1、初二英語語法知識重點總結一、知識強化1掌握本單元的重點詞匯及句型。2談論最好做某事和正確做某事，培養提高自己的交際能力。3正確使用should和ought to。二、重難點知識講解1First, we decided to elect the chief editor. 首先我們決定選出主編。decide 動詞，意為“決定”，常用結構：decide (not) to do sth. 決定(不)做某事decide on doing sth 決定做某事decide + 疑問代詞/副詞不定式 決定decide從句 決定e.g.I decided to go to Beijing on Monday.

2、我決定星期一去北京。He has decided on going for a trip next week.他已決定下周去旅行。He decided when to go to Beijing.他已經決定了什么時候去北京。We decided that we didnt take part in the basketball match.我們決定不參加籃球比賽。2We should choose Joyce because she has experience.我們應該選喬伊斯因為她很有經驗。（1）experience n. 經驗；經歷經驗(不可數名詞)e.g.He is a math te

3、acher with 5 years experience.他是一名有五年工作經驗的數學老師。經歷(可數名詞)e.g.It was a strange experience.真是一次奇特的經歷。Please tell us your experiences in America.請你告訴我們你在美洲的經歷。（2）experience v. 體驗；經歷e.g.Our country has experienced great changes in the last thirty years.我國在過去三十年經歷了巨大變化。3Then we all voted for her. 然后我們都投票贊成

4、（選喬伊斯為主編）。vote for sb. 意為“投票贊成某人”。e.g.I shall vote for Ben because he has experience.我將投票選本因為他有經驗。Vote for Johnsonthe peoples friend!請投約翰遜一票他是人民的支持者。vote against 意為“投票反對”。e.g.People vote against Henry.人們投票反對亨利。4Then Joyce took charge of the meeting. 于是，喬伊斯主持會議。take charge of意為“主管，主持；負責”。e.g.Who will

5、 take charge of the meeting?誰將主持這次會議？She took charge of the family business after her father died.父親去世后，家務事全由她負責。The department was badly organized until she took charge(of it).這個部門在她負責管理以前組織工作做得很差。5Then the others voted for me. 于是其他人投票選我。句中的the others指參加會議的除我以外的所有人即：Lucy, Joyce, Tony和Jessica。辨析：oth

6、er, the other, the others與another（1）other表示“其他的”，表示泛指，沒有特定的范圍。e.g.Lei Feng always helped other people.雷鋒總是幫助別人。(指其他的任何人)（2）the other意為“另一個”，一般用于兩者之間。其句型為：onethe other一個另一個e.g.The old man has two sons. One is a soldier, the other is a worker.那位老人有兩個兒子，一個是士兵，另一個是工人。注意：the other和other后均可加名詞，但意思有所不同，“th

7、e other名詞”表示一定范圍內除一部分外其余的全部，而“other名詞”表示除去部分以后的另一些，但不是剩下的全部。（3）the others 特指一定范圍內的其余的全部人或事物。e.g.I have three pencils. One is long, and the others are short.我有三支鉛筆，一支是長的，另外（兩個）是短的。（代詞）（4）another表示三者或三者以上的其他任何一個，意為“再一；又一”。e.g.Would you like another cup of tea?你還要一杯茶嗎?6You will be responsible for diffe

8、rent sections of the paper.你們將負責報紙的不同部分。be responsible for意為“對負責”。e.g.Who is responsible for breaking the mirror?鏡子是誰打破的?The bus driver is responsible for the passengers safety.公共汽車司機應對乘客的安全負責。7Should it be free for readers, or should they pay for it?讀者應免費閱讀還是花錢購買呢？辨析：pay, spend, cost與take四個單詞都可以表示“

9、花費”，但用法卻不盡相同。（1）pay的基本用法是：pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買某物。e.g.I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每個月要付給他們20英鎊的房租。pay for sth. 付某物的錢e.g.I have to pay for the lost book.我不得不賠償丟失的書款。pay for sb. 替某人付錢e.g.Dont worry! Ill pay for you.別擔心，我會給你付錢的。（2）spend的主語必須是人，常用于以下結構：spend time/

10、money on sth. 在某物上花費時間/ 金錢。e.g.I spent two hours on this maths problem.這道數學題花了我兩個小時。spend time/ money(in)doing sth. 花費時間/金錢做某事。e.g.They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。（3）cost的主語是物或某種活動，還可以表示“值”，常見的用法如下：“sth. cost (sb.)金錢”表示“某物花了(某人)多少錢”。e.g.A new computer costs a lot of money

