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中國石化英語分級測試TOC\o"1-3"\h\z\uHYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第一篇HowtobeHappy如何獲得幸福 PAGEREF_Toc\h2HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第二篇CityDesign城市設計?PAGEREF_Toc\h3HYPERLINK第三篇Population人口 PAGEREF_Toc\h4HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第四篇Earthquake地震?PAGEREF_Toc\h5HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏 PAGEREF_Toc\h6HYPERLINK第六篇GreenComputers“綠色’’電腦?PAGEREF_Toc\h7HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第七篇CellPhones手機?PAGEREF_Toc\h8HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第八篇TouchTech觸屏技術?PAGEREF_Toc\h9HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第九篇FossilFuelsandOurLife化石燃料與我們的生活?PAGEREF_Toc\h10HYPERLINK第十一篇MarinePollution海洋污染?PAGEREF_Toc\h12HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十二篇China'sGrowthandtheCleanEnergyTech中國的經濟增長與清潔能源技術?PAGEREF_Toc\h13HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十三篇MarketEconomy市場經濟 PAGEREF_Toc\h14HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"第十四篇CPI消費者物價指數 PAGEREF_Toc\h15HYPERLINK十六篇AppleExpandsitsTouchy-FeelyVision蘋果公司用iPad延續夢想?PAGEREF_Toc\h17HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"十七篇3GTechnology技術?PAGEREF_Toc\h18HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"十八篇CarbonCaptureandStorage碳捕獲和儲存?PAGEREF_Toc\h19HYPERLINK十九篇GlobaIWarming全球變暖 PAGEREF_Toc\h20HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十篇AlternateEnergies替代能源?21HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十一篇Biofuels生物燃料?PAGEREF_Toc\h22HYPERLINK二十四篇CompanyManagement公司管理 PAGEREF_Toc\h25HYPERLINK二十五篇RecruitmentDrivesTakeTalentfromWidePool人才庫 PAGEREF_Toc\h26HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十六篇TipsforJobSeekers找工作的秘訣 PAGEREF_Toc\h27HYPERLINK\l"_Toc"二十七篇ChineseOilMarket中國石油市場?PAGEREF_Toc\h28HYPERLINK三十篇ProjectManagement項目管理?PAGEREF_Toc\h31
第一篇HowtobeHappy如何獲得幸福Inthepasttwoweekswehavelookedatthehappinessformuladefinedbypositive_psychologistMartinSeligman,whereH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntary_choicesyoumake).過去兩周我們研究了一項幸福公式,這是由樂觀心理學家馬丁·塞利格曼定義的。在這個公式中,H(幸福)=S(個人生理幸福感受的固定指數)+C(個人生活狀態)+V(個人主觀選擇)。Thisweekwelookattheconditionsinlifethatcanimproveourhappinessquotient.本周我們將著眼于能提高幸福指數的生活狀態。Stepl:Peaceandquiet第一步:平和寧靜JonathonHaidtinhisexcellentbook,TheHappinessHypothesis,notesthatresearchshowsthatwecannevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution.喬納森·海迪在他的優秀著作《幸福假說》當中提到,研究調查顯示,我們不也許完全適應噪音污染,無論是新近的還是長期的。Loudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponses(theotheristhefearoffalling)andwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintrusivenoise.Itisessentialtohavesomepeaceandquieteveryday.巨大噪聲會引發我們面對恐驚的某種本能反映(另一種是對于墜落的恐驚),假如周遭噪音喧鬧,我們不也許完全放松。每日保持平和與寧靜事關重要。Ifyouareunfortunateenoughtolivesomewherenoisy,persistwithcomplainingtoyourlocalcouncil.Additionally,trywearingwaxearplugstohavesomerespite.IfyouneedyourTV,radioormusicuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesaltruismtoyourneighbours,whichwillmakeyouandthemfeelgood.