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雅思必背的長句100句1.TypicalofthegrasslanddwellersofthecontinentistheAmericanantelope,orpronghorn.(“主-系-表”結構,倒裝句。)2.OfthemillionswhosawHaley'scometin1986,howmanypeoplewilllivelongenoughtoseeitreturninthetwenty-firstcentury?(of介詞短語提前到句首,起強調作用,“常規位置”應在主謂之間,即people與willlive之間。)3.Anthropologistshavediscoveredthatfear,happiness,sadnessandsurpriseareuniversallyreflectedinfacialexpressions.(具有賓語從句的主從復合句,主句為現在完畢時,從句為一般現在時被動語態。)4.Becauseofitsirritatingeffectonhumans,theuseofphenolasageneralantiseptichasbeenlargelydiscontinued.(簡樸句,現在完畢時,被動語態,becauseof介詞短語作因素狀語。)5.Inordertoremaininexistence,aprofit-makingorganizationmust,inthelongrun,producesomethingconsumersconsiderusefulordesirable.(具有定語從句的主從復合句,定語從句的引導詞that在從句中作consider的賓語,故省略,usefulordesirable是形容詞作賓語補足語;inordertodosth.是不定式短語作目的狀語的強調形式;inthelongrun意為“長遠看來”/“最終”。)6.Thegreaterthepopulationthereisinalocality,thegreatertheneedthereisforwater,transportation,anddisposalofrefuse.("Themore...,themore..."特殊句型,通常譯為“越……,越……”;therebe句型;refuse在此不是“拒絕”的意思,而是“廢物,垃圾”。)7.Itismoredifficulttowritesimply,directlyandeffectivelythantoemployflowerybutvagueexpressionsthatonlyobscureone'smeaning.(具有比較狀語從句和定語從句的復合句,than引導的比較狀語從句為避免反復省略了謂語部分"itisdifficult";此句的重點是it代替不定式短語作“形式主句”,因素是避免“頭重腳輕”;that引導的定語從句是普通的“主謂賓”結構,obscure作動詞,被從句修飾/限定的“先行詞”是expressions。)8.Withmodernofficesbecomingmoremechanized,designersareattemptingtopersonalizethemwithwarmer,lesssevereinteriors.(簡樸句;典型的"with+n.+分詞短語"獨立主格結構,作狀語;attempt規定用不定式作賓語;形容詞的比較級;interiors在此是名詞,意為“內部裝飾”。)9.Thedifferencebetweenlibelandslanderisthatlibelisprintedwhileslanderisspoken.(具有表語從句的主從復合句,主句為“主-系-表”結構,從句是并列句;該句是表述區別的典型句式:ThedifferencebetweenAandBisthatA...whileB....;between介詞短語作后置定語。)10.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg.(具有定語從句的主從復合句,從句引導詞是關系副詞where,相稱于atwhich,從句是“主-謂-賓”結構,一般現在時;主句是“主-系-表”結構,一般現在時。)11.Acidsarechemicalcompoundsthat,inwatersolution,haveasharptaste,acorrosiveactiononmetals,andtheabilitytoturncertainbluevegetabledyesred.(“主-系-表”結構,名詞性表語帶有一個由that引導的限制性定語從句,從句是“主-謂-賓”結構,賓語是三個并列的名詞ataste,anactionandtheability;其中ability后跟不定式短語作定語,該短語中的red是賓語補足語。)12.BillieHoliday'sreputationasagreatjazz-bluessingerrestsonherabilitytogiveemotionaldepthtohersongs.(“主-謂”結構的簡樸句,主干是“reputationrests”,on介詞短語作狀語,介詞賓語ability后跟不定式短語作定語。)13.Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationofwhatisconceivedtobereality.(“主-系-表”結構,名詞性表語帶有of介詞短語作后置定語,介詞賓語是一個由what引的、被動語態的名詞性從句。)14.Longbeforechildrenareabletospeakorunderstandalanguage,theycommunicatethroughfacialexpressionsandbymakingnoises.(帶有由before引導的時間狀語從句的主從復合句;用一般現在時陳述客觀事實;主干句的theycommunicate是“主-謂”結構,through和by兩個介詞短語作狀語。)15.Thankstomodernirrigation,cropsnowgrowabundantlyinareaswhereoncenothingbutcactiandsagebrushcouldlive.