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11AuthorCharacterListPlotThemes2Author2LouisaMayAlcottBirthday:November29,1832Died:March6,1888(aged
55)
Birthplace:Germantown,PennsylvaniaShewastheseconddaughterShenevermarriedorhadafamilyofherown
3LouisaMayAlcottBirthday:NovHerFamilyHerWorksExperiences4HerFamilyHerWorksExpePoems
(56)----------------Sunlight(in1852)
Plays
(11)
------------
ThePrinceandthePeasantShortStories
(252)
teenagerShortStories
(157)--------
TheAccidentBackWindow
AdultShortStories
(66)
------------
FateinaFan
OtherShortStories
(29)
-----------Anna
Novels
(18)------------LittleWomen
LittleMen
CollectiveWorks
(24)
OtherWorks
(25)
---------HappyWomen
5Poems
(56)----------------SunlShewasatomboyandshehadanunladyliketemperShereceivedthemajorityofherschoolingfromherfather.ShealsoreceivedsomeinstructionfromwritersandeducatorssuchasRalphWaldoEmerson
ChildAdultPovertymadeitnecessaryforLouisetogotoworkatanearlyageasanoccasionalteacher,seamstress,governess,domestichelper,andwriter,Louisealsoproducedwholesomestoriesforchildren,andshedidnotreturntocreatingworksforadults6ShewasatomboyandshehadaWhentheCivilWarbrokeoutin1861,Alcotthadanurgetogoandfightinit.ShesupportedtheNorthernsideoftheconflictbecauseshewasagainstslavery.Alcottwasdevotedtoherparentsandhersisters.Alcottcaughtpneumonia(肺炎)whileworkingasanurseintheCivilWar.Shesufferedalot.7WhentheCivilWarbrokeoutiHerfatherfailedtoprovideenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily,andtheirpovertywassodirethatintwentyyears,theymovedtwentytimes.HersisterLizziediedatage21,worsestill,herlittlebrotherdiedininfancy.8HerfatherfailedtoprovideeJosephineMarch
Theprotagonistofthenovel,andthesecond-oldestMarchsister.Jowantstobeawriter.Johasatemperandaquicktongue.Sheisatomboy,andreactswithimpatiencetothemanylimitationsplacedonwomenandgirls.Shehatesromanceinherreallife,andwantsnothingmorethantoholdherfamilytogether.9JosephineMarch9MegMarchTheoldestMarchsister.Responsibleandkind,Megmothersheryoungersisters.Shehasasmallweaknessforluxuryandleisure,butthegreaterpartofherisgentleandloving.10MegMarch10BethMarch
ThethirdMarchdaughter.Bethisveryquietandveryvirtuous,andshedoesnothingbuttrytopleaseothers.Sheadoresmusicandplaysthepianoverywell.11BethMarch11AmyMarch
TheyoungestMarchgirl.Amyisanartistwhoadoresvisualbeautyandhasaweaknessforprettypossessions.Sheisgiventopouting,fitsoftemper,andvanity;butshedoesattempttoimproveherself.Shegetswhatshewantsintheend:popularity,thetriptoEurope,andLaurie.12AmyMarch12LaurieLaurence
TherichboywholivesnextdoortotheMarches.Laurie,becomeslikeasonandbrothertotheMarches.Heischarming,clever,andhasagoodheart.Lauriestruggleswithhisgrandfather’sexpectationsofhim.Heisnotmanlyenoughforhisgrandfatherbecausehedoesnotwanttoenterthebusinessworld.13LaurieLaurence13Marmee
-TheMarchgirls’mother.Marmeeisthemoralrolemodelforhergirls.Shecounselsthemthroughalloftheirproblemsandworkshardbuthappilywhileherhusbandisatwar.Mr.March
-TheMarchgirls’fatherandMarmee’shusband.HeservesintheUnionarmyasachaplain.Whenhereturnshome,hecontinuesactingasaministertoanearbyparish.14Marmee-TheMarchgirls’motMr.Brooke
-Laurie’stutor.Mr.Brookeispoorbutvirtuous.FrederickBhaer
-ArespectedprofessorinGermanywhobecomesanimpoverishedlanguageinstructorinAmerica.Mr.BhaerlivesinNewYork,wherehemeetsJo.Heiskindandfatherly.AuntMarch
