyofhowspeechsoundsinalanguageformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.音系學重要概念:phone音子，phoneme音位(音系研究的基本單位)supra-segmentalfeatures超音段特征2021/5/941LOREMIPSUMDOLORPhone(音子)：aphoneticunit;thespeechsoundswehearandproduceduringcommunicationareallphones舉例:too和tea中的/t/發too中的/t/時,舌位更靠近口腔前部發tea中的/t/時，舌位更靠近口腔后部所以too和tea中的/t/兩個不同的音子2021/5/942LOREMIPSUMDOLORPhoneme(音位):phonologicalandabstractunit,aunitofdistinctivevalue;thesmallestunitofsoundinalanguagewhichcandistinguishtwowords.舉例：tea和sea,/t/和/s/是兩個不同的音位morpheme2021/5/943LOREMIPSUMDOLORWhatisthepointofdepartureofphonology?A.phoneB.soundC.voiceD.phoneme2021/5/944LOREMIPSUMDOLORWhatisthepointofdepartureofphonology?A.phoneB.soundC.voiceD.phoneme(音位)2021/5/945LOREMIPSUMDOLORWhatisthepointofdepartureofphonetics?A.phoneB.soundC.voiceD.phoneme2021/5/946LOREMIPSUMDOLORWhatisthepointofdepartureofphonetics?A.phoneB.soundC.voiceD.phoneme2021/5/947Suprasegmentalfeatures(超音段特征)Suprasegmentalfeatures:phonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.Theprincipalsuprasegmentalsare:2021/5/948LOREMIPSUMDOLORSupra-segmentalfeatures(超音段特征)：stress（重音）舉例:perfect(adj)和perfect(v)tone(聲調)/pitch(音高):定義:soundfeaturewhicharecausedbythedifferingrateofvibrationofthevocalfolds.舉例:mā媽,má麻,m?馬，mà罵比較：英語單詞，如me2021/5/949LOREMIPSUMDOLORintonation（語調）：pitch,stress,andsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation.

舉例:2021/5/950Morphology形態學1.學科定義2.語素的定義和分類3.詞的分類（classificationofwords）2021/5/951形態學研究的基本單位

1.morpheme(語素）.Themostbasicelementofmeaninginlanguage，anelementthatcannotbefurtherdividedintosmallerunitswithoutalteringitsmeaning.舉例：ballfootballballs2021/5/9522021/5/953TypesofMorphemesFreemorphemesvs.Boundmorphemes（自由語素和黏著語素）:Freemorphemes:thosethatmayconstitutewordsbythemselves,egboy,girl,table,nation.Boundmorphemes:thosethatcannotoccuralone,eg-s,-ed,dis-,un-.2021/5/954TypesofBoundMorpheme

Inflectionalmorpheme(屈折語素)=inflectionalaffix(屈折詞綴)：changethegrammaticalmeaning(number,aspect,case,tense)Derivationalmorpheme（派生語素）=inflectionalaffix(派生詞綴）:changethelexicalmeaning2021/5/955dis+like+sderivationalfreeinflectionalmorpheme2021/5/956light+en+edfreederivationalinflectionalmorpheme2021/5/957LOREMIPSUMDOLORDerivationalmorpheme(改變詞義):改變詞義：dis-,un-,multi-,micro-改變詞性：en-,-full,-mentInflectionalmorpheme（改變語法含義）:改變名稱的性，數，格：-ess,-s,改變動詞的時,態，體:-ing,-ed,改變形容詞的級：-er,-est2021/5/958詞的分類-按構詞法分2021/5/959LOREMIPSUMDOLOR如何區分派生詞（derivationalword）和合成詞(compoundword):拆開后看各個組成的語素能否都單獨成詞，如果可以，就是合成詞，如果不能就是派生詞。Businessman:business+manPlayboy:play+boyMouthful:mouth+fulLighten:light+en2021/5/960詞的分類-按詞義分2021/5/961詞的分類-按開放性分2021/5/962詞的分類-按在句子重要性分2021/5/9632021/5/964考點1.定義2.句法范疇3.句子類型Syntax句法2021/5/965LOREMIPSUMDOLOR1.Syntax定義：:studiesinternalstructureofsentenceandrulesofsentence-formation2021/5/966LOREMIPSUMDOLORCategory(范疇):agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguagesuchassentence,anounphraseoraverb(起相同作用的一類語言單位)Syntacticalcategory(句法范疇):agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinsentence-formation.（在句子構成中起相同作用的一類語言單位）2021/5/967Syntacticalcategory(句法范疇)Word-----------lexicalcategoryPhrase---------phrasalcategoryClause---------clausalcategorySentence2021/5/968LexicalCategory詞法范疇

