交通銀行內蒙古分行校園招聘考試英語基礎知識試題（八）閱讀了解The

provision

of

positive

incentives

to

work

in

the

new

society

will

not

be

an

easy

task.

But

the

most

difficult

task

of

all

is

to

devise

the

ultimate

and

final

sanction

to

replace

the

ultimate

sanction

of

hunger—the

economic

whip

of

the

old

dispensation.

Moreover,

in

a

society

which

rightly

rejects

the

pretence

of

separating

economics

from

politics

and

denies

the

autonomy

of

the

economic

order,

that

sanction

can

be

found

only

in

some

conscious

act

of

society.

We

can

no

longer

ask

the

invisible

hand

to

do

our

dirty

work

for

us.I

confess

that

I

am

less

horror-struck

than

some

people

at

the

prospect,

which

seems

to

me

unavoidable,

of

an

ultimate

power

of

what

is

called

direction

of

labour

resting

in

some

arm

of

society,

whether

in

an

organ

of

state

or

of

trade

unions.

I

should

indeed

be

horrified

if

I

identified

this

prospect

with

a

return

to

the

conditions

of

the

pre-capitalist

era.

The

economic

whip

of

laissez-faire

undoubtedly

represented

an

advance

on

the

serf-like

conditions

of

that

period:

in

that

relative

sense,

the

claim

of

capitalism

to

have

established

for

the

first

time

a

system

of

“free”

labour

deserves

respect.

But

the

direction

of

labour

as

exercised

in

Great

Britain

in

the

Second

World

War

seems

to

me

to

represent

as

great

an

advance

over

the

economic

whip

of

the

heyday

of

capitalist

private

enterprise

as

the

economic

whip

represented

over

pre-capitalist

serfdom.Much

depends

on

the

effectiveness

of

the

positive

incentives,

much,

too,

on

the

solidarity

and

self-discipline

of

the

community.

After

all,

under

the

system

of

laissez-faire

capitalism

the

fear

of

hunger

remained

an

ultimate

sanction

rather

than

a

continuously

operative

force.

It

would

have

been

intolerable

if

the

worker

had

been

normally

driven

to

work

by

conscious

fear

of

hunger;

nor,

except

in

the

early

and

worst

days

of

the

Industrial

Revolution,

did

that

normally

happen.

Similarly

in

the

society

of

the

future

the

power

of

direction

should

be

regarded

not

so

much

as

an

instrument

of

daily

use

but

rather

as

an

ultimate

sanction

held

in

reserve

where

voluntary

methods

fail.

It

is

inconceivable

that,

in

any

period

or

in

any

conditions

that

can

now

be

foreseen,

any

organ

of

state

in

Great

Britain

would

be

in

a

position,

even

if

it

had

the

will,

to

marshal

and

deploy

the

labour

force

over

the

whole

economy

by

military

discipline

like

an

army

in

the

field.

This,

like

other

nightmares

of

a

totally

planned

economy,

can

be

left

to

those

who

like

to

frighten

themselves

and

others

with

scarecrows.1.

The

word

“sanction”(Line

2,

Paragraph

1)

is

closest

in

meaning

to______.A

corrective

measuresB

encouraging

methodsC

preventive

effortsD

revolutionary

actions2.

Which

of

the

following

is

implied

in

the

first

paragraph?A

People

used

to

be

forced

to

work

under

whips.B

The

author

dislikes

the

function

of

politics

in

economy.C

Incentives

are

always

less

available

than

regulations.D

People

have

an

instinct

of

working

less

and

getting

more.3.

The

author’s

attitudes

towards

future,

as

is

indicated

in

the

beginning

of

the

second

paragraph,

is

one

of______.

A

reluctant

acceptanceB

sheer

pessimismC

mild

optimismD

extreme

hopefulness4.

The

author

of

the

text

seems

to

oppose

the

idea

of______.A

free

marketB

military

controlC

strict

regulationsD

unrestrained

labors5.

The

last

sentence

of

the

text

indicates

the

author’s______.A

hatredB

affectionC

stubbornnessD

rejection單項選擇6._______

put

great

stock

in

the

exchange

of

business

cards

at

the

beginning

of

a

meeting.A.Japanese

B.Italians

C.Swedens

D.Americans7.Business

cards

shoud

be

printed

in

English

on

one

side

and

Arabic

on

the

other

in_______

.A.Indonesia

B.Asia

C.Egypt

and

other

Arabian

countries

D.Egypt

and

Indonesia8.In_______

，exchanging

business

cards

is

common

among

professional

workers.But

normally

it

is

not

the

situation

in

social

settings.A.Indonesia

B.Asia

C.Australia

D.Japan9.In

a

business

letter,the

date

line

consists

of

the

month,day

and

year.which

is

the

right

business

style

of

date

line

?A.14

Feb

B.14

February

C.Feb

14,

D.February

14,10.The

salutation

is

written

flush

with

the_______margin

_______space

or

lines

below

the

inside

address.

A.left

,two

B.left,one

C.right,two

D.right,one參考答案閱讀了解1.【A】【精解】

本題考查詞義了解。對sanction一詞了解依賴于對整個第一段了解。第一段第二句提到sanction

of

hunger，其上文即第一句提到positive

incentives（正面激勵），第二句以but為標志出現轉折。所以，sanction

of

hunger與“正面激勵”應該是相對照。第一段最終一句又提到，不能再要求這只無形手替我們做“惹人討厭工作”了。這里“無形手”指是上文提到“sanction

of

hunger”，由此可知它做是“惹人討厭工作”。綜合以上線索，sanction應是一個“負面伎倆”，經過比如饑餓這么處罰來達成改進、改進目標。2.

【B】

【精解】本題考查推理引申。第一段第二句提到，要找到一個新經濟激勵伎倆來取代傳統饑餓處罰。該段第三句分析了饑餓處罰不再起作用社會原因，即，這個新社會將經濟與政治混為一談，否定經濟秩序自治權。所以作者對于政治對經濟干預是反感，【B】在第一段中有所暗示。這種暗示在第二段第一句中“我認可對于社會某個部門可能擁有勞動力管理最終權力感到恐懼”得到了證實。【A】是依照文中出現whip（鞭）一詞編造出來選項。其實，whip在本文中是比喻使用方法，指是“激勵、鞭策伎倆”。文中只提到incentives，但未將它與regulations作比較，【C】錯誤。【D】在文中未包括。3.【A】

【精解】本題考查作者態度。依照題干定位到第二段開始部分。題干中future與文中prospect是同義替換。該部分提到，“我認可對于社會某個部門擁有稱之為勞動力管理最終權力前景，并不像一些人那樣以為恐懼，即使，恐懼對我來說也是不可防止”。顯然，作者態度既不樂觀也不消極，只是勉強地接收這種現實。【A】正確。4.【C】【精解】

本題考查作者觀點。第三段倒數第四句提到，在未來社會中，管理權力應該被看作備用一個最嚴厲制裁，只有在自愿方法不論用時候才使用。該段最終兩句則經過打比喻手法指出，過于嚴格伎倆就像經過軍隊紀律集結和布署勞動力一樣。它是像計劃經濟一樣噩夢。所以可知，【C】是作者反正確。第二段第三句提到，自由放任主義（laissez-faire）經濟