(帶有where引導的定語從句的主從復合句;主句的主干cropsgrow是“主-謂”結構,in詞短語作狀語,介詞賓語后跟where引導的定語從句;主句是一般現在時,從句是一般過時;thanksto介詞短語作狀語。)16.Thedevelopmentofmechanicaltimepiecesspurredthesearchformoreaccuratesundialswithwhichtoregulatethem.(“主-謂-賓”結構的簡樸句;主干是developmentspurredsearch;主語和賓語均帶有介詞短語作定語;withwhichtoregulatethem是特殊的不定式短語,相稱于定語從句withwhichonecouldregulatethem;them指代的是timepieces。)17.Anthropologyisascienceinthatanthropologistsusearigoroussetofmethodsandtechniquestodocumentobservationsthatcanbecheckedbyothers.(具有inthat...因素狀語從句和that定語從句的主從復合句;主句是“主-系-表”結構,名詞作表語;定語從句是被動語態,先行詞是observations;todocumentobservations...是不定式短語作目的狀語。)18.Fungiareimportantintheprocessofdecay,whichreturnsingredientstothesoil,enhancessoilfertility,anddecomposesanimaldebris.(用一般現在時陳述真理性事實;具有非限制性定語從句的主從復合句,主句是“主-系-”結構,形容詞作表語,in介詞短語作狀語;定語從句是有三個謂語的并列句,先行詞是process,ofdecay介詞短語作process的定語。)19.Whenitisstruck,atuningforkproducesanalmostpuretone,retainingitspitchoveralongperiodoftime.(具有when時間狀語從句的主從復合句;主句主干是aforkproducesatone,顯然是“主-謂-賓”結構;tuning是動名詞作定語,表達用途;retaining...是現在分詞短語作隨著狀語。)20.AlthoughpecansaremostplentifulinthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates,theyarefoundasfarnorthasOhioandIllinois.(具有although引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句;主句是被動語態;從句是“主-系-表”結構。)21.Eliminatingproblemsbytransferringtheblametoothersisoftencalledscapegoating.

(被動語態簡樸句;主語是動名詞短語,其中的by介詞短語作動名詞eliminating的狀語;toothers是介詞短語作動名詞transferring的狀語;scapegoating是動名詞作主語補足語。)22.Thechieffoodseateninanycountrydependlargelyonwhatgrowsbestinitsclimateandsoil.(具有賓語從句的主從復合句;dependon意為“取決于”/“要看”;主語foods后跟過去分詞短語作定語,相稱于一個被動語態的定語從句,可改為thatareeateninanycountry...;what引導的名詞性從句作介詞on的賓語。)23.Overaverylargenumberoftrials,theprobabilityofanevent'soccurringisequaltotheprobabilitythatitwillnotoccur.(具有同位語從句的主從復合句;主句為“主-系-表”結構,表語是形容詞短語equalto...;of介詞短語作主語的定語;that引導同位語從句;over介詞短語作狀語。)24.Mostsubstancescontractwhentheyfreezesothatthedensityofasubstance'ssolidishigherthanthedensityofitsliquid.(主從復合句,具有when引導的時間狀語從句、sothat引導的結果狀語從句和than引導的比較狀語從句;主句主干substancescontract是“主-謂”結構。)25.Themechanismbywhichbraincellsstorememoriesisnotclearlyunderstood.(主從復合句,具有bywhich引導的定語從句;主句主干是被動語態;從句主干是“主-謂-賓”結構。)26.Bythemiddleofthetwentiethcentury,paintersandsculptorsintheUnitedStateshadbeguntoexertagreatworldwideinfluenceoverart.(簡樸句,過去完畢時與作時間狀語的by介詞短語連用;exertaninfluenceoversth./sb.對……施加影響;intheUnitedStates是介詞短語作定語。)27.IntheeasternpartofNewJerseyliesthecityofElizabeth,amajorshippingandmanufacturingcenter.(簡樸句,典型的倒裝句----主語是thecityofElizabeth,因素是主語帶有同位語,整個主語部分比較長----假如在逗號后添加whichis,句語主語的同位語就變成了非限制性定語從句;lie,stand,go,come等詞經常用于介詞短語(作地點狀語)提前到句首的倒裝句。)28.ElizabethBlackwell,thefirstwomanmedicaldoctorintheUnitedStates,foundedtheNewYorkInfirmary,aninstitutionthathasalwayshadacompletelyfemalemedicalstaff.(主從復合句,具有that引導的定語從句----先行詞institution作Infirmary的同位語;主句主干是“主-謂-賓”結構;主語和謂語之間是主語的同位語。)