2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（11）PassageTwenty--One(ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice)Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehassocometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposeshisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappeartobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolence–asifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakesitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshed,thesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterwhenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,wewouldhavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.‘Talk,talk,talk,’theadvocatesofviolencesay,‘allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.’It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.‘Possible,mylord,’thebarristerreplied,‘nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.’Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.AdvocatingViolence.B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesSeeViolenceAsaLegitimateSolution.D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus_________.A.violenceneversolvesanything.B.nothing.C.thebloodshedmeansnothing.D.everything.3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen_________.A.can’tgetahearing.B.arelookeddownupon.C.arepersecuted.D.Havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement.4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means_________.A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening.B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore.C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening.D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument.5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis_________.A.lawenforcement.B.knowledge.C.nonviolence.D.Moppinguptheviolentmess.Vocabulary

嚴重的，劇烈的，敏銳的

v.搶劫，掠奪；n.贓物

v.搶劫，掠奪

v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂聲whenitcomestothecrunch=if/whenthedecisivemomentcomes.當關鍵時刻來到時。

出戰前涂于身上的顏料。（美印第安戰士用）tolight=becomeknown

顯露，為人所知

剝削，使傷元氣，破壞Iwassappedbymonthsofhospitaltreatment.我住院治療幾個月，大傷元氣。up

擦去，對付，處理

船跡，航跡inthewakeofsth.=comeafter隨某事之后到來。難句譯注1.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespairistherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.【結構簡析】whenitcomestothecrunch=when/ifthedecisivemomentcomes.當關鍵時刻來到時。【參考譯文】真正令人可怖的，令人絕望的是，在關鍵時刻，人們意識到我們一點兒也沒有進步/前進。2.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.【結構簡析】inthewakeof在……之后。【參考譯文】由于我們不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的爛攤子，我們的力量因此削弱了。3.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.【結構簡析】none+the+比較級。固定用法，義：notatall一點兒也不。EX:Afterthetreatment,heisnonethebetter.治療后，他并沒有因此見好，（一點兒也不見好）。【參考譯文】聽了律師的長篇解釋，法官抱怨說他一無所獲，并不因此變得聰明些。4.

Knowledgeisthenecessaryprerequisitetowisdom.【參考譯文】知識是智慧的必要的先決條件。結合上下文這里的意思是：了解情況是解決問題的先決條件。句子后面的解釋：知識是指了解它欲以解決暴力制造的惡行。寫作方法與文章大意作者主要以對比的手法寫出了暴力是有些國家用以解決種族差異的公認方法，這是人本性沒有進步的表現，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解決問題的唯一途徑，而這些人遭人輕視、迫害。作者指出如果我們把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除貧民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就業，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通過對它以法治理是能真正解決種族問題的。盡管這些暴力者采取充耳不聞的態度。答案詳解暴力難以消除種族偏見。文章一開始就提出有些國家種族偏見嚴重，而暴力卻是公認的一種解決方法。白人采用暴力鎮壓，黑人以防火、掠搶為反抗。而雙方的大人物平靜地論及暴力，似乎這是一種合法的解決方案。作者就此指出人類的進步只在于表面――衣飾等，人類的本能沒有改變。整個有記錄歷史的文件沒有教會人類任何東西。這是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段論及真正有理智的懂得解決方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人們不停。他們反而收到輕視、迫害。作者就此提出假設，答出真正的解決方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段進一步說明“交流、對話”是了解雙方問題的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假裝要解決的罪惡，是智慧聰明的必要前提。A.鼓吹暴力。C.雙方重要人物都把暴力作為合法的解決方案。D.人類的本性是嗜暴性。沒有什么。第一段中就明確提出整個人類有記錄歷史又長又臭的暴力文件記錄，一點都沒有教給我們任何東西。A.暴力解決不了任何事情。C.殺戮（流血）沒有任何意義。D.一切。在鼓吹法制方面有困難。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同類們的輕視、不信任和迫害。他們發現要人傾聽他們的意見越來越困難。A.人們不聽。B.遭人輕視。C.遭人迫害。這三項都包含在D項內。聽后無所得。Nonethewiser一點也不比以前聰明（這是按字面翻譯）。實際就是C項。A.在傾聽別人上他一點也不聰明。B.他和以前一個樣。D.他聽不懂論點。法制。第二段最后一句，如果我們在法律的構架中進行工作，真正的持久的解決總是能實現的。第二段第二句，他們遭到迫害是因為他們鼓吹法制這種顯然令人不能容忍的事。B.知識。C.非暴力。D.處理暴力帶來的混亂。PassageTwenty--Two(TheTouristTradeContributesAbsolutelyNothingtoIncreasingUnderstandingbetweenNations)

Thetouristtradeisbooming.Withallthiscomingandgoing,you’dexpectgreaterunderstandingtodevelopbetweenthenationsoftheworld.Notabitofit!Superbsystemsofcommunicationbyair,seaandlandmakeitpossibleforustovisiteachother’scountriesatamoderatecost.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgrasp?Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.Moderntravelersenjoyalevelofcomfortwhichthelordsandladiesongrandtoursintheolddayscouldn’thavedreamedof.Butwhat’sthesenseofthismassexchangeofpopulationsifthenationsoftheworldremainbasicallyignorantofeachother?