假如你不幸生活在比較嘈雜吵的環境中,請一定要堅持去居委會投訴。此外,嘗試使用耳塞,也許會緩解噪聲。假如你需要用大音量看電視、聽收音機或放音樂的話,記得戴上耳機,別影響鄰里,這樣可以使雙方都感到舒適。Step2:Relationships第二步:人際關系Thisisthemostimportantofalltheextemalconditionsthatcanimproveyourhappinessquotient.Oftenourdeepestsourcesofunhappinessarefoundinpoorrelationshipswithothers.這是增長幸福指數的一條至關重要的外部條件。我們感到不快樂的最深層因素,往往就是人際關系欠佳。Acruellyconflictualrelationshipwithapartnerorloverleavesusfeelingbetrayedandabandoned.Arelationshipwithourparentsorchildrenwhichisnotbasedoncompassionate,unconditionalregardcreatesisolationandmisery.與搭檔或者愛人的關系陷入劇烈的沖突中,會讓我們產生遭到背叛和遺棄的感覺。父母和孩子之間假如缺少同情心和無私關懷,會產生隔閡與痛苦。Whenfacedwithsuchrelationships,themostpositivethingwecandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.當我們面臨這類問題時,最佳的辦法就是直面難題,修復關系,或者學著繼續前行。Step3:Share第三步:分享Ifyouhavediscoveredconditionsorchoicesinlifethathavesignificantlyimprovedyourwellbeing,remembertosharethemwithfriends.Passingonwhatworksisessentialtoimprovethewellbeingofourownandothers.假如你發現生活狀態或者做的某項決定對幸福生活有重大幫助的話,記得與你的朋友們分享。將有用的發現與更多人分享,這對增進自己的幸福和別人的幸福都有積極作用。閱讀理解1.What'sthehappinessformulaaccordingtothepassage?答案:TheformulareferstoH(happiness)=S(yourbiologicalsetpointforfeelinghappy)+C(theconditionsofyourlife)+V(thevoluntarychoicesyoumake).2.Whycanwenevercompletelyadapttoneworchronicnoisepollution?答案:LoudnoisestriggeroneofourmostprimitivefearresponsesaIldwecanneverfullyrelaxifwearesurroundedbyintruslvenoise.3.Howcouldwemakebothourselvesandtheneighborsfeelgood?答案:IfweneedourTV,radioormuslcuploud,wearingheadphonesdemonstratesourkindnessandconsiderationtoourneighbors.4.Wheredoestheunhappinesscomefrom?答案:Ourunhappinessoftencomesfrompoorrelationshipswithothers.5.Whatisthepositivewaytofacewiththecruellyconflictualrelationship?答案:Whatyoucandoistoeithermendtherelationshipbyconfrontingwhatisgoingwrongorleamtomoveon.?第二篇CityDesign城市設計WhenI'mbeingdriventhroughacityfromourhoteltoaconferencecenter,Icouldn'thelpbutnotetheoverwhelmingpresenceofcarsandparkinglots.Theworld'scitiesareintrouble.Inhundredsofcities,thelifeofdailylifeisdeteriorating.Breathingtheairinsomecitiesisequivalenttosmokingtwopacksofcigarettesperday.Thenumberofhourscommutersspendgoingnowheresittingintraffic-congestedstreetsandhighwaysclimbshighereachyear,raisingfrustrationlevels.當我從旅館乘車穿行城市前往會議中心時,映入眼簾的是無處不在的汽車和停車場。全世界的城市都陷入了困境,數以百計的城市平常生活的質量正在不斷下降。在一些城市,天天呼吸空氣等于抽兩包香煙。天天上班族驅車時因街道和道路堵塞而寸步難行,耽擱的時間逐年升高,郁悶也隨之加深。Inresponsetotheseconditions,weareseeingtheemergencyofanewurbanism.Injustafewyears,manycitiesbannedtheparkingofcarsonsidewalks,createdorrenovatedmoreparks,introducedahighlysuccessfulbus-baserapidtransitsystem,builthundredsofkilometersofbicyclepathsandpedestrianstreets,reducedrushhourtraffic,plantedmoretreesandinvolvedlocalcitizensdirectlyintheimprovementoftheirneighborhoods.Thequalityofurbanlifeinthesecitieshasbeengreatlyenhancedwiththevisionofacitydesignedforpeople.