句子成分和句子分類縮寫字母 原詞 代表詞性n. noun 名詞v. verb 動詞vt. transitiveverb 及物動詞vi. intransitiveverb

不及物動詞modalv modalverb 情態動詞aux.v. auxiliaryverb 助動詞adj. adjective 形容詞adv. adverb 副詞num. numeral 數詞interj. interjection

感嘆詞pron. pronoun 代詞prep. preposition

介詞art. article 冠詞conj conjunction

連詞練習1.指出下列句中劃線動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，及物填vt.，不及物填vi.1.Mostbirdscanfly.（）2.Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.()3.Ithappenedyesterday.（）4.Mywatchstopped.（）5.Thebabystoppedcryingwhenhesawhismother.()6.Shespokeatthemeetingthismorning.（）7.ShallIbeginatonce?（）8.Shebeganworkingasateacheraftersheleftschool.（）（）9.WhendidtheyleaveBeijing?（）10.Theyleftlastweek.（）練習1.指出下列斜體單詞是實義動詞還是助動詞：1.Does()helike()swimming?2.Hedoes()like()swimming.3.Wheredoes()helive()?4.Hedoes()somewashingafterwork.5.Hehas()had()supperalready.6.Thebridgehas()been()built()now.7.Ihave()been()waiting()foryouallday.8.Hewas()struck()byastone.考點1.劃分句子成分時的常用符號英語中劃句子成分的符號主語在下面劃一直線謂語在下面劃曲線賓語在下面劃雙橫線定語在下面劃虛線（一行點使我們想到一排釘子，“釘”諧音為“定語”的“定”）狀語下面為短橫線（短橫線使我們想到短木樁，木樁撞（狀）鐘）補語上一短橫，下一短橫（下一短橫好像是為了彌補上面短橫間的空隙）同位語上下雙曲線，（雖都有曲折，上下位置基本相同考點2.主語主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首，通常由名詞性的詞來充當。可以作主語的詞性或語法結構：1.名詞2.代詞3.數詞4.名詞化的形容詞（如therich）5.不定式6.動名詞7.主語從句等表示。練習1.在下面句子的主語下面劃橫線，并說出由什么充當1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.9.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue練習2.改正下列句中的錯誤，并說明原因1.Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedroppedout.2.Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill.3.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.4.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolonfoot.5.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport.6.GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.考點3.謂語謂語由動詞充當，說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。謂語的構成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞構成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.Iwouldstayathomeallday.（2）由系動詞加表語構成。系動詞不能單獨作謂語，要和表語一起作謂語。如：Wearestudents.Yourideasoundsgreat.練習3.劃出下列句中的表語，并說明有什么充當。1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwentyone.6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Hishobby（愛好）isplayingfootball.8.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.9.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.練習4.劃出下列句中的賓語,并說明有什么充當。1.Theyplanedmanytreesyesterday.2.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.3.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.4.Iwantedtobuyacar.5.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.6.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.練習5.用線劃出下列句中的賓語補足語，并指出是什么詞充當，同時體會賓補和賓語之間的邏輯關系。1.HisfathernamedhimDongming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.8.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.在英語中，許多情況下，定語是放在所修飾詞后面的，這點與漢語習慣不同，也是許多同學不能讀懂長句的主要原因。①副詞用作定語一般要后置。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那兒的人們)Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.（樓下的那個人）②形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后單個形容詞作定語一般放在所修飾詞之前，而形容詞短語作定語一般放在所修飾詞之后Thenextmanisascientist.Themannexttomeisascientist.（我旁邊的那個人）③介詞短語作定語時要后置TheboyunderthetreeisTom.（樹下的那個男孩）ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.（我們班最高的那個男孩）④現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動詞不定式做定語常后置Ihavesomethingtosay.(直譯：我有要說的話)Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.（在那邊哭的那個男孩）Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.（去年建的那座房子）練習6.口頭翻譯下列句子，用下劃線標出定語部分，留意定語的位置，并說明定語是什么詞性或結構充當。1.TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.2.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.3.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.4.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.5.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.6.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.7.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.8.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.9.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairinginourcity.Tigersbelongingtomeat-eatinganimalsfeedon修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子,說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.(寫地認真，走地慢，修飾動詞用副詞，作狀語)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.（修飾形容詞用副詞，作狀語）Herunsveryslowly.（修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞，做狀語）Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.（修飾整個句子用副詞，做狀語）1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.3.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.4.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.5.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.8.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.9.Theboyreallyneedsapen.10.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.11.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.12.Iamtallerthanheis.13.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.14.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.15.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen.同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’）It’sgoodtousstudents.練習8.選擇正確答案，并口頭說出句中那個是同位語1.Theyoungman,___,worksintheoffice.A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.me2.OurEnglishteacher,___,oftenhelpsuswithstudy.A.Mrs.WangB.Mrs.WangsC.Mrs.Wang's.D.ofhim3.___,somerailwayworkers,arebusyrepairingthetrain.A.ThemB.HeC.TheyD.Theirs1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.1.改正下列句子的改錯。①Doexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.②Thatwhathesaidisn’ttrue.③Hecamelatemadehisteacherangry.④Onthedeskistwobooks.⑤Gotoakeycollegeismydream.IlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.IlikeEnglishandmyEnglishisverygood.AsIlikeEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.IlikeEnglish;myEnglishisgood.IlikingEnglish,myEnglishisverygood.2.用劃出下列句中的后置定語，并指出是什么詞性或結構充當的①Thereisnothingtodotoday.②Thesmilingboyneedsthepenboughtbyhismother.③Therearefiveboysleft.④Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.⑤HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.⑥Theshopclosesttomyhouseisaboutonekilometeraway.⑦Heisnotamaneasytodealwith.⑧Atyphoonsweptacrosstheareawithheavyrainsandwindsasstrongas113milesperhour.⑨Studentsbraveenoughtotakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.⑩Thereisonlyoneprogramworthwatchingtoday.3.用雙橫線分別劃出下句中的間接賓語和直接賓語。①IwillbringyouthebookwhenIcomenexttime.②Heaskedtherulerwhyonlythefourrichmenblewtrumpets.③Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.④Sheshowedusmanyofherpictures.⑤Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.4.分析下列句子成分，體會賓語與賓補之間的邏輯關系，