回顧名詞，形容詞，副詞，有將要的含義名詞，形容詞，形容詞，副詞，主動，進行形容詞，副詞，被動，完成現在分詞(表主動，進行)主動形式被動形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式現在分詞現在分詞作表語現在分詞作定語zxxk現在分詞作賓語補足語現在分詞作狀語現在分詞一、現在分詞作表語指的是一些已經形容詞化的現在分詞，比如：boring,discouraging,disappointing,exciting等現在分詞二、現在分詞作定語，表示主動或者正在進行1)現在分詞作定語，單個詞做定語時，

放在所修飾的名詞前,falling

leavestherisingsunrunningmandripping

water現在分詞2。現在分詞短語作定語，應放在所修飾的名詞后，相當于一個定語從句。Theyarevisitorscomingfromseveralcountries.whocomefromseveralcountries.ThreedayslaterIreceivedaletterofferingmethejob.Thegirlstandingthere__________________ismyclassmate.whostandstherewhichofferedmethejob.Practice:____dogsseldombite.BarkB.TobarkC.BarkedD.BarkingD(2)It’spleasuretowatchthefaceofa____baby.asleepB.sleepC.sleepingD.slept(3)The____buildingsshowedusthatanearthquakewascoming.A.shakingB.shookC.shakenD.shakeCA現在分詞三、現在分詞作賓語補語1）see,hear,feel,watch,notice,等+sb.+doingsth.Hesawagirlgettingonthetractor.=Hesawagirlandshewasgettingonthetractor.see(等其它詞，以see為例)sb.dosth.

doingsth.

done看見一件事情發生了看見一件事情正在發生看見一件事物或者人被現在分詞三、現在分詞作賓語補語2）have,leave,keep,(get,set,)等+sb.+doingsth.Iamsorryforhavingkeptyouwaitingforsolong.havesb.sth./sb.dosth.

doingsth.

done讓某人做某事讓某人一直做某事讓某事/某人被現在分詞三、現在分詞作賓語補語3with復合結構with+sb./sth.+doingsth.Maryleft,withthemachinerunningTomstayed,withhisparentshelpinghim.四、過去分詞與現在分詞作狀語過去分詞表完成、被動,與主句主語之間是被動關系;現在分詞表進行,主動,與主句主語之間是主動關系。attention現在分詞作狀語

注意各種形式變化：

主動形式被動形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式Eg.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.聽見鈴聲，學生們開始走進教室。（聽見和進入兩個動作同時發生）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現在正在建造地這棟樓房室我們地新圖書館（beingbuilt為現在分詞的被動形式，表示動作正在進行之中。）Havingdonethework,hewenthome.完成了工作，他就回家了。現在分詞作狀語：時間，條件，伴隨方式，原因，結果1.時間狀語：

Workinginthefactory,helearnedalotfromtheworkers.(分詞一般式）Havingreadtheletter,shegotveryexcited.（完成式）注①：現在分詞作時間,原因狀語：如果分詞所表示的動作和謂語的動作同時發生或幾乎同時發生，用現在分詞的一般式。如果分詞動作明顯在謂語之前發生，用現分完成式。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Havingarrivedatthefactory,theyimmediatelysettowork.注②：在作時間狀語的分詞前，可加連詞while,when，介詞after,before,on.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.OnarrivinginLondon,hemanagedtogetintouchwithher.=AssoonashearrivedinLondon,….2.現在分詞作條件狀語：Workinghard,youwillsucceed.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindthepathleadingtothesite.3.現在分詞作伴隨方式狀語：Shecamerunningtowardsme.Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhour,watchingthegame.Shesatatthedeskreadinganewspaper.Travelingbyjeep,wevisitedanumberofcities.Followingtheguide,theystartedtoclimb.4.現在分詞作原因狀語：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.注：

Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.（分詞完成式的肯定式）

Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.（分完否）5.現在分詞作結果狀語：（多用于句尾）Herhusbanddiedin1942,leavingherwithfivechildren.Thebuswasheldupbysnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hewascaughtintherain,thusmakinghimselfcatchcold.Ihurriedtoschool,onlytofindthatitwasSunday.Note:現在分詞表示必然結果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的結果，前可加only.

5.與邏輯主語構成獨立主格：

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽車時，一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經賣光了，他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時間允許，我們將做另兩個練習。

Note:

在用分詞短語作狀語時,它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致,如不一致則要加上它自己邏輯上的主語,這種結構稱為:有時也可用with(without)+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.

他點著燈睡著了。

6.作獨立成分：

Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.

從外表看，他一定是個演員。鞏固練習一1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing2.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added3.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake4.____upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look5._____suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered

鞏固練習2

Theysetout____forthe____boy.searching;losingB.searching;lostC.tosearch;lostD.searched;losing(2)Thestudentsatthere,____whattodo.doesn’tknowingB.didn’tknowingC.notknowD.notknowingCD現在分詞的否定式是在一般式和完成式的前面加not(never)3.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_____alongspeechforthepresident.(MET91)ToprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparing4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET98)MakingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeB現在分詞表結果狀語A現在分詞作伴隨狀語5.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid_______tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointD.andangrilypointingA現在分詞作伴隨狀語6Hesatthere_____,withhisheadonhishand.andthinkB.thinkingC.thoughtD.beingthought7.The____PrimeMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwithhistalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.visiting;addB.visited;addingC.visiting;addingD.visited;addedBC8.____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived9.______histelephonenumber,shehadsomedifficultygettingintouchwithBill.NotknowingB.knowingnotC.NothavingknownD.HavingnotknownCA現在分詞作原因狀語，分詞結構中否定詞通常放在現在分詞前面。作原因狀語鞏固練習三1.Sheiswritingalettertoafriendofhers,____himtotheparty.A.HavinginvitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.invited2.____allmyletters,Ihadadrinkandwentout.A.FinishedB.HavingfinishedC.FinishingD.Tofinish3.___whoshewas,shesaidshewasMr.Johnson’sfriend.A.AskingB.AskedC.TobeaskedD.Whenasking4.____Sunday,thestudentsareathome.A.BeingB.TobeC.ItisD.Itbeing5._____,yourcompositionisfullofmistakes.A.WritingcarelesslyB.WrittencarelesslyC.HavingwrittencarelesslyD.BeingwrittencarelesslyBBBDB

6.____severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptOnmakinghisexperiments.A.HavingbeenfailedB.HavingfailedC.ThoughfailedD.Becauseoffailure7.Thefood___atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.A.cookedB.tobecookedC.IsbeingcookedD.beingcooked8.Whilebuildingatunnelthroughthemountain,___.A.anundergroundlakewasdiscoveredB.therewasanundergroundlakediscoveredC.alakewasdiscoveredunderground.D.theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake

DDB