29.AlexanderGrahamBelloncetoldhisfamilythathewouldratherberememberedasateacherofthedeafthanastheinventorofthetelephone.(主從復合句,具有that引導的賓語從句和than引導的狀語從句;重點掌握表達“取舍”的句型“...wouldrather...than...”。)30.Becauseitsleavesremaingreenlongafterbeingpicked,rosemarybecameassociatedwiththeideaofremembrance.(主從復合句,具有because引導的因素狀語從句;主句和從句都是“主-系-表”結構,分別是過去分詞和形容詞作表語;remain和become都是連系動詞。)31.Althoughapparentlyrigid,bonesexhibitadegreeofelasticitythatenablestheskeletontowithstandconsiderableimpact.(主從復合句,具有that引導的定語從句;主句是“主-謂-賓”結構,從句是“主-謂-賓-補”結構;掌握固定搭配“enablesb./sth.todosth.”,towithstand...是不定式短語作賓語補足語;althoughapparentlyrigid是一個作狀語的形容詞短語,相稱于although引導的讓步狀語從句"althoughtheyareapparentlyrigid"。)32.Thatxenoncouldnotformchemicalcompoundswasoncebelievedbyscientists.(主從復合句,具有that引導的主語從句,引導詞that不充當成分也沒有任何意義但不能省略;主句主干是“主-謂”結構,被動語態。)33.Researchintothedynamicsofstormsisdirectedtowardimprovingtheabilitytopredicttheseeventsandthustominimizedamageandavoidlossoflife.(簡樸句,主干是researchisdirected,被動語態;into介詞短語作后置定語;towardimproving...介詞短語作狀語;improvingtheability...動名詞短語作介詞toward的賓語;topredict...andtominimize...andavoid...是不定式短語作ability的定語。)34.Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhavethesamevalueastheamountofmoneyborrowed.(虛擬語氣主從復合句,具有that引導的賓語從句;主句主干“eliminationwouldensurethat...”是“主-謂-賓”結構;從句主干“theamountwouldhavethevalue...”是“主-謂-賓”結構;as引導特殊的定語從句,掌握thesame...as...;注意過去分詞used...和borrowed作定語,相稱于被動語態的定語從句,可分別改為“thatisusedinrepayingaloan”和“thatwasborrowed”。)35.Futurism,anearlytwentieth-centurymovementinart,rejectedalltraditionsandattemptedtoglorifycontemporarylifebyemphasizingthemachineandmotion.(并列句,一個主語兩個謂語;兩個分句共用一個主語,都是“主謂賓”結構,主干分別是“futurismrejectedtraditions”和“futurismattemptedtoglorify...”;toglorify...by...是不定式短語作attempted的賓語;byemphasizingthemachineandmotion是介詞短語作toglorify的狀語;兩個逗號之間是同位語,加上whichwas即可改為非限制性定語從句。)36.OneofthewildestandmostinaccessiblepartsoftheUnitedStatesistheEvergladeswherewildlifeisabundantandlargelyprotected.(主從復合句,具有where引導的定語從句。)37.LucretiaMott'sinfluencewassosignificantthatshehasbeencreditedbysomeauthoritiesastheoriginatoroffeminismintheUnitedStates.(主從復合句,具有so...that引導的結果狀語從句;建議把so...that...“如此……以致于……”當作句型來記;主句是“主系表”結構,從句是被動語態,“主謂”結構,by介詞短語和as短語都是狀語,of和in介詞短語作后置定語。)38.Theactivitiesoftheinternationalmarketingresearcherarefrequentlymuchbroaderthanthoseofthedomesticmarketer.(主從復合句,具有than引導的比較狀語從句,從句省略了謂語部分“arebroad”;of介詞短語作后置定語;those代替前面出現過的復數名詞activities,是英語里避免反復的習慣用法。)39.ThecontinentaldividereferstoanimaginarylineintheNorthAmericanRockiesthatdividethewatersflowingintotheAtlanticOceanfromthoseflowingintothePacific.(主從復合句,具有that引導的定語從句,先行詞是line,intheNorthAmericanRockies是介詞短語作定語,作定語的短語位置應在定語從句之前;主句主干“dividereferstoaline”是“主謂賓”結構,從句主干“thatdividethewatersfrom...”也是“主謂賓”結構;those指代前面出現過的復數名詞waters。)40.StudiesofthegravityfieldoftheEarthindicatethatitscrustandmantleyieldwhenunusualweightisplacedonthem.(主從復合句,具有that引導的賓語從句和when引導的時間狀語從句;兩個of介詞短語均作后置定語;主句的主干“Studiesindicatethat...”是“主謂賓”結構;賓語從句的主干“crustandmantleyield”是“主謂”結構;時間狀語從句的主干“weightisplacedon...”是“主-謂-主補”結構;them指代的是theearth'scrustandmantle。)41.TheannualworthofUtah'smanufacturingisgreaterthanthatofitsminingandfarmingcombined.