-ArichwidowandoneoftheMarchgirls’aunts.Althoughcrotchetyanddifficult,AuntMarchlovesherniecesandwantsthebestforthem.15Mr.Brooke-Laurie’stutor.ThestorybeginsonChristmasEve.16ThestorybeginsonChrisMarmeecomeshomewithaletterfromMr.March,thegirls’father,whoisservingasaUnionchaplainintheCivilWar.Theletterinspiresthegirlstobeartheirburdensmorecheerfullyandnottocomplainabouttheirpoverty.17MarmeecomeshomewithaletteOnChristmasmorning,Marmeeencouragesthemtogiveawaytheirbreakfasttoapoorfamily,theHummels.Theirelderlywealthyneighbor,Mr.Laurence,whomthegirlshavenevermet,rewardstheircharitableactivitiesbysendingoverafeast.Soon,MegandJoareinvitedtoattendaNewYear’sPartytheremeetsLaurie,
18OnChristmasmorning,18Onedarkday,thefamilyreceivesatelegramsayingthatMr.MarchissickinthehospitalinWashington,D.C.Marmeegoestotendtohim,andJosellsherhairtohelpfinancethetrip.BethgoestovisittheHummels,andcontractsscarletfeverfromtheHummelbaby.BethteetersonthebrinkofdeathuntilMarmeereturns.Meanwhile,AmyspendstimeatAuntMarch’shouseinordertoescapethedisease.Bethrecovers,thoughnotcompletely19Onedarkday,thefamilyreceiThreeyearspass,Mr.Marchishomefromthewar,MegmarriesandmovesintoanewhomewithMr.BrookewhoisLaurie’stutor.AmygetstogotoParisfor\studyinsteadofJo,becauseAmy’sgoodbehaviorwinsherAunt’spraise.ThenJomovestoNewYork.TheremeetsProfessorBhaer,apoorGermanlanguageinstructor.SinceAmyisillseriously,Joreturnshome,Laurieproposestoher,butsheturnshimdown.Bethsoondies.20Threeyearspass,Mr.MarchiAmyandLauriereuniteinFrance,andtheyfallinlove.Theymarryandreturnhome.ProfessorBhaercomesforJo,theymarrylater.
21AmyandLauriereuniteinFranThenovelendswiththefamilyhappilygatheredtogether,eachsisterthankfulforherblessingsandforeachother.22Thenovelendswiththefamily
Women’sStruggleBetweenFamilialDutyandPersonalGrowthInthenovel,anemphasisondomesticdutiesandfamilydetractsfromvariouswomen’sabilitiestoattendtotheirownpersonalgrowth.23Women’sStruggleBetweenFamiTheDangerofGenderStereotypingLittleWomenquestionsthevalidityofgenderstereotypes,bothmaleandfemale.AlcottbestowsthehighestesteemuponJoandLaurie,who,intheirrefusaltoembodygenderstereotypes,willingtobethemselves.24TheDangerofGenderStereotypTheNecessityofWorkThenoveldemonstratestheimportanceofthePuritanworkethic,whichdictatesthatitisholytodowork.Alcottultimatelyrecommendsworknotasameanstoamaterialend,butratherasameanstotheexpressionofinnergoodnessandcreativitythroughproductivity.25TheNecessityofWorkThenovelTheImportanceofBeingGenuine
Alcottemphasizedtheimportanceofpayingmoreattentiontotheinnerspiritualselfthantotemporary,earthlyconditionslikewealthandimpressiveappearances,andheincorporatesthisphilosophyintoLittleWomen.26TheImportanceofBeingGenuin2727281AuthorCharacterListPlotThemes29Author2LouisaMayAlcottBirthday:November29,1832Died:March6,1888(aged
55)
Birthplace:Germantown,PennsylvaniaShewastheseconddaughterShenevermarriedorhadafamilyofherown
30LouisaMayAlcottBirthday:NovHerFamilyHerWorksExperiences31HerFamilyHerWorksExpePoems
(56)----------------Sunlight(in1852)
Plays
(11)
------------
ThePrinceandthePeasantShortStories
(252)
teenagerShortStories
(157)--------
TheAccidentBackWindow
AdultShortStories
(66)
------------
FateinaFan
OtherShortStories
(29)
-----------Anna
Novels
(18)------------LittleWomen
LittleMen
CollectiveWorks
(24)
OtherWorks
(25)
---------HappyWomen
32Poems
(56)----------------SunlShewasatomboyandshehadanunladyliketemperShereceivedthemajorityofherschoolingfromherfather.ShealsoreceivedsomeinstructionfromwritersandeducatorssuchasRalphWaldoEmerson
