1、 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待航線等待航線：很多大、中型機場都設有等待航線,等待進近著陸、等待天氣好轉、消失高度;其中右航線為標準等待程序,左航線為非標準等待程序。對于已公布的等待航線,可以從圖上查出等待定位點參數、出航航跡、入航航跡、出時間、最低等待高度層、最大等待速度。未公布的等待航線,以上數據則可從空中交通管部門處獲得。在飛機到達等待定位點前5 min,由管制部門發給飛機進行等待的管制許可。等待的許可包括：等待定位點;等待航線與等待定位點的方位關系;飛向等待定位點的人航航跡所使用無線電設備的徑向線、航向、方位、航路或航線;等待航線的出航距離或以分鐘為單

2、位的出航時間;等待航線的轉彎方向(右轉彎可以省略)。以上內容為航圖上未公布的等待航線,如果等待航線在航圖上已公布,則項的內容可以省略。發給飛機上述等待許可之后,管制部門還要通知飛機預計進近時間或預計追加管制許可(下一個許可)的時間 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 等待程序的出航時間規定是: 14000ft( 4250 m ) (含)以下為1 min, 14000ft( 4250m)以上為1.5 min。如果有DME,可用DME距離限制 來代替時間。等待飛行中, 如果空中交通管制員未指明是左等待 或者等待圖沒有規定,則所有的轉彎都是右轉彎。 等待航線的實施程序：等待航

3、線的實施程序： 當需要飛機在等待定位點進行等待延遲時,空中交通管制部門在飛機到達定位點前5min,發出進行等待的管制許可; 進行各種計算,并在到達等待定位點前3min,開始減速到等待速度; 根據飛機飛往等待定位點的航向,按規定扇區進入等待航線; 沿等待航線飛行,直至脫離等待航線。 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding If youre a frequent flyer, you have probably had to hold at one time or another. Holding is when an airplane makes several 360 tu

4、rns to avoid other aircraft or wait for a clearance to land. Although not as common now as it used to be, you may still encounter a holding request, especially if you are a pilot working on an instrument rating .in bound: approaching destination outbound: away from destination Lesson 12 Descent and

5、Holding ATC will issue holding instructions at least 5 minutes before your estimated arrival at the fix. Where a holding pattern is not depicted, the ATC clearance will specify the following: 1. Direction of holding from the fix. 2. Holding fix (the fix may be omitted if included at the beginning of

6、 the transmission as the clearance limit). 3. Radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the aircraft is to hold. 4. Leg length in miles if DME or area navigation (RNAV) is to be used (leg length will be specified in minutes on pilot request or if the controller considers it necessary). 5. D

7、irection of turn if left turns are to be made, the pilot requests or the controller considers it necessary. 6. Time to expect-further-clearance (EFC) and any pertinent additional delay information Lesson 12 Descent and Holding Holding instructions Aircraft callsign hold at (holding fix) level inboun

8、d track right/left turn Time of leg (If neccesary ) EFC(expect appraoch clerance） 1. CCA895, hold west of BH NDB, inbound track 105, left pattern , outbound time 1.5 minutes, maintain 2400m,EFC at 1550, time now 15352. CCA145, cleared to VMB 328 radial 20 mile DME. Hold northwest between the 20 and

9、40 mile DME, inbound track 148, right pattern , maintain 7200m, EFC at 2230. Time now 2215 Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 1.Descend to 6000feet on QNH 2.After passing TAMOTdescend to . geographical limit3.Expect descent to (FL) after (time) / time limit4.Continue descent to and maintain/Stop descent

10、at (FL)5.Request6.Expedite descent to (FL) /Expedite decent until passing (FL)A speed restriction to increase/reduce the rate of descent, or expedite 7. request VMC descent 8. increase rate of descent until passing (FL)9. maintain own separation and VMC from (FL) to _(FL)Lesson 12 Descent and Holdin

11、g 1.向臺航跡30度2. 出航一分鐘3. 請求等待指令（程序）4. 自己保持間隔5.CH VOR度徑向線上DME到英里之間等待6.過SV后下降高度到FL1307.預計進近指令在10558.請求下降高度/ 停止下降高度 /繼續下降高度/加速下降高度Request descent/stop descent/continue descent/expedite descentLesson 12 Descent and Holding Descending and Approaching (54)Destination: Greenyard Alternate: Blackyard (Your are