針對上述情況,我們可以看到一種新城市主義的理念正在興起。在短短的幾年內,許多城市的人行道上不再允許停車,新建和改造了更多的停車場,建立了一套以公共汽車為基礎的極為成功的快速運營系統,興建了數百公里的自行車道和步行街,高峰時段的交通擁擠得以減緩,種植了更多的樹木,并吸取本地市民直接參與社區的改善工作。城市設計以人為本的理念使這些城市的生活質量有了很大的提高。Nowgovemmentplannerseverywhereareexperimenting,seekingwaystodesigncitiesforpeoplenotcars.Carspromisemobility.Butinanurbanizingworldthereisaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecity.Afterapoint,astheirnumbersmultiply,automobilesprovidenotmobilitybutimmobility.現在,各地政府的規劃者們都在嘗試尋找為了人而不是為汽車設計城市的方法。汽車應帶給人們活動的便捷。但是在一個不斷城市化的世界里,存在著一個根深蒂固的矛盾,即汽車與城市之間的矛盾。超過一個臨界點之后,隨著汽車數量的累加,汽車提供的不再是便捷,而是停滯。Basedonthisperspective,somecitiesinindustrialanddevelopingcountriesalikewilldramaticallyincreaseurbanmobilitybymovingawayfromthecar.Letmeremindyouoncemore,citiesarebuiltforpeople,notforcars.Acityfullofcarsislikewhatthehorrifyingsci-fidepicted-allmechanismandnohuman.Inordertoavoidthisdisaster,we'dbetterstartdesigningsustainablecities.基于這個觀點,無論在發達的工業國家還是發展中國家,一些城市將會通過遠離汽車來極大增長市區的通暢。讓我再次提醒你,城市是為了人,不是為了汽車而建設的。擠滿汽車的城市就像恐怖的科幻小說里描繪的——全是機械,沒有人性。為了避免這場劫難,我們最佳開始設計可連續發展的城市。閱讀理解:1.Whatmeansoftransportationdoestheauthortaketotheconferencecenter?答案:(Hetakes)abus.2.Accordingtothefirstparagraphwhatishappeningincitieswheretherearemorecars?答案:Carsnotonlydoharmtopeople'shealthbutalsocauseheavytrafficjam.3.Whatdoesthelastsentence“thevisionofacitydesignedforpeople”inparagraph2mean?答案:Designcitiesforpeoplenot(for)cars.4.Whyisthereaninherentconflictbetweentheautomobileandthecityinurbanareas?答案:Becausepeopledependlargelyoncars.5.Howwouldacitylooklikeifcarswereeverywhere?答案:Therewouldbeallcars(mechanism)nohuman.?第三篇Population人口Averyimportantworldproblemistheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoactuallyinhabitthisplanet.Thelimitedamountoflandandlandresourceswillsoonbeunabletosupportthehugepopulationifitcontinuestogrowatitspresentrate.在我們這個星球上居住的人越來越多,是一個很重要的全球問題。假如繼續按照現有的增長率發展下去,那么有限的土地及土地資源不久不能養活這么巨大的人口。Sowhyisthishugeincreaseinpopulationtakingplace?Itisreallyduetothespreadoftheknowledgeandpracticeofwhatisbecomingknownas"DeathControl".那么為什么會出現人口的大量增長呢?這的確是由于知識的廣泛傳播和眾所周知的“死亡控制”的結果。Youhavenodoubtheardoftheterm"BirthControl"."DeathControl"issomethingratherdifferent.毫無疑問,你肯定聽到過“生育控制”這個術語。“死亡控制”是大不相同的。Itrecognizestheworkofthedoctorsandscientistswhonowkeepalivepeoplewho,notverylongago,wouldhavediedofavarietyofthenincurablediseases.它認可了醫生和科學家的工作,現在他們可以留住那些患有各種各樣絕癥的病人的生命。而這些絕癥在不久之前還是不可治愈的。Throughawidevarietyoftechnologicalinnovationsthat"includefarmingmethodsandthecontrolofdeadlydiseases,wehavefoundwaystoreducetherateatwhichwedie.However,thissuccessistheverycauseofthegreatestthreattomankind.通過大范圍的技術創新,其中涉及耕作方法和對絕癥的控制,我們已經找到減少死亡率的方法。然而,正是這項成功給人類帶來最大的威脅。Ifweexaminetheamountoflandavailableforthisever-increasingpopulation,webegintoseeblem.Ifeveryoneontheplanethadanequalshareofland,wewouldeachhaveabout50,000squaremeters.Thisfigureseemstobequiteencouraginguntilweexaminetheamountofusablelandweactuallyhave.Morethanthree-fifthsoftheworld'slandcannotproducefood.