=PartsofSpeech詞類2021/5/9692021/5/970phrasespecifierheadcomplementacarfivemetersaway

2021/5/971SentenceTypes(句子類型) simple

Sentence complex non-simple compound2021/5/972LOREMIPSUMDOLOR4.句子分類：Simplesentence簡單句Coordinatesentence并列句Complexsentence復雜句2021/5/973LOREMIPSUMDOLORsimplesentence

簡單句定義：alsocalledindependentclause,containsasubjectandaverb,anditexpressesacompletethought.

2021/5/974LOREMIPSUMDOLOR練習：

JimandMikeplayfootballeveryafternoon.(simplesentence)Marygoestothelibraryandstudieseveryday.(coordinatesentence)2021/5/975LOREMIPSUMDOLORcoordinatesentence并列句:containstwoindependentclausesjoinedbyacoordinator(并列連詞)suchasand,or,butetc.Coordinatorsareoftenprecededbyacomma.例句:ItriedtospeakSpanish,andmyfriendtriedtospeakEnglish.

Lilywenttoplayfootball,butMariawentshopping.2021/5/976LOREMIPSUMDOLORYouhavetodoitonewayortheother.SimplesentenceTheworkerswerecheerful,oratleasttheyappearedtobecheerful.Coordinatesentence2021/5/977LOREMIPSUMDOLORcomplexsentence定義：Acomplexsentencehasanindependentclausejoinedwithoneormoredependentclausesbyoneormoresubordinators(從屬連詞)suchasif,when,because,althoug.2021/5/978LOREMIPSUMDOLORAsheisgrowingold,heseldomgoesout.Heis

growingold,whereashebecomeshealthier.如何區分并列和復雜句---看連詞表示的關系

并列，選擇和轉折關系---并列句時間，條件，原因和讓步關系---復雜句

2021/5/979Semantics考點：1.定義：studyofmeaning2.兩種基本意義：reference指稱和sense涵義3.五種詞語語義關系2021/5/980LudwigWittgenstein:‘Themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage’.Meaningisstudiedbymakingdetailedanalysesofthewaywordsandsentencesareusedinspecificcontexts.Reference（指稱）:howlanguagereferstotherealphysicalworld(語言指代外部物質世界)Sense（涵義）:inherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.Itisabstractandthemeaningdictionarycompilersareinterestedin.(語言形式的內在意義)2021/5/981conceptsymbolizes

referstosymbolreferent(word)standsfor(object)2021/5/982

2021/5/983Synonymy同義Synonymy同義:samenessorsimilarityofmeaning.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalledsynonyms.

2021/5/984同義分類舉例dialecticalsynonym地域同義詞：舉例:fallandautumn,flatandapartmentstylisticsynonym風格同義詞：舉例:copandpolice,kidandoffspringcollocationalsynonym搭配同義詞：舉例:accuseof,chargewith,rebukeforSemanticallydifferentsynonym語義稍有不同的同義詞:舉例:surpriseandastound,blameandrebuke2021/5/985Antonymy反義Antonymy反義:oppositenessofmeaning.Wordsthatareoppositeinmeaningarecalledantonyms.Antonymy反義關系分類：gradableantonymy等級反義complementaryantonymy互補反義converseantonymy反向反義2021/5/986Gradableantonymy等級反義young--------middle-aged---------------oldbig--------middle-sized---------------smallgood-------------average-----------------bad2021/5/987Complementaryantonymy互補反義alive:deadmale:femalepresent:absentinnocent:guiltyodd:evenpass:failboy:girlhit:miss2021/5/988Converseantonymy反向反義

buy:selllend:borrowgive:receiveparent:childhusband:wifeteacher:studentabove:belowbefore:afterhost:guestemployer:employee2021/5/989Hyponymy上下義關系Hyponymy上下義:referstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.Superordinate/hypernym上義詞:themoregeneraltermHyponym下義詞:themorespecificterm2021/5/990LOREMIPSUMDOLOR舉例:hypernym上義詞:animalHyponym下義詞:bird,fish,tiger,cat如何記憶:hyper---向上hype炒作hypo---向下hypothesis假設2021/5/991

