巧學賓語從句——賓語從句語法詳解[賓語從句歌訣]賓語從句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展風采。展風采有三關，引導詞、語序、時態在把關。主從時態要一致，陳述語序永不變。陳述請你選that，疑問需用if/whether連。特殊問句作賓從，原來問詞不用換。三關過后莫得意，人稱、標點需注意。留意變臉的if/when，從句的簡化記心間。一、三姊妹賓語從句根據引導詞的不同可分為三種類型：1.由that引導的賓語從句。如：Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.2.由if/whether引導的賓語從句。如：Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.3.由who，where，how等連接代詞或連接副詞引導的賓語從句。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice？二、三關1.引導詞關如果從句是陳述句，引導詞用that（that在口語或非正式文體中常省略）；如果從句是一般疑問句，引導詞用if/whether；如果從句是特殊疑問句，引導詞用由疑問詞轉換而來的疑問代詞/副詞。2.語序關①陳述句變為賓語從句，語序不變，即仍用陳述語序。如：Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變為賓語從句，語序變為陳述語序。如：Doesheworkhard？Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.Whendidheleave？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3.時態關①如果主句是現在的時態，從句的時態可根據實際情況而定。如：Ihaveheard（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.②如果主句是過去的某種時態，那么從句的時態一定要用過去的某種時態。如：Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果賓語從句表述的是客觀真理、自然現象等時，不管主句是什么時態，從句都要用一般現在時。如：Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.三、人稱的變化和標點的使用1.從句的主語如果是第一人稱，變為賓語從句則與主句的主語一致；如果是第二人稱，則與主句的賓語一致；如果是第三人稱，不用變化。如：“MayIuseyourknife？”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.“Doyouknowhertelephonenumber？”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.2.賓語從句的標點均由主句決定。主句是陳述句，用句號；主句是疑問句，用問號。如：Whowillgiveusatalk？Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.Doyouknow？Wheredoeshelive？→Doyouknowwherehelives？四、兩副面孔if和when既能引導時間狀語從句，又能引導賓語從句。因此，遇到它們就要認真分析一下，它們究竟屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一副。如：Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.（時間狀語從句）Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（賓語從句）五、從句的簡化1.當主句謂語動詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動詞時，從句常簡化為“賓語＋賓補”結構，賓補為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2.當主句謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主語與從句主語相同時，從句可簡化為不定式結構。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在連接代詞/副詞引導的賓語從句中，當從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代詞/副詞＋不定式”結構。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？注意：一般情況下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情況例外。2）當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意為“是否”。如：Idon'tknowif／whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用whether：①在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時，尤其是直接與ornot連用時，往往用whether（if…ornot也可以使用）。如：Letmeknowwhether／ifhewillcomeornot．（＝Letmeknowwhetherornothewillcome）讓我知道他是否能來。Idon'tknowwhether／ifhedoesanywashingornot．（＝Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego．我不知道我們是去還是留。②在介詞之后用whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime．我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings．我擔心是否傷了她的感情。③在不定式前用whether。如：Whether

to

go

there

or

not

hasn’t

been

decided.

④whether置于句首時，不能換用if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．這是否真的我說不上來。⑤引導主語從句和表語從句時宜用whether。如：Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion．她是否能來還是個問題。Thequestioniswhetherwecancatchthebus．問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。⑥若用if會引起歧義時，則用whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解為：a．Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryoulikethebook．請告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。b．Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我。專項練習I.選擇填空。1.Doyouknow_____thistimeyesterday?

A.whoaretheywaitingB.whotheyarewaitingfor

C.whoweretheywaitingD.whotheywerewaitingfor

2.Couldyoutellus____?A.ifyourfatherdoesB.whatdoesyourfatherdoC.yourfatherdoeswhatD.whatyourfatherdoes

3.Canyoutellmewhat______nextSunday?

A.willtheydoB.theywoulddoC.wouldtheydoD.theywilldo

4.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenisit

5.Excuseme,couldyoutellme______?

A.whencanIgettothestationB.Icangettowhichstation

C.whichstationIcangettoD.howIcangettothestation

6.Canyoutellmewhere______?.

A.isthepostofficeB.thepostofficeisC.doesthepostofficeD.thepostofficedoes

7.Doyouknowwho______withateightyesterday?

A.heistalkingB.washetalkingC.hewastalkingD.ishetalking

8.Theywonderediftheteacher______usEnglishthenextterm.

A.wouldteachB.hadtaughtC.willteachD.taught

9.Hetoldmethatthesun______intheeast.A.risesB.raisesC.roseD.raised

10.Theboyasked______anynoisefromoutside.

A.whetherhadIheardB.whetherIhadheard

C.whetherhaveIheardD.whetherIhaveheard11.Thismapwillshowyou_______.

A.whereistheSummerPalaceB.wheretheSummerPalaceis

C.whereistheSummerPalacelikeD.howtheSummerPalaceislike

12.Mybrother________tothegroundwhile________hisbicycleandhurthisleg.

A.falls;isheridingB.fell;hewaC.falls;heisridingD.felt;washeriding13.Idon'tknow_____hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where14.Couldyoutellme___________?A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein15.Doyoustillremember_______?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay16.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft17.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen18.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.A.howfar/hadgoneB.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/wentD.howfarhad/run19.Themanagercameuptosee__________.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what'sthematter20.Canyoutellme___________?A.whereareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whereyouweredoingD.whereyoustudy21.Ireallydon’tknow_______thewindowyesterday..A.whobrokeB.whohadbrokenC.whybrokeD.whetherbreaks22.Heaskedhisfather_______.A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen23.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit24._______he'llcomeornotisn'timportant.A.WhyB.IfC.WhetherD.What25.Wouldyouliketoknow_______theywilldoitornot.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.why26.---Wheredoyouthink_____he____theTVset?----Sorry,I'venoidea.A./,boughtB.has,boughtC.did,buyD.didbought27.Ourhometownhaschangedalot.Whocantell_____itwouldbelikein_____fiveyears.A.how,anotherB.what,moreC.how,otherD.what,another28.----Couldyoutellme______?----Yes.He____totheUSA.A.whereishe/hasbeenB.whereheis/hasgoneC.wherewashe/hasbeenD.wherehewas/hasgone29.----Mikewantstoknowif____apicnictomorrow.----Yes.Butifit_______,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.A.youhave/willrainB.youwillhave/willrainC.youwillhave/rainsD.willyouhave/rains30.Idon'tknowifhe______tomorrow.Ifhe________,I'llmeethim.A.willcome/comesB.comes/comesC.willcome/willcomeD.comes/willcome31.Ireallydon'tknowifshe_______itwhenshe________.A.finds/arrivesB.finds/willarriveC.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives32Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen33.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are34.SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay35.Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtravelled36.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where37.Ihardlyhehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who38.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbedon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when40.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow41.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit42.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid43.Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijingdon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow．_________hecomes，I'lltellyou．A．if；WhetherB．whether；WhetherC．if；ThatD．if；IfII.句型轉換1.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.（改為賓語從句）→Pleasetellme__________________________________.2.Whatdoeshedo?Doyouknow?（改為賓語從句）→Doyouknow_______he_______?3.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.（改為賓語從句）→Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.4.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.（改為賓語從句）→Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.5.“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同義句）→Tom'smotheraskedhim_______