(復合句,具有than引導的比較狀語從句;that指代前面出現過的不可數名詞worth。)42.Thewallflowerissocalledbecauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstonycliffsforsupport.(復合句,具有because引導的因素狀語從句;on,along,for介詞短語均作狀語。)43.Itistheinteractionbetweenpeople,ratherthantheeventsthatoccurintheirlives,thatisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.(強調句型“Itis...that/who...”,強調句子主語interaction;兩個逗號之間是ratherthan表達舍棄/否認的短語;“主-系-表”結構,名詞作表語。非強調表述法:Theinteractionbetweenpeopleisthemainfocusofsocialpsychology.)44.NosocialcrusadearousedElisabethWilliam'senthusiasmmorethantheexpansionofeducationalfacilitiesforimmigrantstotheUnitedStates.(用比較級表達最高級含義;“no...morethan”句型;具有than引導的比較狀語從句;of,for,to介詞短語均作后置定語,被限定的名詞分別是expansion,facilities,immigrants。)45.Quailstypicallyhaveshortroundedwingsthatenablethemtospringintofullflightinstantlywhendisturbedintheirhidingplaces.(復合句,具有that引導的定語從句;主句是“主-謂-賓”結構;從句是“主-謂賓-補”結構,tospring...不定式短語作賓補;whendisturbed...是帶有連詞的過去分詞短語,相稱于被動語態的時間狀語從句“whentheyaredisturbedintheirhidingplaces”。)46.Accordingtoanthropologists,theearliestancestorsofhumansthatstooduprightresembledchimpanzeesfacially,withslopingforeheadsandprotrudingbrows.(復合句,具有that引導的定語從句“thatstoodupright”,先行詞是ancestors,ofhumans是介詞短語作定語;主句主干"ancestorsresembledchimpanzees"是“主-謂-賓”結構;with介詞短語作狀語,sloping和protruding都是現在分詞作定語。)47.Notuntil1866wasthefullysuccessfultransatlanticcablefinallylaid.(Notuntil置于句首的倒裝句,起強調時間狀語notuntil...的作用,請注意必須是主句“部分倒裝”;本句是簡樸句,正常語序應為“Thefullysuccessfultransatlanticcablewasnotfinallylaiduntil1866.”)48.Inhiswriting,JohnCroweRansomdescribeswhatheconsidersthespiritualbarrennessofsocietybroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology.(復合句,具有what引導的賓語從句,其中barrenness在從句中作賓補;broughtaboutby...是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相稱于被動語態的定語從句“thathasbeenbroughtaboutbyscienceandtechnology”,先行詞是barrenness,ofsociety是介詞短語作后置定語;inhiswriting是介詞短語作狀語。)49.Childrenwithparentswhoseguidanceisfirm,consistent,andrationalareinclinedtopossesshighlevelsofself-confidence.(復合句,具有whose引導的定語從句,先行詞是parents;主句和從句都是“主-系-表”結構。)50.TheancientHopewellpeopleofNorthAmericaprobablycultivatedcornandothercrops,buthuntingandgatheringwerestillofcriticalimportanceintheireconomy.(由but連接的并列句,第一分句的主干“peoplecultivatedcornandothercrops”是“主謂賓”結構;第二分句的主干“huntingandgatheringwereofimprotance”是“主系表”結構,“of+抽象名詞”是介詞短語作表語,相稱于一個形容詞:beofcriticalimportance=becriticallyimportance)51.Usingmanysymbolsmakesitpossibletoputalargeamountofinformationonasinglemap.