Manytouristorganizationsaredirectlyresponsibleforthisstateofaffairs.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.Themoderntouristleadsacosseted,shelteredlife.Helivesatinternationalhotels,whereheeatshisinternationalfoodandsipshisinternationaldrinkwhilehegazesatthenativesfromadistance.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.Thetouristisallowedtoseeonlywhattheorganizerswanthimtoseeandnomore.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysabarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewandhideouskindofcolonization.Thesummerquartersoftheinhabitantsoftheciteuniversitaire:aretemporarilyreestablishedontheislandofCorfu.BlackpoolisrecreatedatTorremolinoswherethetravelergoesnottoeatpaella,butfishandchips.

Thesadthingaboutthissituationisthatitleadstothepersistenceofnationalstereotypes.Wedon’tseethepeopleofothernationsastheyreallyare,butaswehavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyare.Youcantestthisforyourself.Takefivenationalities,say,French,German,English,AmericanandItalian.Nowinyourmind,matchthemwiththesefiveadjectives:musical,amorous,cold,pedantic,native.Farfromprovidinguswithanyinsightintothenationalcharacteristicsofthepeoplesjustmentioned,theseadjectivesactuallyactasbarriers.Sowhenyousetoutonyourtravels,theonlycharacteristicsyounoticearethosewhichconfirmyourpreconceptions.Youcomeawaywiththehighlyunoriginalandinaccurateimpressionthat,say,‘Anglo-Saxonsarehypocrites’ofthat‘Latinpeoplesshoutalot’.Youonlyhavetomakeafewforeignfriendstounderstandhowabsurdandharmfulnationalstereotypesare.Buthowcanyoumakeforeignfriendswhenthetouristtradedoesitsbesttopreventyou?

Carriedtoanextreme,stereotypescanbepositivelydangerous.Wildgeneralizationsstirupracialhatredandblindustothebasicfact—howtriteitsounds!–Thatallpeoplearehuman.Weareallsimilartoeachotherandatthesametimeallunique.1.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_________.A.tourismcontributesnothingtoincreasingunderstandingbetweennations.B.Tourismistiresome.C.Conductedtourisdull.D.tourismreallydoessomethingtoone’scountry.2.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtourism?A.apprehensive.B.negative.C.critical.D.appreciative.3.WhichwordinthefollowingisthebesttosummarizeLatinpeopleshoutalot?A.silent.B.noisy.C.lively.D.active.4.Thepurposeoftheauthor’scriticismistopointout_________.A.conductedtourisdisappointing.B.thewayoftouringshouldbechanged.C.whentraveling,younoticecharacteristicswhichconfirmpreconception.D.nationalstereotypesshouldbechanged.5.Whatis‘grandtour’now?A.moderatecost.B.localsight-seeingisinvestigatedbythetouristorganization.C.peopleenjoythefirst-ratecomforts.D.everybodycanenjoythe‘grandtour’.Vocabulary

卓越的，杰出的，第一流的

中庸的，中等的，適度的tour

大旅行，指舊時英國富家子弟教育中，

到歐洲大陸觀光的旅行，為學業必經階段。tour

由旅行社代辦而費用與路線、

日程固定的假日旅游。也可用packageholiday。flight

包機航班outtodosth.=beginajobwithaparticularaim開始做某事，

決心/打算做……

寵愛，溺愛，縱容tour=guidedtour有人指導/引到下的參觀，有導游的旅游

檢查off

離開原處/正道，離群，漫步，漫游

住處，營

西班牙什錦飯

炸馬鈴薯條（土豆條）

多情的，色情的

學究式的，賣弄學問的

歸納，概括up

惹起，煽動，挑起

陳腐的，老一套的難句譯注1.Whatwasoncethe‘grandtour’,reservedforonlytheveryrich,isnowwithineverybody’sgrasp.【結構簡析】withinsb.’sgrasp.某人理解/了解，為某人所能抓到的。【參考譯文】一度只有最富有者專享的“大旅行”現在人人都可獲得。2.Thepackagetourandcharteredflightsarenottobesneeredat.【參考譯文】旅行社包辦的旅游，包機航班決不會遭人恥笑。3.Theydeliberatelysetouttoprotecttheirclientsfromtoomuchcontactwiththelocalpopulation.【參考譯文】旅行社有意使他們的谷底和當地居民少接觸。4.Themoderntouristheadsacossetedshelteredlife.【參考譯文】現代旅行者過的使愛護有加與世隔絕的生活。5.Conductedtourstoplacesofinterestarecarefullycensored.【參考譯文】有人指導下參觀一些靜電收到組織者――旅行社仔細的檢查核準。6.Astrictschedulemakesitimpossibleforthetouristtowanderoffonhisown;andanyway,languageisalwaysbarrier,soheisonlytoohappytobeprotectedinthisway.【結構簡析】onlytoo+形容詞/分詞=very非常。【參考譯文】嚴格致密的計劃值得旅行者不可能自己一個人到處閑逛；再說，至少語言總是個障礙，所以他對這樣保護非常高興。7.Atitsveryworst,thisleadstoanewan