12、 descending , passing 7,000ft contact Greenyard Approach ) P: : C: ADE Greenyard Approach, clear to direct AND 5,000ft, hold at AND at 5,000ft as published, expect approach time 25. P: : C: ADE revised expect approach time 35 P: : C: ADE revised expect approach time 50 (Say you have only 20minutes e

13、ndurance) P: : C: ADE delay Is undetermined, runway is still blocked. ( Say you want to direct to the nearest available alternate) P: : Lesson 12 Descent and Holding 1. as published: 按規定 2.To be level： 改平3.Outbound traffic 4.Outbound leg =outbound time 5.Traffic no longer a factor 6. outbound distan

14、ce Lesson 13 Approach 1. When establishing initial contact with approach control, the pilot should report to the controller the aircraft present position and the latest ATIS (if received). Then approach controller will normally advise on initial contact the type of approach to be expected. P: presen

15、t position + ATIS C: Descent level+ (STAR) Type of approach+ Landing runway +QNH/ QFE (Model A) STAR : standard arrival route (Model F) 2. In cases of traffic density, it is always possible that the controllers issue approach holding instructions on initial contact. (Model B) Lesson 13 Approach 3. D

16、epending on the circumstances, sometimes the controller may revise the approach sequence (Model C) 4. On some occasions pilot would request permission to make a visual approach, so that the pilot can maintain visual reference to the terrain. (Model D) 5. When the pilot makes an ILS approach, he must

17、 make a report when establishing on the localizer. C: CSN305 cleared ILS approach runway 13R, report established on the localizer Lesson 13 Approach 6. Speed adjustment is frequently used in approach control by the Controller to keep safe separation among traffic. P: SIA213 over BT C: SIA213 whats y

18、our speed P: 230kts SIA213 C:SIA213 reduce speed to 210kts due traffic ahead report established on the localizerLesson 13 Approach 1.ETO: Estimated Time Over（Significant Point）2. Upwind, crosswind, Downwind, base, final 3. REQUEST / CLEARED straight-in (type of approach) approach visual approach /IL

19、S approach VOR/NDB approach Precision radar approach4. established on the localizer-to be in line with the extended centerline of the runway5. marker-providing range information with respect to the runway during the approach 9. outer marker-is usu. placed 4 to 7 miles from the runway and placed insi

20、de the point where an aircraft flying the ILS intercepts the G/S (IM-inner marker，MM- middle marker, OM）Lesson 13 ApproachTraffic CircuitLesson 13 Approach 1.預計36號右盲降進近2.預計13號跑道IGS進近3.預計進近時間改為35分4.可以NDB進近，跑道18R5. 能見機場,請求目視進近6.請求直線進近7.減小到最小進近速度8. 遠臺叫 /建立航向道報告9. 18號右做標準盲降進近11.沒有延誤Lesson 13 Approach 12

21、.可以經由VB2A標準進場航線飛至竹料，下降并保持飛行高度層5700米13.你距VB70公里，方位170度 14.我們看到機場了，請求21號跑道直接進近。 15.下降到900米，飛往QX，看到機場報告。 You are 70km from VB, radial 170 degree. We have your field in sight, request straight in approach for R/W21. Descend to 900m, proceed to (heading to) QX, report when you have the field in sight. Cl

22、eared to Zhuliao via VB2A arrival, descend and maintain FL57Lesson 13 Approach 16.繼續等待五分鐘。17.請問機上續航時間。18. Outbound track (heading) 239 degrees from FO for one and a half minutes .19.Make one more holding due to traffic density. Continue holding for 5 minutes. Request your endurance on board. (What t

23、 your endurance? ) 從從FOFO出航航跡（航向）出航航跡（航向）239239度飛一分半鐘。度飛一分半鐘。 再盤旋一次，因活動頻繁再盤旋一次，因活動頻繁 Lesson 13 Approach Additional words and expressions localizer back course : 航向道背臺航道/背航道進近（反航道進近） localizer: In aviation, a localizer (LOC) is the component of an Instrument Landing System (ILS) that provides runway

24、centerline guidance to aircraft, but not the glideslope information. Review of unit 6 1. Definition of Holding pattern: the oval or circular path of an aircraft flying around an airport awaiting permission to land.2.Usage of Holding pattern : The primary use of a holding pattern is delaying aircraft that have arrived at their destination but cannot land yet because of traffic congestion, poor weather, or runway unavailability (for instance, during snow removal). 3.Holding instructions Aircraft callsign hold at (holding fix) level inbound track right/left turn Time of leg (If nec