(簡樸句,“主-謂-賓-補”結構,it作形式賓語,真正的賓語是toput...不定式短語;using...是動名詞短語作主語。)52.Anarchismisatermdescribingaclusterofdoctrinesandattitudeswhoseprincipalunitingfeatureisthebeliefthatgovernmentisbothharmfulandunnecessary.(復合句,具有whose引導的定語從句和that引導的同位語從句;describing...是現在分詞短語作后置定語,改為“thatdescribes...”則變成一個積極語態的定語從句;定語從句的先行詞是doctrinesandattitudes;主句和從句都是“主-系-表”結構,主句主干是“Anarchismisaterm”,定語從句的主干是“featureisthebelief”,同位語從句的主干是“governmentisbothharmfulandunnecessary”。)53.ProbablynomanhadmoreeffectonthedailylivesofmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesthandidHenryFord,apioneerinautomobileproduction.(“no...morethan”句型,以比較級的形式表達最高級的含義;復合句,注意比較狀語從句里的技術性倒裝,因素是主語后面跟有一個名詞短語作同位語;重要搭配:haveeffecton...。)54.Theuseofwell-chosennonsensewordsmakespossiblethetestingofmanybasichypothesesinthefieldoflanguagelearning.(簡樸句,“主-謂-賓-補”結構----possbile形容詞作賓補;主干是“usemakestestingpossible”;句子將賓補提前到賓語之前,因素是賓語部分比較長----帶有of介詞短語作定語;of,of,in,of介詞短語均作定語。)55.Thehistoryofpaintingisafascinatingchainofeventsthatprobablybeganwiththeveryfirstpicturesevermade.(復合句,具有that引導的定語從句;主句主干“Thehistoryisachainofevents”是“主系表”結構;定語從句所修飾的先行詞是events,從句是“主謂”結構,with介詞短語作狀語;ofpainting是介詞短語作定語;fascinating是現在分詞活用作形容詞,作定語;evermade是過去分詞短語作定語,相稱于被動語態的定語從句“thathaveeverbeenmade”。)56.Perfectlymatchedpearls,strungintoanecklace,bringafarhigherpricethanthesamepearlssoldindividually.(復合句,具有than引導的比較狀語從句----從句省略了謂語部分“wouldbring”;strungintoanecklece是過去分詞短語,相稱于定語從句“that/whichhavebeenstrungintoanecklace”;soldindividually是過去分詞短語作定語,相稱于“thatweresoldindividually”。主句主干是“pearlsbringaprice”,“主-謂-賓”結構。)57.Duringtheeighteenthcentury,LittleTurtlewaschiefoftheMiamitribewhoseterritorybecamewhatisnowIndianaandOhio.(復合句,具有whose引導的定語從句---先行詞是tribe---和what引導的表語從句;主句和兩個從句都是“主-系-表”結構,主干分別是“LittleTurtlewaschief”、“territorybecame...”、“whatisIndianaandOhio”;during介詞短語作時間狀語,of介詞短語作后置定語----短語作定語時都必須后置。)58.Amongalmostsevenhundredspeciesofbamboo,somearefullygrownatlessthanafoothigh,whileotherscangrowthreefeetintwenty-fourhours.(while連接的并列句,among介詞短語置于句首起強調作用---請參看第2句;第一分句是主系表”結構,grown過去分詞作表語;第二分句是“主謂”結構---grow是不介物動詞,threefeet是名詞短語作狀語;at和in介詞短語都作狀語;while連接兩個分句時有比較、對照的含義。)59.Beforestartingonaseavoyage,prudentnavigatorslearntheseacharts,studythesailingdirections,andmemorizelighthouselocationstopreparethemselvesforanyconditionstheymightencounter.(并列句+復合句,具有定語從句,先行詞是conditions;learn,study,memorize三個謂語動詞并列,共用一個主語navigators;toprepare...不定式短語作目的狀語;beforestarting...現在分詞短語作時間狀語;prepare...for...是一個很重要的句型。)60.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeentheleaststudied.(簡樸句,現在完畢時,被動語態;of介詞短語置于句首,相對獨立,起強調作用。請參見第2句,理解并熟讀后模仿造句。)61.Buyersandsellersshouldbeaware(that)newdevelopmentintechnologycananddoesaffectmarketingactivities.(主從復合句,主句是“主-系-表”結構,由that引導的從句是一種特殊的狀語從句;建議把“beawarethat...”