Animal

birdfishinsectanimal

humananimal

tigerlionelephant...2021/5/992Polysemy一詞多義Polysemy:thesameonewordhasmorethanonemeaning.Suchawordiscalledpolysemicword.舉例:Fish:1.魚2.魚肉3.水生動物4.捕魚5.尋找2021/5/993LOREMIPSUMDOLORHomonymy同音/同形異義詞:wordshavingdifferentmeaningshavethesameform,differentwordsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.Identicalinsound:homophones同音詞Identicalinspelling:homograph同形詞Identicalinboth:completehomonyms同音同形詞2021/5/994LOREMIPSUMDOLORhomophones同音詞：舉例:knightandnight,pieceandpeacehomograph同形詞舉例:tear(v)andtear(n),lead(v)andlead(n)completehomonyms同音同形詞:fast(adj)andfast(n)2021/5/995LOREMIPSUMDOLOR如何區分同音同形和一詞多義現象:beauty,fish,ball,scalebeauty:美麗；美女fish:魚；魚肉；水生動物；捕魚；尋找ball:球；舞會scale:規模；魚鱗

看其多個意義之間是否有關聯，如果有就是一詞多義，沒有就是同音同形詞2021/5/996Pragmatics語用學

考點:定義和與語義學的區別：studyofmeaningincontextorinuse言語行為理論（兩位理論家和三種行為）會話原則2021/5/9972.SpeechActTheoryJohnAustin(1911-1960)HowtoDoThingswithWords(1962)MainIdea:thingscanbedonewithwords2021/5/998Constatives(敘事句)vs.performatives（施為句）Constatives（敘事句）:utteranceswhichroughlyservestostateafact,reportthatsomethingisthecase,ordescribewhatsomethingis,eg:IgototheparkeverySunday.IteachEnglish.

2021/5/999LOREMIPSUMDOLORPerformatives（施為句）:utteranceswhichareusedtoperformacts,donotdescribeorreportanythingatall;theutteringofthesentenceisthedoingofanaction;theycannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse.Performativeverbs:name,bet,etc.2021/5/9100ThreeSpeechActs(三種言語行為)Alocutionaryact(言內行為):theactofutteringwords,phrase,sentences.Itisanactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.Anillocutionaryact（言外行為）:anactofexpressionspeaker’sintention;itisanactperformedinsayingsomething.Aperlocutionaryact（言后行為）:theactpreformedbyorasaresultofsaying,theeffectsonthehearer.2021/5/9101三種話語行為-舉例老師對學生說:Youhaveleftthedooropen.Locutionaryact(言內行為):theactofutteringthewordsof“you”,“have”,“left”,“the”,“door”,“open”Illocutinaryact(言外行為):theactofexpressingtheteacher’sintentionofaskingthestudenttoclosethedoor.Perlocutionaryact(言后行為):theeffectoftheutterance:studentgoestoclosethedoor2021/5/9102IllocutionaryActTheory美國哲學家JohnSearle(約翰-塞爾，1932-)在Austin理論基礎上把言外行為進一步分為5類：陳述（assertives），指示(directives)，承諾(commissives)，表達(expressives)，宣告（declaratives）2021/5/9103ConversationalImplicature（會話含義理論）Theorist：英國語言學家HerbertPaulGrice(格萊斯，1913-1988)MainIdea:Peopledonotusuallysaythingsdirectlybuttendtoimplythem.2021/5/9104TheCooperativePrinciple(CP，合作原則)

MaximofQuality（數量準則）MaximofQuantity（質量準則）MaximofRelation（關系準則）MaximofManner（方式準則）2021/5/9105TheCooperativePrinciple(CP，合作原則)

MaximofQuality（數量準則）Donotsaywhatyoubelievetobefalse.Donotsaysomethingifyoulackadequateevidence;MaximofQuantity（質量準則）MaximofRelation（關系準則）MaximofManner（方式準則）2021/5/9106LOREMIPSUMDOLORMaximofQuality（數量準則）MaximofQuantity（質量準則）：Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired(forthecurrentpurposesoftheexchange).Donotmakeyourcontributionmoreinformativethanrequired.MaximofRelation（關系準則）MaximofManner（方式準則）2021/5/9107LOREMIPSUMDOLORMaximofQuality（數量準則）MaximofQuantity（質量準則）MaximofRelation（關系準則）：Berelative.MaximofManner（方式準則）2021/5/9108LOREMIPSUMDOLORMaximofQuality（數量準則）MaximofQuantity（質量準則）MaximofRelation（關系準則）MaximofManner(方式準則)：Beperspicuous.Avoidobscurityofexpression.Avoidambiguity.Bebrief.Beorderly.2021/5/9109Macro-Linguistics