假如計算一下維持不斷增長的人口所需的土地量,我們就能意識到這個問題。假如這個星球上的每個人都平均分一塊土地,我們每個人會擁有五萬平方米。這個數字看似相稱振奮人心,而當我們計算一下每個人的實際可用耕地之后,就知道情況不太樂觀了。由于世界上超過3/5的土地都不能生產糧食。Obviously,withsolittlelandtosupportus,weshouldbetakinggreatcarenottoreduceitfurther.Butwearenot!Instead,weareconsumingits"capital"-itsnonrenewablefossilfuelsandothermineraldepositsthattookmillionsofyearstoformbutwhicharenowbeingdestroyedindecades(3).Wearealsodoingthesamewithothervitalresourcesnotusuallythoughtofasbeingnonrenewable,suchasfertilesoils,groundwaterandthemillionsofotherspeciesthatsharetheearthwithus.顯然,可以養活我們的耕地如此之少,我們就應當想方設法不要讓耕地繼續減少下去。但是,我們并沒有這樣做!反而我們正在消耗它的“本錢”——其不可再生的化石燃料與其它礦藏,它們是在幾百萬年的時間里才形成的,然而現在,幾十年內就會被消耗殆盡。我們對待其它通常不被看做是不可再生的重要自然資源也是如此,譬如肥沃的土地、地下水和千百萬與我們共同居住在地球上的物種。閱讀理解:1.Whatcanbelearntaboutthepopulationgrowthatpresent?答案:Itcontinuestoincrease/growatitspresentrate.2.Accordingtothearticle,whatcontributestothepopulationincrease?答案:DeathControl3.Whatisthedoctors'jobaccordingtoparagraph?答案:Theykeeppeoplewhosufferfromincurablediseasesalive.?4.Whyisn'tthereenoughlandtosupporthumanbeings答案:Becausetheworld'slandhasalreadybeentakenup/occupiedbytheever-increasingpopulation.5.Inparagraph4thefertilesoilsareconsideredas____.答案:nonrenewable?第四篇Earthquake地震Earthquakesmayberankedasoneofthemostdevastatingforceknowntomen;sincerecordsbegantobewrittendown,ithasbeenestimatedthatearthquake-relatedfatalitieshavenumberedinmillionsandthatearthquake-relateddestructionhasbeenbeyondcalculation.Thegreaterpartofsuchdamageandlossoflifehasbeenduetocollapseofbuildingsandeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenaresultingfromearthquakes,ratherthanfromthequakesthemselves.地震是人類所知的最具有破壞力的自然災害之一。自從有記載以來,估計由地震導致的死亡達數百萬以上,地震導致的破壞更是不計其數。地震導致的破壞如此之大,死亡如此之多,重要是由于地震引發的建筑物倒塌、巖石崩落、洪水、火災、疾病等現象導致的,而不是由于地震自身。Thegreatmajorityofallearthquakesoccurintwospecificgeographicareas.OnesuchareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses.TheotherextendsfromtheEastIndianstotheAtlasMountains,includingtheHimalayas,Iran,TurkeyandtheAlpineregions.Theymayhappenanywhereatanytime.大多數地震發生在兩個獨特的地理位置。一個是環太平洋地區及相鄰的大陸架,另一個是從印度東部延伸到阿特拉斯山脈,其中涉及喜馬拉雅山、伊朗、土耳其和阿爾卑斯地區。那里隨時隨地都也許發生地震。Thiselementoftheunknownhasforcenturiesaddedgreatlytothedreadandhorrorsurroundingearthquakes,butinrecenttimestherehavebeenindicationsthatearthquakepredictionmaybepossible.Byanalyzingchangesinanimalbehavior,pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrust,variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldandthefrequencywithwhichminorearthtremorsareobserved,scientistshaveshownincreasingsuccessinanticipatingwhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrikecl).Asaresult,worldwideearthquakewamingnetworkisalreadyinoperationandhashelpedtoprepareforthevastdestructionthatmightotherwisehavebeentotallyunexpected.幾個世紀以來,這種對于地震的未知性更大大地增長了地震的可怕和恐驚性。但近幾年來已有跡象表白地震預測是也許的。通過度析動物行為的變化,地殼運動的方式,地球磁場和地心引力的變化以及監測到的輕微地震的頻率,科學家在預測地震發生的時間和地點上已取得了不斷的成功。因此,世界性地震預警網絡已經運轉,并且已經幫助人們對大范圍的破壞做好準備,而這些破壞也也許是完全不能預料的。