當作句型來記;doesaffect是affect的強調形式---原形謂語動詞前加do/does/did是強調謂語的最常見方式;marketing是動名詞作定語;intechnology是介詞短語作后置定語。)62.Theapplicationofelectroniccontrolsmadepossiblebythemicroprocessorandcomputerstoragehasmultipliedtheusesofthemoderntypewriter.(簡樸句,主干"Theapplicationhasmultipliedtheuses"是“主-謂-賓”結構;兩個of介詞短語均作后置定語;"madepossibleby...and..."是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相稱于被動語態的定語從句"thathasbeenmadepossiblebythemicroprocessorandcomputerstorage",注意:先行詞是application;定語從句中的possible是形容詞作主語補足語。)63.Thehumanskeletonconsistsofmorethantwohundredbonesboundtogetherbytoughandrelativelyinelasticconnectivetissuescalledligaments.(簡樸句,“主謂賓”結構,謂語consistof是固定搭配,常見的同義表達法有:bemadeupof,becomposedof,etc.此句值得注意的是過去分詞作后置定語:boundtogetherby...可改為定語從句"thatareboundbytoughandrelativelyinelasticconnectivetissues";calledligaments可改為定語從句"thatarecalledligaments";inelastic與elastic互為反義詞,in-是常見的否認意義前綴,有im-,il-,ir-等幾種變體。)64.Thepigmentationofapearlisinfluencedbythetypeofoysterinwhichitdevelopsandbythedepth,temperature,andthesaltcontentofthewaterinwhichtheoysterlives.(主從復合句,包含兩個由inwhich引導的定語從句,先行詞分別為oyster和water;主句是被動語態;ofthewater...是介詞短語作depth,temperature,saltcontent的定語;it指代的是apearl。)65.Althoughmockingbirdssuperblymimicthesongsandcallsofmanybirds,theycannonethelessbequicklyidentifiedasmockingbirdsbycertainauralclues.(主從復合句,具有由although引導的讓步狀語從句,“主謂賓”結構;主句是被動語態,as...和by...均作狀語。)66.Notonlycanwalkingfishliveoutofwater,buttheycanalsotravelshortdistancesoverland.(并列句,notonly...butalso...的典型例證,只需注意notonly置于句首時的部分倒裝67.Scientistsdonotknowwhydinosaursbecameextinct,butsometheoriespostulatethatchangesingeography,climate,andsealevelswereresponsible.(并列+復合句,but是并列連詞;具有兩個賓語從句,分別由why和that引導,均為“主-系-表”結構;ingeography,climateandsealevels是介詞短語作后置定語。)68.Thescienceofhorticulture,inwhichtheprimaryconcernsaremaximumyieldandsuperiorquality,utilizesinformationderivedfromothersciences.(主從復合句,具有一個由inwhich引導的、“主系表”結構的、非限制性定語從句;science和horticulture是“同位關系”;derivedfromothersciences是過去分詞短語作后置定語,相稱于被動語態的定語從句"thatis/hasbeenderivedfromothersciences"。)69.Snowaidsfarmersbykeepingheatinthelowergroundlevels,therebysavingtheseedsfromfreezing.(簡樸句,“主謂賓”結構,by介詞短語作狀語,其中具有動名詞短語keeping...in...----in介詞短語作“賓語補足語”;saving...是現在分詞短語作隨著狀語。)70.Eventhoughtheprecisequalitiesofheroinliteraryworksmayvaryovertime,thebasicexemplaryfunctionoftheheroseemstoremainconstant.(主從復合句,具有eventhough引導的讓步狀語從句,“主-謂”結構,of、in等介詞短語均作定語;主句為“主-系-表”結構。)71.Peopleinprehistorictimescreatedpaintsbygrindingmaterialssuchasplantsandclayintopowderandthenaddingwater.(簡樸句,“主謂賓”結構,by+動名詞短語作狀語,grinding和adding并列;in介詞短語作定語。)72.Oftenveryannoyingweeds,goldenrodscrowdoutlesshardyplantsandactashoststomanyinsectpests.(并列句,兩個分句共用一個主語goldenrods;逗號前面的部分是一個相對獨立的名詞性短語,屬附加成分;annoying是現在分詞活用作形容詞,與intereting,disappointing,embarrassing,exciting,beguiling相仿。)