Dublinisoneoftheworld'sgreatestliterarycities.201330060130英語翻譯1班陸國斌George

Bernard

Shaw

(1856-1950)

Irish

dramatist,

literary

critic,

a

socialist

spokesman,

and

a

leading

figure

in

the

20th

century

theater.

Shaw

was

a

freethinker,

defender

of

women's

rights,

and

advocate

of

equality

of

income.

In

1925

he

was

awarded

the

Nobel

Prize

for

Literature.

George

Bernard

Shaw

was

born

in

Dublin,

where

he

grew

up

in

something

close

to

genteel

poverty.

"I

am

a

typical

Irishman;

my

family

came

from

Yorkshire,"

Shaw

once

said.

His

father,

George

Carr

Shaw,

was

in

the

wholesale

grain

trade.

George

Bernard

Shaw

was

not

merely

the

best

comic

dramatist

of

his

time

but

also

one

of

the

most

significant

playwrights

in

the

English

language

since

the

17th

century.

Some

of

his

greatest

works

for

thestage

have

a

high

seriousness

and

prose

beauty

that

were

unmatched

by

his

stage

contemporaries.

A

visionary

and

mystic

whose

philosophy

of

moral

passion

permeates

his

plays,

Shaw

was

also

the

most

trenchant

pamphleteer

since

Swift;

the

most

readable

music

critic

in

English;

the

best

theatre

critic

of

his

generation;

a

prodigious

lecturer

and

essayist

on

politics,

economics,

and

sociological

subjects;

and

one

of

the

most

prolific

letter

writers

in

literature.

By

bringing

a

bold

critical

intelligence

to

his

many

other

areas

of

interest,

he

helped

mold

the

political,

economic,

and

sociological

thought

of

three

generations.W.B.YeatsWilliamButlerYeats(/?je?ts/;13June1865–28January1939)wasanIrishpoetandoneoftheforemostfiguresof20thcenturyliterature.ApillarofboththeIrishandBritishliteraryestablishments,inhislateryearsheservedasanIrishSenatorfortwoterms.In1923hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiteratureasthefirstIrishmansohonoured[1]forwhattheNobelCommitteedescribedas"inspiredpoetry,whichinahighlyartisticformgivesexpressiontothespiritofawholenation."YeatsisgenerallyconsideredoneofthefewwriterswhocompletedtheirgreatestworksafterbeingawardedtheNobelPrize.W.B.YeatsHewasborninDublinandeducatedthereandinLondon;hespenthischildhoodholidaysinCountySligo.HestudiedpoetryinhisyouthandfromanearlyagewasfascinatedbybothIrishlegendsandtheoccult.Hisearliestvolumeofversewaspublishedin1889,anditsslow-pacedandlyricalpoemsdisplayYeats'debtstoEdmundSpenser,PercyByssheShelley,andthepoetsofthePre-RaphaeliteBrotherhood.From1900,Yeats'spoetrygrewmorephysicalandrealistic.Helargelyrenouncedthetranscendentalbeliefsofhisyouth,thoughheremainedpreoccupiedwithphysicalandspiritualmasks,aswellaswithcyclicaltheoriesoflife.SamuelBarclayBeckettSamuelBarclayBeckett(/?b?k?t/;13April1906–22December1989)wasanIrishavant-gardenovelist,playwright,theatredirector,andpoet,wholivedinParisformostofhisadultlifeandwroteinbothEnglishandFrench.Hisworkoffersableak,tragicomicoutlookonhumannature,oftencoupledwithblackcomedyandgallowshumour.Beckettiswidelyregardedasamongthemostinfluentialwritersofthe20thcentury.Heisconsideredoneofthelastmodernists.Asaninspirationtomanylaterwriters,heisalsosometimesconsideredoneofthefirstpostmodernists.HeisoneofthekeywritersinwhatMartinEsslincalledthe"TheatreoftheAbsurd".Hisworkbecameincreasinglyminimalistinhislatercareer.Beckettwasawardedthe1969NobelPrizeinLiterature"forhiswriting,which—innewformsforthenovelanddrama—inthedestitutionofmodernmanacquiresitselevation".HewaselectedSaoiofAosdánain1984.JamesJoyceJamesAugustine[1]AloysiusJoyce

(2February1882–13January1941)wasanIrishnovelistandpoet,consideredtobeoneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthemodernistavant-gardeoftheearly20thcentury.JoyceisbestknownforUlysses(1922),alandmarkworkinwhichtheepisodesofHomer'sOdysseyareparalleledinanarrayofcontrastingliterarystyles,perhapsmostprominentamongthesethestreamofconsciousnesstechniqueheutilized.Otherwell-knownworksaretheshort-storycollectionDubliners(1914),andthenovelsAPortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(1916)andFinnegansWake(1939).Hisotherwritingsincludethreebooksofpoetry,aplay,occasionaljournalism,andhispublishedletters.OliverGoldsmithOliverGoldsmith(10November1728–4April1774)wasanAnglo-Irish[1]novelist,playwrightandpoet,whoisbestknownforhisnovelTheVicarofWakefield(1766),hispastoralpoemTheDesertedVillage(1770),andhisplaysTheGood-Natur'dMan(1768)andSheStoopstoConquer(1771,firstperformedin1773).HealsowroteAnHistoryoftheEarthandAnimatedNature.Heisthoughttohavewrittentheclassicchildren'staleTheHistoryofLittleGoodyTwo-Shoes,thesourceofthephrase"goodytwo-shoes".Goldsmithwasdescribedbycontemporariesaspronetoenvy,acongenialbutimpetuousanddisorganisedpersonalitywhoonceplannedtoemigratetoAmericabutfailedbecausehemissedhisship.ThomasDeQuinceywroteofhim'AllthemotionofGoldsmith'snaturemovedinthedirectionofthetrue,thenatural,thesweet,thegentle'.JonathanSwiftJonathanSwift(30November1667–19October1745)wasanAnglo-Irish

satirist,essayist,politicalpamphleteer(firstfortheWhigs,thenfortheTories),poetandclericwhobecameDeanofStPatrick'sCathedral,Dublin.HeisrememberedforworkssuchasGulliver'sTravels,AModestProposal,AJournaltoStella,Drapier'sLetters,TheBattleoftheBooks,AnArgumentAgainstAbolishingChristianity,andATaleofaTub.SwiftisregardedbytheEncyclop?diaBritannicaastheforemostprosesatiristintheEnglishlanguage,andislesswellknownforhispoetry.Heisalsoknownforbeingamasteroftwostylesofsatire:theHoratianandJuvenalianstyles.OscarWildeOscarFingalO'FlahertieWillsWilde(16October1854–30November1900)wasanIrishwriterandpoet.Afterwritingindifferentformsthroughoutthe1880s,hebecameoneofLondon'smostpopularplaywrightsintheearly1890s.Todayheisrememberedforhisepigrams,hisnovelThePictureofDorianGray,hisplays,andthecircumstancesofhisimprisonmentandearlydeath.Wilde'sparentsweresuccessfulAnglo-IrishDublinintellectuals.TheirsonbecamefluentinFrenchandGermanearlyinlife.Atuniversity,WildereadGreats;heprovedhimselftobeanoutstandingclassicist,firstatDublin,thenatOxford.Hebecameknownforhisinvolvementintherisingphilosophyofaestheticism,ledbytwoofhistutors,WalterPaterandJohnRuskin.Afteruniversity,WildemovedtoLondonintofashionableculturalandsocialcircles.Asaspokesmanforaestheticism,hetriedhishandatvariousliteraryactivities:hepublishedabookofpo