Itisdoubtfulthatmanwilleverbeabletocontrolearthquakesandeliminatetheirdestructivenessaltogether,butashowandwhyearthquakeshappenbecomebetterunderstood,manwillbecomemoreandmoreabletodealwiththeirpotentialdevastationbeforeitoccurs.人類是否能完全控制地震并消除它的破壞力尚未可知。但是,隨著我們對地震發生的方式和因素有了更多的了解,在地震發生之前,我們就能更好地應對也許導致的破壞。閱讀理解:1.Whatarethecausesofthegreatpartofthedamageandlossoflife?答案:Collapseofbuildingsandtheeffectsofrockslides,floods,fire,diseaseandotherphenomenafromearthquakes.2.Wherearethetwomostactiveearthquakebeltsintheworld?答案:TheareaencompassesthePacificOceananditscontiguouslandmasses,EastIndianstotheAtlasMountains.3.Whatfactdoes"elementoftheunknown"inparagraph3referto?答案:Itreferstothefacttheearthquakescanhappenanywhereatanytime.4.Whatfourwaysareusedtoanticipateearthquakeactivity?答案:a)analyzingchangesinanimalbehaviorb)pattemsofmovementsintheearth'scrustc)variationsintheforceofgravityandtheearth'smagneticfieldd)observationofthefrequencyofminorearthtremors。5.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthepossibilityofearthquakepredictions?答案:Earthquakepredictionisbecomingmoreandmorepossible.?第五篇TheAftermathofBPFulfOilSpill----英國石油公司墨西哥灣原油泄漏IntheaftermathoftheBPoilspill,PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists.environmentalists(l).andGulfCoastresidentswhenhedeclared."We'redealingwithamassiveandpotentiallyunprecedentedenvironmentaldisaster."Thesheersizeoftheoilspill-210,000gallonsadaycontaminatingtheGulfofMexico-hasmanypeopleworriedabouttheshortandlong-termenvironmentalharmitiscausing(2)英國石油公司原油泄漏事件之后,奧巴馬總統的一次公開發言表達出了無數科學家、環保主義者以及墨西哥灣居民的心聲。他在發言中提到,“我們正在應對的是一場巨大的、史無前例的環境劫難”。天天足足有21萬加侖的原油泄漏并污染著墨西哥灣,這使得很多人為這次事件對環境所導致的短期和長期的危害感到擔憂。Theoilspillcouldseverelydamagefragileecosystemsforyears,possiblydecades.Beachesfouledbyoilspillsareverydifficulttocleanup.Tomakemattersworse,thespillthreatensbeachesjustasshorebirdsarenestingandseaturtlesarecomingashoretolaytheireggs.這次原油泄漏事件對脆弱的生態系統帶來的嚴重破壞會連續很數年,甚至數十年。被石油污染的海灘很難被清理干凈。更糟糕的是,泄漏的石油對海灘導致污染的時間正是海鳥筑巢和海龜游到岸上孵蛋的季節。Evenworseistheeffecttheoilspillcouldhaveonsensitivesaltmarshesandmangrovecoastlines,whichwouldbepracticallyimpossibletocleanandthatsomefearmightbepermanentlydestroyed(3)Thesewetlandsareconsideredthenurseriesforthefishingandseafoodindustryandareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.Becausetheycovermuchmorelandareathanbeaches,theriskoftheirexposuretodamageisgreatlyincreased.尚有更糟的事情,石油污染還也許影響敏感的濕地和紅樹林海岸,而這將是幾乎不也許被清理干凈的,有些人甚至緊張這將是永久性的毀壞。這些濕地是捕魚業和水產品工業的搖籃,也是多種野生動物的棲息地和繁殖地。由于這些濕地面積遠遠大于海灘的面積,所以它們面臨破壞的風險就大大增長了。Fully98percentofthefishandshellfishharvestedintheGulfofMexicodependonestuaries,whicharecoastalwaterswherefreshwaterfromriversandstreamsmixwithseawater.Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.Manyspeciesdependonwetlandsforfood,shelterandbreeding.在墨西哥灣捕獲的魚類和貝類中足有98%依靠河口生存,這些河口就是江河與海水匯合的地方。而河口又依賴于濕地保證其水的質量并為水產品供應鏈提供基礎。濕地是很多物種覓食、棲息和繁殖的場合。