ChildAdultPovertymadeitnecessaryforLouisetogotoworkatanearlyageasanoccasionalteacher,seamstress,governess,domestichelper,andwriter,Louisealsoproducedwholesomestoriesforchildren,andshedidnotreturntocreatingworksforadults33ShewasatomboyandshehadaWhentheCivilWarbrokeoutin1861,Alcotthadanurgetogoandfightinit.ShesupportedtheNorthernsideoftheconflictbecauseshewasagainstslavery.Alcottwasdevotedtoherparentsandhersisters.Alcottcaughtpneumonia(肺炎)whileworkingasanurseintheCivilWar.Shesufferedalot.34WhentheCivilWarbrokeoutiHerfatherfailedtoprovideenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily,andtheirpovertywassodirethatintwentyyears,theymovedtwentytimes.HersisterLizziediedatage21,worsestill,herlittlebrotherdiedininfancy.35HerfatherfailedtoprovideeJosephineMarch
Theprotagonistofthenovel,andthesecond-oldestMarchsister.Jowantstobeawriter.Johasatemperandaquicktongue.Sheisatomboy,andreactswithimpatiencetothemanylimitationsplacedonwomenandgirls.Shehatesromanceinherreallife,andwantsnothingmorethantoholdherfamilytogether.36JosephineMarch9MegMarchTheoldestMarchsister.Responsibleandkind,Megmothersheryoungersisters.Shehasasmallweaknessforluxuryandleisure,butthegreaterpartofherisgentleandloving.37MegMarch10BethMarch
ThethirdMarchdaughter.Bethisveryquietandveryvirtuous,andshedoesnothingbuttrytopleaseothers.Sheadoresmusicandplaysthepianoverywell.38BethMarch11AmyMarch
TheyoungestMarchgirl.Amyisanartistwhoadoresvisualbeautyandhasaweaknessforprettypossessions.Sheisgiventopouting,fitsoftemper,andvanity;butshedoesattempttoimproveherself.Shegetswhatshewantsintheend:popularity,thetriptoEurope,andLaurie.39AmyMarch12LaurieLaurence
TherichboywholivesnextdoortotheMarches.Laurie,becomeslikeasonandbrothertotheMarches.Heischarming,clever,andhasagoodheart.Lauriestruggleswithhisgrandfather’sexpectationsofhim.Heisnotmanlyenoughforhisgrandfatherbecausehedoesnotwanttoenterthebusinessworld.40LaurieLaurence13Marmee
-TheMarchgirls’mother.Marmeeisthemoralrolemodelforhergirls.Shecounselsthemthroughalloftheirproblemsandworkshardbuthappilywhileherhusbandisatwar.Mr.March
-TheMarchgirls’fatherandMarmee’shusband.HeservesintheUnionarmyasachaplain.Whenhereturnshome,hecontinuesactingasaministertoanearbyparish.41Marmee-TheMarchgirls’motMr.Brooke
-Laurie’stutor.Mr.Brookeispoorbutvirtuous.FrederickBhaer
-ArespectedprofessorinGermanywhobecomesanimpoverishedlanguageinstructorinAmerica.Mr.BhaerlivesinNewYork,wherehemeetsJo.Heiskindandfatherly.AuntMarch
-ArichwidowandoneoftheMarchgirls’aunts.Althoughcrotchetyanddifficult,AuntMarchlovesherniecesandwantsthebestforthem.42Mr.Brooke-Laurie’stutor.ThestorybeginsonChristmasEve.43ThestorybeginsonChrisMarmeecomeshomewithaletterfromMr.March,thegirls’father,whoisservingasaUnionchaplainintheCivilWar.Theletterinspiresthegirlstobeartheirburdensmorecheerfullyandnottocomplainabouttheirpoverty.44MarmeecomeshomewithaletteOnChristmasmorning,Marmeeencouragesthemtogiveawaytheirbreakfasttoapoorfamily,theHummels.Theirelderlywealthyneighbor,Mr.Laurence,whomthegirlshavenevermet,rewardstheircharitableactivitiesbysendingoverafeast.Soon,MegandJoareinvitedtoattendaNewYear’sPartytheremeetsLaurie,
45OnChristmasmorning,18Onedarkday,thefamilyreceivesatelegramsayingthatMr.MarchissickinthehospitalinWashington,D.C.Marmeegoestotendtohim,andJosellsherhairtohelpfinancethetrip.BethgoestovisittheHummels,andcontractsscarletfeverfromtheHummelbaby.BethteetersonthebrinkofdeathuntilMarmeereturns.Meanwhile,AmyspendstimeatAuntMarch’shouseinordertoescapethedisease.Bethrecovers,thoughnotcompletely46Onedarkday,thefamilyreceiThreeyearspass,Mr.Marchishomefromthewar,MegmarriesandmovesintoanewhomewithMr.BrookewhoisLaurie’stutor.AmygetstogotoParisfor\studyinsteadofJo,becauseAmy’sgoodbehaviorwinsherAunt’spraise.ThenJomovestoNewYork.TheremeetsProfessorBhaer,apoorGermanlanguageinstructor.SinceAmyisillseriously,Joreturnshome,Laurieproposestoher,butsheturnshimdown.Bethsoondies.47Threeyearspass,Mr.MarchiAmyandLa
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