淺談初中英語虛構語氣的用法一．語氣的觀點英語動詞不單有時態、語態等的變化，并且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時態、語態同樣都是英語的語法現象。從形式上看，語氣是動詞的一種變化形式。從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對某一行為或某一事情的見解和態度。根聽說話人的企圖，語氣可分3種：⑴直陳語氣（又叫陳說語氣）——用來陳說事實（或發問題）等。能夠用于陳說句，也能夠用于疑問句或嘆息句。⑵祈使語氣——用來提出懇求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。⑶虛構語氣——見下邊。語氣和時態是截然相反的觀點，但語氣要經過動詞的時態形式表示出來。二．虛構語氣㈠觀點往常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實，而是一種純粹的假定、虛構、主觀夢想或建議等。能夠用于陳說句，也能夠用于疑問句等。㈡動詞形式虛構語氣的動詞形式大部分狀況是用動詞（相應）的過去時（相對直陳語氣而言）。動詞be若用過去式時能夠一律用were。㈢應用⑴在含有條件狀語從句的復合句中的應用。表示純粹的假定，或可能性很小的狀況。主從句的謂語動詞主要形式以下：從句主句對此刻或未來的狀況假定時過去式would+動詞原形對過去的狀況假定時had+done（過去達成時）would+have+done例：1）IfIwereyou,I’dwearashirtandtie.2）Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?3）Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.4）Ifhehadn’tbeenstrictwithhimself,hewouldn’thavemadesuchprogress.⑵在wish等賓語從句中的應用。表示純粹的主觀夢想，不行能實現的，或實現的可能性極小的狀況。賓語從句謂語動詞依據詳細狀況常可用一般過去時，過去未來時或過去達成時等。比如：1）IwishthatIcouldhelphimnow.我此刻假如能幫上他該多好啊！或我多么希望此刻能幫上他！（言下之意：我此刻幫不上他，沒能力幫助他）2）IwishIcouldcomeheretomorrow.明日我假如能來這兒就好了！（言下之意：我明日根本不行能來這兒，或我明日能來這兒的可能性很小）3）Wewishhehadn’tgone.他假如沒有走該多好啊！⑶用在suggest等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。句型為：suggest(ed)that(should)+動詞原形（should可省略）1）Hesuggeststhatwe(should)visitthemuseum.Wesuggestedthathe_____hereeveryday.虛構語氣的幾種特別用法1.免卻if的條件從句構造：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,)2.有時虛構條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連結詞或定語從句來表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,

)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,

)例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thave過been去]sosuccessfully.[（=>可變換為：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,）weYournotesarealmostillegible(難以辨識的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[未來](=>可變換為：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease過.[去](=>可變換為：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)有時條件從句中的動作和結果從句中的動作發生的時間不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.五、虛構語氣的其余用法1、Suggest,advise等動詞以后賓語從句須用虛構語氣，其句子構造以下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,+that(should)+動詞原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此構造中that不行省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現時，that指引的從句仍用虛構語氣。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.假如that指引的從句所表達的內容是事實，也可用陳說語氣。Heinsiststhatheisright.2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that指引的從句須用虛構語氣，其句子構造以下：imperative,advisable,動詞達成式Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+thatessential,strange,等動詞原形Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctorItisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.

(should)+’sorders.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were—與此刻事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語+動詞過去達成式—與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形—與未來事實相反IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的差別在于：hope表示一般能夠實現的希望，賓語從句用陳說語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現的希望,賓語從句用虛構語氣。試比較：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)指引的從句須用虛構語氣，如：Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat動詞過+去式或should+動詞原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.虛構語氣專項練習題(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.D.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speakwithFrenchaccents.A.don'tB.willnotC.mustn'tD.wouldn't(3)_____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?A.WereweleavingB.IfweleaveC.WouldweleaveD.Werewetoleave(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?D.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher?”“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher?”A.ifsheaskedyouB.ifsheweretoaskyou(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,_____tohim?C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk(8).IfIlivedinthecity,I____travelincrowededbuses,butI_____toseelotsoffilms.A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amableC.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.D.wouldhavehad(11)._____yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.D.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?”“Onlythatifhe____amillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim?”“Iwouldhave____Ididn'thavethemoney.A.stillB.”(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?Heisilltoday.”“IsuggestWangHong_____.”(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwe_____televisiononweeknights.C.notbewatchingD.havenotwatchD.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?’“Yes,verymuch.IwishI_____havetoleavesosoon.”A.won'tB.don'tC.mustn'tD.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?”

”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttime_____onsomething.”A.I'mdecidingB.I'lldecideC.IdecidedD.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.sayB.didn'tsayC.don'tsayD.notsay(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?”“Theteacherdemandsthateveryone_____inhisseatatsix.”(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlesthe_____it.(22).“howdoesthelibrarianact?”“”(23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendrivers_____severelypunished.(24).Iwishyou______interruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.D.didnot(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifit____him.(27).Givehermybestregards,________.(28).Therewasasuggestionbytheteachersthatthemeeting______postponedforaweek.D.shouldbe(29).Itishighlydesirablethateveryeffort______toreducepollutioninBeijing.(30).Themanagerwouldratherthathiswife_____workinthesameofficeashedose.D.willnot(31).Theteacherinsistedthatweall___backbytwoo'clock.(32).Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishI____there.(33).Itishightimewe____drugtrafficking.(販毒)D.shoulddoawaywith()1.Ifmyfather______herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldB.were,willC.is,will()2.He____learnquicklyifhe____har