ThewatersoftheGulfofMexicoarehomestohundredsofspeciesofaquatic1ife.Thelongertheoilfoulsthewater,themorepollutedthefoodchainbecomes,whichcouldresultinlargefishkillsandseafoodtoocontaminatedforconsumption.墨西哥灣水域也是成百上千種水棲動物的家園。石油對海水導致污染的時間越長,水產品食物鏈被污染的限度就會越大,這最終會導致大量的魚類死亡以及水產品被嚴重污染而無法食用。閱讀理解1.Inthefirstsentence"PresidentObamavoicedtheconcemsofcountlessscientists..."whatdoestheword"voice"mean?答案:Voiceheremeans“toexpressanideaof…”Howlongcouldthedamagetotheecosystemlast?答案:Thedamagetotheecosystemcouldlastdecades.3.Howimportantarethewetlandstothewildlife?答案:Thewetlandsareavitalhabitatandbreedinggroundformanyspeciesofwildlife.4.Whyareestuariesdependentonwetlands?答案:Estuariesaredependantonwetlandsfortheirwaterqualityandtoprovideabasisforaquaticfoodchains.5.HowwilltheoilspillaffecttheseafoodintheGulfofMexico?答案:Manyfishwilldieandtheseafoodwillbetoocontaminatedforconsumption.
第六篇GreenComputers“綠色’’電腦Computermanufacturers,chipmakersandsoftwarecompaniesaredeveloping"greener'productsforenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.Whilesometechcompaniesaredevelopingmoreenergy-efficientproductlines,othersarereleasingsoftwaretomakeexistingcomputersconsumeless.And-electronicsmanufacturersareexpandingwaystomake-newcomputersout-ofrecycledmaterials,aswellasencouragecustomerstorecycleoldmachines.Consumers'maypayaslightpremiumforsomeeco-friendlyelectronics,but.manypriceswillbecomparablewithtraditionalofferings.目前,電腦生產商、芯片制造者和軟件公司都紛紛開發“綠色”產品來滿足那些環保意識強烈的消費者的需求。一些科技公司開發了更節能的生產線,尚有一些公司推出了減少現有電腦耗電量的軟件。電子制造公司不斷擴展工藝運用循環材料生產新電腦,并鼓勵消費者循環運用舊電腦。某些環保類電子產品也許需要消費者多花些錢,但仍有很多環保電腦的價格跟傳統電腦差不多。Severalfactorsarepushipaniestobegreener.Manywanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogamerfavorwithgreeninvestors.Andwithenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses.有幾大因素推動著電腦公司更注重環保。許多公司希望走在環保法規的前面,贏得環保投資者的支持。同時,隨著能源價格上漲,他們正嘗試吸引那些設法節省費用的消費者。Thecomputerindustryhasbeenworkingonimprovingenergyconsumptionforyears.Thenewerfocushasbeenontoxinsandrecycling.Forexample,LenovoGroupLtd.uses10%t025%recycledplasticsharvestedfromwaterbottles.Lastmonth,IntelCorp.introducednewchipsthatitsayswillspeedupcomputingperformancewithoutsuckingupadditionalpower.Thecompanyalsodevelopedtechnology,calledRemoteWake,tokeepcomputersinalow-energymodeuntilusersneedthemforretrievingfilesovertheIntemet.Hewlett-PackardCo.hasdevelopedanewfeaturecalledAuto-On/Auto-Offthatputsinactiveprintersintoasleepmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponcetheyareusedagain(1).ThisfeaturehasbeenaddedtoHP'spersonaldesktoplaserprintersin2023.Attentiontomanufacturingmaterialsisapriority.HPintroducedanink-jetprinterthatismadeof83%recycledplastics.計算機工業數年來一直致力于減少能源消耗,新焦點已經放到了毒性和循環運用上來了。例如,聯想集團使用的塑料中有10%至25%是用回收的水瓶制造的。上個月,英特爾集團將新款芯片投放市場,據稱這些芯片不用花費更多的能量就可以加快計算的速度。該公司還開發了一種叫做“遠程喚醒”的技術,可以使計算機在使用者不需要通過網絡檢索文獻的時候保持低耗能的模式。惠普開發了一個叫做自動開關的新功能,可以不在工作狀態的打印機進入休眠模式,一旦再次使用,又會不久地恢復到工作模式。惠普2023年生產的個人桌面激光打印機就已經安裝了這項功能。惠普公司還將注意力優先放在了制造材料上,他們生產的一款噴墨打印機就是由83%的回收塑料制造的。Expertssaythatkeepingyouroldcomputeroutofthelandfillisbetterfortheenvironmentthanbuyinganewone.