73.Startingaround7000BC,andforthenextfourthousandyears,muchoftheNorthernHemisphereexperiencedtemperatureswarmerthanatpresent.(主從復合句,主干是“主謂賓”結構;具有一個省略的比較狀語從句---該從句是形容詞短語warmerthanatpresent的一部分,該短語作后置定語,相稱于一個“主系表”結構的定語從句,可改寫為“(temperatures)thatwerewarmerthan(temperaturesare)atpresent”;starting...是現在分詞短語作時間狀語;for...是介詞短語作時間狀語。)74.WhenHenryFordfirstsoughtfinancialbackingformakingcars,theverynotionoffarmersandclerksowningautomobileswasconsideredridiculous.(主從復合句,具有一個when引導的時間狀語從句---“主謂賓”結構;主句是被動語態---“主-謂-主補”結構;of介詞短語作后置定語,ridiculous作主語補足語;"thevery+n."是強調表達法,語序不可換,定冠詞也不可省略。)75.Thoughoncequitelarge,thepopulationofthebaldeagleacrossNorthAmericahasdrasticallydeclinedinthepastfortyyears.(簡樸句,主干“populationhasdeclined”是“主-謂”結構,of介詞短語作后置定語,in介詞短語作時間狀語;thoughoncequitelarge是一個作狀語的形容詞短語,是由讓步狀語從句"Thoughitwasoncequitelarge"省略而來---it指代的是句子主語population。)76.Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialwithwhichtobuilditshome.(簡樸句,“主謂賓”結構,toget...不定式短語作目的狀語;withwhichtobuilditshome是特殊的不定式短語作定語,相稱于定語從句"withwhichitcanbuilditshome"---先行詞是material。)77.Poodleswereonceusedasretrieversinduckhunting,buttheAmericanKennelClubdoesnotconsiderthemsportingdogsbecausetheyarenowprimarilykeptaspets.(并列-復合句,but是并列連詞,連接兩個并列分句,前一個分句顯然是被動語態簡樸句,后一個分句則是主從復合句---具有一個由because引導的因素狀語從句;主句是“主-謂-賓-賓補”結構,從句是被動語態。)78.Asaresultofwhatisnowknowninphysicsandchemistry,scientistshavebeenabletomakeimportantdiscoveriesinbiologyandmedicine.(主從復合句,具有一個what引導的賓語從句---介詞賓語;asaresultof...是很實用的短語介詞,意為“由于/由于”;主句是“主-謂-賓”結構---把beableto視為謂語的一部分。)79.ThepracticeofmakingexcellentfilmsbasedonratherobscurenovelshasbeengoingonsolongintheUnitedStatesastoconstituteatradition.(精品簡樸句主干“thepracticehasbeengoingon”是“主謂”結構;of介詞短語作后置定語,其中具有一個“動-賓-后定”結構的動名詞短語,過去分詞短語basedon...相稱于定語從句"thatarebasedonratherobscurenovels";so...asto...是不定式短語作結果狀語的典型句式,意為“如此……以致于”,相稱于結果狀語從句"(solongintheUS)thatithasconstitutedatradition"。)80.Sincetheconsumerconsidersthebestfruittobethemostattractive,thegrowermustprovideproductsthatsatisfythediscerningeye.(主從復合句,since引導因素狀語從句---“主-謂-賓-補”結構,其中tobethemostattractive是不定式短語作賓語補足語;that引導定語從句;discerning是現在分詞活用作形容詞,作定語。)81.Television,themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth,ismovingintoanewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichpromisestoreshapeourlivesandourworld.(主從復合句,具有which引導的非限制性定語從句---先行詞是era,其中toreshape...是不定式短語作賓語;themost...technologies是名詞性插入語,相稱于非限制性定語從句"whichisthemost...technologies";markedby...是過去分詞短語作插入語,相稱于非限制性定語從句"whichis/hasbeenmarked...";aneraof...是名詞性短語作同位語,其中of...介詞短語作后置定語。)82.Televisionismorethanjustelectronics;itisameansofexpression,aswellasavehicleforcommunication,andassuchbecomesapowerfultoolforreachingotherhumanbeings.(并列句,分號是并列標志,and是并列連詞;三個分句都是“主-系-表”結構。)83.Evenmoreshockingisthefactthatthenumberandrateofimprisonmenthavemorethandoubledoverthepasttwentyyears,andrecidivism--thatistherateofrearrest--ismorethan60percent.