數(shù)學常用詞匯中英文對照數(shù)學常用詞匯中英文對照數(shù)學常用詞匯中英文對照資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月數(shù)學常用詞匯中英文對照版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：數(shù)學常用詞匯中英文對照代數(shù)部分1、有關基本運算：add，plus加subtract減difference差multiply,times乘product積divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除數(shù)divisor因子，除數(shù)quotient商remainder余數(shù)factorial階乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根號roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有關集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有關代數(shù)式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代數(shù)項liketerms,similarterms同類項numericalcoefficient數(shù)字系數(shù)literalcoefficient字母系數(shù)inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等價方程linearequation線性方程4.有關分數(shù)和小數(shù)properfraction真分數(shù)improperfraction假分數(shù)mixednumber帶分數(shù)vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分數(shù)simplefraction簡分數(shù)complexfraction繁分數(shù)numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction純小數(shù)infinitedecimal無窮小數(shù)recurringdecimal循環(huán)小數(shù)tenthsunit十分位5.基本數(shù)學概念arithmeticmean算術平均值weightedaverage加權平均值geometricmean幾何平均數(shù)exponent指數(shù)，冪base乘冪的底數(shù),底邊cube立方數(shù)，立方體squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用對數(shù)digit數(shù)字constant常數(shù)variable變量inversefunction反函數(shù)complementaryfunction余函數(shù)linear一次的，線性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue絕對值，roundoff四舍五入6.有關數(shù)論naturalnumber自然數(shù)positivenumber正數(shù)negativenumber負數(shù)oddinteger,oddnumber奇數(shù)eveninteger,evennumber偶數(shù)integer,wholenumber整數(shù)positivewholenumber正整數(shù)negativewholenumber負整數(shù)consecutivenumber連續(xù)整數(shù)realnumber,rationalnumber實數(shù),有理數(shù)irrational(number)無理數(shù)inverse倒數(shù)compositenumber合數(shù)primenumber質(zhì)數(shù)reciprocal倒數(shù)commondivisor公約數(shù)multiple倍數(shù)(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍數(shù)(prime)factor(質(zhì))因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十進制nonnegative非負的tens十位units個位mode眾數(shù)median中數(shù)commonratio公比7.數(shù)列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差數(shù)列geometricprogression(sequence)等比數(shù)列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)順時針方向cardinal基數(shù)ordinal序數(shù)directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估計，近似parentheses括號proportion比例permutation排列combination組合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函數(shù)unit單位,位幾何部分1.所有的角alternateangle內(nèi)錯角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle對頂角centralangle圓心角interiorangle內(nèi)角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles補角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle鄰角acuteangle銳角obtuseangle鈍角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夾角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等邊三角形scalenetriangle不等邊三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle內(nèi)接三角形3.有關收斂的平面圖形，除三角形外semicircle半圓concentriccircles同心圓quadrilateral四邊形pentagon五邊形hexagon六邊形heptagon七邊形octagon八邊形nonagon九邊形decagon十邊形polygon多邊形parallelogram平行四邊形equilateral等邊形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle長方形regularpolygon正多邊形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面圖形arc弧line,straightline直線linesegment線段parallellines平行線segmentofacircle弧形5.有關立體圖形cube立方體，立方數(shù)rectangularsolid長方體regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面體circularcylinder圓柱體cone圓錐sphere球體solid立體的6.有關圖形上的附屬物altitude高depth深度side邊長circumference,perimeter周長radian弧度surfacearea表面積volume體積arm直角三角形的股crosssection橫截面centerofacircle圓心chord弦radius半徑anglebisector角平分線diagonal對角線diameter直徑edge棱faceofasolid立體的面hypotenuse斜邊includedside夾邊leg三角形的直角邊medianofatriangle三角形的中線base底邊，底數(shù)opposite直角三角形中的對邊midpoint中點endpoint端點vertex(復數(shù)形式vertices)頂點tangent切線的transversal截線intercept截距7.有關坐標coordinatesystem坐標系rectangularcoordinate直角坐標系origin原點abscissa橫坐標ordinate縱坐標numberline數(shù)軸quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane復平面8.其它planegeometry平面幾何trigonometry三角學bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe內(nèi)切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多邊的1、單位類cent美分penny一美分硬幣nickel5美分硬幣dime一角硬幣dozen打（12個）score廿(20個)Centigrade攝氏Fahrenheit華氏quart夸脫gallon加侖(1gallon=4quart)yard碼meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量單位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方單位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脫(干量或液量的單位)2.有關文字敘述題，主要是有關商業(yè)intercalaryyear(leapyear)閏年(366天)commonyear平年(365天)depreciation折舊downpayment直接付款discount打折margin利潤profit利潤interest利息simpleinterest單利compoundedinterest復利dividend紅利decreaseto減少到decreaseby減少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了denote表示listprice標價markup漲價percapita每人ratio比率retailprice零售價tie打平集合與簡易邏輯集合（集）set非負整數(shù)集thesetofallnon-negativeintegers自然數(shù)集thesetofallnaturalnumbers正整數(shù)集thesetofallpositiveintegers整數(shù)集thesetofallintegers有理數(shù)集thesetofallrationalnumbers實數(shù)集thesetofallrealnumbers元素element屬于belongto不屬于notbelongto有限集finiteset無限集infiniteset空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集propersubset補集（余集）complementaryset全集universe交集intersection并集union偶數(shù)集thesetofallevennumbers奇數(shù)集thesetofalloddnumbers含絕對值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality邏輯logic邏輯聯(lián)結詞logicconnective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truthtable原命題originalproposition逆命題converseproposition否命題negativeproposition逆否命題converse-negativeproposition充分條件sufficientcondition必要條件necessarycondition充要條件sufficientandnecessarycondition……的充要條件是………ifandonlyif…函數(shù)函數(shù)function自變量argument定義域domain值域range區(qū)間interval閉區(qū)間closedinterval開區(qū)間openinterval函數(shù)的圖象graphoffunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage單調(diào)monotone增函數(shù)increasingfunction減函數(shù)decreasingfunction單調(diào)區(qū)間monotoneinterval反函數(shù)inversefunction指數(shù)exponentn次方根nthroot根式radical根指數(shù)radicalexponent被開方數(shù)radicand指數(shù)函數(shù)exponentialfunction對數(shù)logarithm常用對數(shù)commonlogarithm自然對數(shù)naturallogarithm對數(shù)函數(shù)logarithmicfunction數(shù)列數(shù)列sequenceofnumber項term通項公式theformulaofgeneralterm有窮數(shù)列finitesequenceofnumber無窮數(shù)列infinitesequenceofnumber遞推公式recurrenceformula等差數(shù)列arithmeticprogression，arithmeticseries公差commondifference等差中項arithmeticmean等比數(shù)列geometricprogression，geometricseries公比commonratio等比中項geometricmean三角函數(shù)三角函數(shù)trigonometricfunction始邊initialside終邊terminalside正角positiveangle負角negativeangle零角zeroangle象限角quadrantangle弧度radian弧度制radianmeasure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant誘導公式inductionformula正弦曲線sinecurve余弦曲線cosinecurve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函數(shù)periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration頻率frequency相位phase初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent平面向量有向線段directedlinesegment數(shù)量scalarquantity向量vector零向量zerovector相等向量equalvector共線向量collinearvectors平行向量parallelvectors向量的數(shù)乘multiplicationofvectorbyscalar單位向量unitvector基底base基向量basevectors平移translation數(shù)量積innerproduct正弦定理sinetheorem余弦定理