專家表達,就對環境的影響而言,對舊電腦再運用,讓其避免流入垃圾場填埋比買臺新電腦更好。閱讀理解1、Whyarecomputermanufacturersconsideringdevelopinggreenerproducts?答案:Becausetheywanttomeettherequirementsofenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.2.Comparedtotheoldcomputer,thepriceofthegreenermachineis____.答案:Alittle/slightly/alittlebitmoreexpensive.3.Fromthethreeexamples,Lenovo,IntelandHP,wecanknowthat____.答案:Companieswanttostayaheadofenvironmentallegislationandtogetgoodimpressionfrom(gamerfavorwith)greeninvestors.Ontheotherhandtheyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhowanttosavetheirexpensesbecauseofhighenergyprice(或Withenergypriceshigh,theyaretryingtoappealtopeoplewhoarelookingforwaystochipawayatexpenses).4.WhatisthefunctionofAuto-On/Auto-Off?答案:ItcanputinactiVeprintersintoasleepmodeandcanquicklypowerbackuponceusedagain.5.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?答案:Don'tthrowyouroldcomputerawayastrashinordertokeeptheenvironmentclean.?第七篇CellPhones手機Whatwouldlifelooklikewithoutcellphones?Today'shottestsellingmobilephonesarenowloadedwithfeaturessuchasMP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.Cellphoneshavechangedsomuchinthepastfewyearsthatwitheverynewproductlaunchcomesanotherbigdilemmaforthecellularmanufacturerscl)Howdoyoucreatethenextbighit?Howdoesthemanufacturerseparatethehitsfromthegimmicks,whiletryingtodecipherwhatcellphoneusersreallywantorneedinthenearfuture?Industryinsiderssaythemostpopularphoneswillhaveadvancedfunctionsthataresimpletocustomizeforindividualtastes.沒有手機的生活會變得怎么樣呢?今天暢銷的手機都有MP3播放器、電視、音樂、無線相片打印等功能。手機在過去幾年里的變化非常大,隨著每次新產品的問世,手機制造商們都會再次陷入苦惱之中。該怎么發明下一代人氣商品呢?制造商該如何做才干了解手機使用者們不久的將來真正想要的東西,并且區分暢銷與滯銷的產品呢?業內人士指出最受歡迎的手機是具有可以簡樸地迎合顧客個人喜好的尖端功能的手機。Manufacturersbelievethatthesuccessofthecellphoneliesinthebuildinganddevelopmentofhigh-speednetworkstodeliverserviceslikevideo,musicandhighspeedIntemet.Whilethesenetworksarenowinoperation,theindustryinsidersareconsideringradicalredesignstophones,displaysandservicestoensurethenewfeaturesaresimpletouse.Suchdevelopments,combinedwithsoftwarethatallowsuserstocustomizetheircellphonebrowserforservicessuchassportsscoresornews,couldreplacePDAsandothergadgets.CellularcompaniesarealsobettingconsumerswillsoonusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.Developersshouldnowconcentrateondesigningexcitingnewlooksforphones,sincefewthingshavemoredirectinfluenceoveraconsumer'sficklebuyingbehaviorthantheemotionalresponsethattheshape,colororlookofaphoneevokes(2)制造商相信手機的成功取決于高速網絡的構建和開發以提供如影像或視頻、音樂、高速互聯網的服務。在這些網絡運營的同時,業內人士正在考慮將電話、顯示屏以及服務進行徹底的重新設計,使其新的功能使用簡化。這些開發產品結合了一種讓使用者可以在手機瀏覽器上定制體育比賽得分或新聞等服務的軟件,可以代替PDA(掌上電腦)和其它裝置。手機制造商確信,在不久的將來,消費者將用手機完畢一切事務,從看電視到學習和學校考試。開發商們現在應當集中精力設計外形更吸引人的新手機,由于除了手機的外形、顏色或款式所引起的情緒反映外,還幾乎沒有別的東西對消費者多變的購買行為起到更直接的影響。閱讀理解Whatarethefeaturesoftoday'smobilephones?答案:Theyareloadedwith(featuressuchas)MP3musicplayers,TV,musicandwirelessphotoprinting.Whatwillmanufacturesfaceiftheyproduceanewproduct?