宏觀語言學LOREMIPSUMDOLOR2021/5/9110LOREMIPSUMDOLORSociolinguistics社會語言學1.定義2.語言變體languagevariety3.雙語2021/5/9111LOREMIPSUMDOLORSociolinguistics社會語言學1定義：Thesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.Speech語言變體雙語2021/5/9112LOREMIPSUMDOLORSociolinguistics社會語言學定義Speechvariety/languagevariety語言變體:refertoanydistinguishableformofspeechusedbyaspeakeroragroupofspeakers.雙語2021/5/91132021/5/91142021/5/91152021/5/9116LOREMIPSUMDOLORPidgin(洋涇浜語/皮欽語)：aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeaksdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.上海洋涇浜

2021/5/9117LOREMIPSUMDOLOR上海話中的洋涇浜英語“蹩腳”（BILGE，船底污水，引申為骯臟的、下三濫的、劣質的）“癟三”（BEGSIR，乞丐先生，用來形容叫花子、難民、逃荒者等各式窮人，后引申為最廣泛的罵人用語之一。“赤佬”是英語“CHEAT”（欺騙）和中文“佬”的混生詞語，一個魯迅時代最流行的洋涇浜俚語（隱語）。2021/5/9118Frompidginto

creoles(克里奧語):Pidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageasaresultofintermarriage,itisspokenathomeandlearnedbychildrenasamothertongue.舉例.French-basedHaitianCreole,EnglishbasedjamaicaCreole2021/5/9119LOREMIPSUMDOLORSociolinguistics社會語言學定義語言變體雙語2021/5/9120LOREMIPSUMDOLORBilingualism(雙語現象)Diglossia(高低雙語現象)Multilingualism（多語現象）2021/5/9121LOREMIPSUMDOLORBilingualism(雙語現象):alinguisticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedeitherbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers.舉例：Canada(FrenchandEnglish),Wales(WelshandEnglish)Diglossia(高低雙語現象)Multilingualism（多語現象）2021/5/9122LOREMIPSUMDOLORBilingualism(雙語現象)Diglossia(高低雙語現象):alinguisticsituationinwhichtwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplay.舉例：Switzerland:HighGermanasthestandard(public,official)SwissGermanasthevernacular(informal,daily)Multilingualism（多語現象）2021/5/9123LOREMIPSUMDOLORBilingualism(雙語現象)Diglossia(高低雙語現象)Multilingualism（多語現象）:alinguisticsituationinwhichmorethantwolanguagesareusedeitherbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers.舉例：Singapore(English,Chinese,Malay)

2021/5/9124LOREMIPSUMDOLORBilingualism(雙語現象):alinguisticsituationinwhichtwostandardlanguagesareusedeitherbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakersDiglossia(高低雙語現象):alinguisticsituationinwhichtwovarietiesofalanguageexistsidebysidethroughoutthecommunity,witheachhavingadefiniteroletoplayMultilingualism（多語現象）:alinguisticsituationmorethantwovarietiesareusedeitherbyanindividualorbyagroupofspeakers2021/5/9125LOREMIPSUMDOLOR人類語言學AnthropologicalLinguistics定義:studyoftherelationshipbetweencultureandlanguage假說：Sapir-WhorfHypothesis(薩丕爾-沃爾夫假說)：structureofthelanguagepeopleuseinfluencesthewaytheythinkandbehave(簡言之,語言影響人的思想行為)2021/5/9126Sapir-WhorfHypothesisEdwardSapir(1884-1939)andBenjaminLeeWhorf(1897-1941)Ourlanguagehelpsmouldourwayofthinkingand,consequently,differentlanguagesmayprobablyexpressspeakers’uniquewaysofunderstandingtheworld.

Linguisticdeterminism:Lmaydetermineourthinkingpatterns.Linguisticrelativity:differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround.2021/5/9127English:horseshoeFrench:feracheval——ironforhorseGerman:hufeisen——hoofironTheEskimoshavecountlesswordsforsnow.TheArabs,forcamels.2021/5/9128LOREMIPSUMDOLOR心理語言學Psycholinguistics:thestudyofthementalprocessoflanguagecomprehensionandproduction.計算機語言學ComputationalLinguistics:studyoftheuseofcomputerstoprocessandproducehumanlanguage.2021/5/9129語言學理論流派LOREMIPSUMDOLOR2021/5/9130LOREMIPSUMDOLOR考點