CharlesDickens查爾斯·狄更斯Introuction

CharlesJohnHuffamDickens(7February1812–9June1870)wasanEnglishwriterandsocialcritic.Hecreatedsomeoftheworld'smostwell-knownfictionalcharactersandisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedented（史無前例的，空前的）fame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhewaswidelyseenasaliterarygenius['d?inj?s]bycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular.LifetimeBorninPortsmouth,England,Dickenswasforcedtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory

whenhisfatherwasthrownintodebtors'prison.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.Overhiscareerheeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,fivenovellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedandperformedextensively,wasanindefatigableletterwriter,andcampaignedvigorouslyforchildren'srights,education,andothersocialreforms.狄更斯出生在英國樸茨茅斯，在他的父親因債務被投入監獄之后，他離開了學校去工廠上班。雖然他只接受了一點兒的正規教育，但是他早期的貧困經歷促使他走向了成功。在他的職業生涯中，他為了一個周刊做了20年的編輯，寫了15部小說，5部中篇小說，以及數百計的短篇故事和非小說類文章，他還不斷地演講和表演，是一位不知疲倦的多產作家。同時，他還為了兒童權利、教育、和其他社會改革進行積極的競選。LiteraryStyle?Fantasticoptimism充滿幻想的樂觀精神?Novelapicaresca“流浪漢小說”的結構模式?Exaggeration夸張的藝術手法?GentleReformismandstronghumanitarian溫和的改良主義和強烈的人道主義?Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality對資產者及道德的辛辣批判?Explorationofman'sinnerconflicts尖銳的矛盾沖突主導情節設計?Humorandsatiresocialcriticism幽默、尖銳的社會批判Forexample,thenameMr.MurdstoneinDavidCopperfieldstandsbymurderandstonycoldness.Hecallsonecharacterthe"NobleRefrigerator"—areoftenpopular.Comparingorphanstostocksandshares,peopletotugboats,ordinner-partygueststofurniturearejustsomeofDickens'sacclaimedflightsoffancy.舉個例子：《大衛科波菲爾》中摩德斯通先生的名字讓人想起了謀殺和無情的冷漠雙重意思。他的文學風格也混合了幻想和現實主義。他把對英國貴族的勢力和諷刺經常很流行，例如把一個人物稱為”高貴的冰箱“。把嬰兒比作股票和股份，把人比作商船，把宴會上的客人比作家具只僅僅是地封死被贊揚的精彩想象中的一部分。DifferentPeriodsofWorksEarlyWorks(1833---1841)Thought:Hecouldn'trecognizethereality,sohestillhavethehopewiththekindofbourgeois.TheKeynotesofWorks:optimismWritingTechniques:TheStructureofPicaresqueNovelsTheplotcoincidenceTheBritishSenseofHumourMasterworksThePickwickPapers《匹克威克先生外傳》OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》NicholasNickleby

《尼古拉斯·尼克貝》Medium-termWorks(1842-1857)Thought:Histhoughtwereprofoundthanearlytime.Hisworkscouldreflectsociallifemoreprofoundlythanbefore.TheKeynotesofWorks:AlittledesolateWritingTechniques:ThestructuralintegrityMoreexaggeratedandhumoroustechniquesMasterworksDavidCopperfield

《大衛·科波菲爾》AChristmasCarol

《圣誕頌歌》DombeyandSon

《董貝父子》LateWorks(1858---Deaths)Thoughts:

ContinuelyprofoundTheKeynotesofWorks:DeeplyandausterelyWritingTechniques:

?Veryrigorousstructure

?Fullofsuspenseand?symbolization

?LesshumorousMasterworksATaleofTwoCities

《雙城記》GreatExpectations

《遠大前程》OurMutualFriend

《我們共同的朋友》ATaleofTwoCitiesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,Enjoyitwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway“那是最昌明的時世，那是最衰微的時世；那是睿智開化的歲月，那是混沌愚昧的歲月；那是信仰篤誠的年代，那是疑云重重的年代；那是陽光燦爛的季節，那是長夜晦暗的季節；那是欣欣向榮的春天，那是死氣沉沉的冬天；我們眼前無所不有，我們眼前一無所有；我們都徑直奔向天堂，我們都徑直奔向另一條路?！盩heInfluence

Dickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens'snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglish.?Hisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.?Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.?Dickensisagreathumorist.?Dickensisapettybourgeoisintellectualwriter.DeathCharlesDickensdiesbystrokeonJune9,1870andhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbeyinthePoet'sCorner."Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld."

1870年6月9日狄更斯因腦溢血與世長辭，他去世后被安葬在西敏寺的