答案:Theywillfaceabigdilemma.Whatshouldthemostpopularphoneshave?答案:Themostpopularphonesshouldhaveadvancedfunctionstocustomizeforindividualtastes.Whatwillpeopledowithcellphonesinthefuture?答案:PeoplewillusephonesforeverythingfromwatchingTVtostudyingandwritingschoolexams.5.Whydoesthewritermention"theemotionalresponse"inthelastsentence?答案:Becausehethinksthatitaffectscustomers'buyingbehavior.?第八篇TouchTech觸屏技術Formobiletouchtechnology,it'sonlythebeginning.AppleInc.'sphonerevolutionizedthemobilephonewitheasy-to-usetouch-screentechnologythatallowsuserstosurftheWeb,tapoutmessagesorcontrolanynumberofinventiveapplications.就移動觸摸技術而言,現在只是剛剛開始。蘋果公司的電話產品使移動電話行業產生了突破性變革,其便利的觸摸屏技術可以便于用戶瀏覽網絡、發送短信或者掌控許多新奇應用軟件。Developersareworkingonnewapplicationsfor"multi_touch-screens.Thesescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger,whichbroadensthepossibilitiesforapplicationc”.Otherdevelopersareworkingonadvancesin"haptic"feedback-vibrationsandotherphysicalsensationsthatarenowused,forinstance,toletagamerknowshe'sreachedanewlevel,butthatcanalsobeusedtocommunicateemotionsandmaysoongiveatouch-screenkeyboardthefeelofaphysicalkeyboard(2)Andforthosewhostillprefertoworkwithkeysontheirphones,evensometraditionalkeyboardswillperformcertainfunctionsinresponsetotouchcommands.開發人員正致力于新“多觸點”屏幕的應用研究。這些屏幕可以解決用戶用多手指同時給出的指令,這也增長了這項技術被應用的也許性。其他開發人員正在研究“觸覺”反饋的升級技術——即現在所應用的震動和其它物理感知技術,它們不僅可用來提醒游戲玩家已通過關,也可以用來進行情感交流,并且有也許不久就能使觸摸屏具有真實鍵盤的觸覺。對于那些更喜歡使用手機鍵盤的人來說,即便傳統的鍵盤也將能發揮與觸摸指令相相應的功能。Softwaredeveloperssettoworkonmulti-touchapplications.Some,forinstance,allowuserstoplayvirtualmusicalinstrumentsonthephone.Butmulti-touchdevelopershavelargelyfocusedongames.軟件開發人員開始研發多觸點應用軟件。例如,有些軟件可以使用戶在電話上彈奏虛擬樂器。但是多觸點開發人員重要以開發游戲為主。Haptictechnologyalreadyhasmanynon-mobileapplications.Invideogames,forinstance,itcangivegamersthesensationofactuallysteeringacarthey'recontrollingonthescreen.Inmedicaltraining,itcanmakeprocedureslikeendoscopyperformedonasimulatorfeelreal,sothatmedicalpersonnelcandevelopabettersenseofhowtoperformthem.Theuseofhapticsinmobilephonesisstillinitsinfancy,butthewiderdeploymentofhapticenabledphoneswillopenthedoortonewapplications.觸覺技術已經在非移動領域得到了廣泛應用。例如,在視頻游戲中,它可以讓游戲玩家感到自己仿佛真的在駕駛他們所控制的熒屏賽車。在醫療培訓中,它可以讓在模擬器上操作的內窺鏡檢測法等程序感覺異常真實,從而使醫療人員能更自如地操作這些儀器。觸覺技術在手機方面的使用仍然處在初創階段,但是觸覺技術手機的廣泛運用將為這項技術得以更多、更新的應用開辟新的途徑。Fornow,atleastmanymobileusersprefertheaccuracyofaphysicalkeyboardratherthanatouchscreen.Anewtechnologyisbeingdesignedtoallowthebestofbothworlds:akeyboardthatcanalsorespondtotouchcommands.目前看來,至少尚有許多手機用戶仍然偏愛物理鍵盤的準確性,他們對觸摸屏并不十分感愛好。開發人員正在設計一項可以兼顧這兩種需求的新技術:即可以同時回應觸摸指令的物理鍵盤。閱讀理解WhydowesayApple'siPhoneisarevolution?答案:BecauseAppleisthefirsttodevelopanewtechnologycalledeasy-to-touch-screen.Whatistheadvantageofmulti-touchscreen?答案:Thescreenscanprocesscommandstheusergiveswithmorethanonefinger.Whatisthehapticfeedbacktechnology?答案:Itisvibrationsandphysicalsensations.Whatdogamersfeeliftheyusehaptictec
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