(主從復合句,主句倒裝。破折號之前的是插入語;主句主語fact后跟有that引導的同位語從句---該從句又是一個由and連接的并列句:第一分句的主干"thenumberandratehave...doubled"是“主-謂”結構;第二分句"recidivismismorethan60percent"是“主-系-表”結構。)84.HisteachingbeganattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,butWilliamRaineyHarperluredhimtothenewUniversityofChicago,whereheremainedofficiallyforexactlyagenerationandwherehisstudentsinadvancedcompositionfoundhimterrifyinglyfrigidintheclassroombutsympatheticandunderstandingintheirpersonalconferences.(并列-復合句,but是并列連詞;第一分句是“主謂”結構,MIT是世界聞名的“麻省理工學院”;第二分句中具有兩個由where引導的非限制性定語從句,先行詞是“芝加哥大學”,主句是“主-謂-賓-補”結構,第一個從句是“主-謂”結構,第二個從句是“主-謂-賓-補”結構;at,for,in等介詞短語作狀語;to介詞短語作賓補;oftechnology,ofChicago,inadvancedcomposition都是介詞短語作后置定語;特別值得注意和學習的是:"findsb./sth.+adj."句型---“動-賓-補”結構。)85.Theslothpayssuchlittleattentiontoitspersonalhygienethatgreenalgaegrowonitscoarsehairandcommunitiesofaparasiticmothliveinthedepthsofitscoatproducingcaterpillarswhichgrazeonitsmouldyhair.(精品難句,并列-復合句,具有兩個從句,一個是(such...)that引導的結果狀語從句---這個從句是一個并列句,and連接了兩個“主-謂”結構的分句;另一個是which引導的定語從句---先行詞是caterpillars;producing...是現在分詞作隨著狀語。)Itsmusclesaresuchthatitisquiteincapableofmovingataspeedofoverakilometeranhourevenovertheshortestdistancesandtheswiftestmovementitcanmakeisasweepofitshookedarm.(并列-復合句,and連接兩個并列分句,第一分句具有that引導的結果狀語從句,第二分句具有省略關系代詞that的定語從句---先行詞是movement;be(in)capableofdoingsth.是一個很有用的句型;at,over介詞短語作狀語,of介詞短語作定語。)86.Artificialflowersareusedforscientificaswellasfordecorativepurposes.(簡樸句,“主-謂(-狀)”結構,被動語態。)Theyaremadefromavarietyofmaterials,suchaswaxandglass,soskillfullythattheycanscarcelybedistinguishedfromnaturalflowers.(主從復合句,具有(so...)that引導的結果狀語從句,主從句均為被動語態,suchas...是插入語;注意句型:bemadefrom...和bedistinguishedfrom...,改為積極語態應為makesomethingfrom...和distinguishsomethingfrom...)87.ThreeyearsofresearchatanabandonedcoalmineinArgonne,Illinois,haveresultedinfindingsthatscientistsbelievecanhelpreclaimthousandsofminedisposalsitesthatscarthecoal-richregionsoftheUntiedStates.(主從復合句,主句是“主謂”結構,"resultin"意為“導致/導致”;具有兩個由that引導的定語從句---第一個定語從句所修飾的先行詞是findings,“主謂賓”結構,"scientistsbelieve"是插入語,reclaim...是省略to的動詞不定式短語作help的賓語;第二個定語從句的先行詞是sites,“主謂賓”結構。)88.Whenthepersuadingandtheplanningforthewesternrailroadshadfinallybeencompleted,thereallychallengingtaskremained:thedangerous,sweaty,backbreaking,brawlingbusinessofactuallybuildingthelines.(主從復合句,具有一個由when引導的時間狀語從句,過去完畢時,被動語態,for介詞短語作定語;主句是“主謂”結構,冒號/破折號起解釋作用,后面是一個名詞性短語,中心詞是business,前后都是定語。)89.Becauseofthespacecrunch,theArtMuseumhasbecomeincreasinglycautiousinconsideringacquisitionsanddonationsofart,insomecasespassingupopportunitiestostrengthenitscollections.(精品簡樸句,主干"museumhasbecomecautious"是“主-系-表”結構;becauseof,in介詞短語短語作狀語;insomecases=sometimes;passingup...是現在分詞短語作隨著狀語;tostrengthenitscollections是動

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