11、.買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。“(doing)sth. cost(sb.)時間”表示“(做某事)某物花了(某人)多少時間”e.g.Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量的時間才記住了這些新單詞。（4）take 常見的用法有以下幾種：“It takes/took sb.時間 to do sth. ”表示“做某事花了某人多少時間”。e.g.It took them three years to build this road.他們用了三年時間修完了這條路。“doing sth. takes sb.時間”表示“做某事花了某人多少

12、時間”。e.g.Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一整下午修這輛小汽車。8Well, I usually try to get one for free from outside the library哦，我通常試圖從圖書館外免費拿一份try to do sth.,意為“盡力、設法去做某事”，強調付出一定的努力或想方設法地去完成。Ill try to come early tomorrow.我明天盡量早點兒來。辨析：try doing sth. 意為“嘗試著做某事”，不一定付出很大努力。e.g.If you like, you

13、 can try watching it.如果你喜歡，你可以試著看一下。拓展：try/do ones best to do sth.意為“盡某人全力去做某事”。e.g.We should try our best to practice speaking English.我們應盡力來練習說英語。try on意為“試穿”。e.g.Can I try it on?我可以試穿一下嗎?try也可用作名詞，意為“嘗試”。e.g.I cant open this doorwill you have a try?我打不開這扇門你來試試行嗎?9I also have the habit of reading

14、English for half an hour every morning.我也有每天早上讀半小時英語的習慣。have the habit of doing意為“有干某事的習慣”。e.g.My mother has the habit of getting up early.我媽媽有早起的習慣。He has habit of smoking during meals.他有吃飯時吸煙的習慣。10Were you nervous before the speech? 在演講前你緊張嗎?nervous意為“焦慮的，緊張的”，形容詞作表語，可以與動詞get/ feel，系動詞be連用。e.g.Don

15、t be nervous! The doctor just wants to help you.別緊張!醫生只是想幫助你。I felt very nervous when I went into his office.當我走進他的辦公室時，我感到很緊張。11She was on her way to the library to return the books.她正走在去圖書館還書的路上。（1）the way to意為“去的路”。其中the可以用物主代詞替換。如果表示地點的詞是副詞home, there, here等時，則不用介詞to。way為名詞，意為“路；道路”，其常用的搭配還有on o

16、nes way ton. 或on ones wayadv.，意為“在去的路上”。e.g.I see some beautiful flowers on my may home.在回家的路上，我看到一些美麗的花。On my way to the school I met my head teacher.上學路上我遇到了班主任。（2）return在句中意為“歸還”，相當于give sth. back.e.g.Return the book to the library.把書歸還給圖書館。12but I havent felt lonely at all. 但我一點也不感到孤獨。（1）辨析：lone

17、ly與alonelonely一般只用作形容詞，表示“孤單的，孤獨的，寂寞的”，在句中既可作表語，又可作定語。lonely修飾物時，意為“荒涼的”。e.g.When his wife and two little children left him, he was very lonely.妻子和兩個孩子離他而去后，他很孤獨。This is a lonely mountain village.這是一個荒涼的小山村。alone作形容詞時，意為“單獨的，獨自的；獨一無二的”，通常只用作表語。用作副詞，表示“獨自地，單獨地”之意，相當于by oneself。此外，alone用在名詞或代詞之后，意為“只有

18、，唯有，僅僅”。e.g.Tom alone knew what had happened.只有湯姆知道發生了什么事。lonely指人孤獨寂寞，或指地方荒無人煙，有濃厚的傷感色彩。alone表示“單獨，獨自一人”，不含感情色彩。e.g.He doesnt feel lonely though he lives alone.盡管他獨自生活，但他并不感到孤獨。（2）notat all 意為“一點也不；根本不”，是完全否定。e.g.I dont like it /them at all. 我根本不喜歡它（它們）。He can not swim at all. 他根本就不會游泳。She doesnt l

19、ove me at all. 她根本就不愛我。三、語法點撥should與ought to的用法1一般說來，兩者可替換，只是ought to語氣稍重。e.g.You ought to (should) go and see Mary sometime.你應該什么時候去看看瑪麗。The train ought to (should) have arrived at six.火車本應該6點鐘到的。 Such things ought not to be allowed.這種事情是不允許的。2表示出于法令規則、行為準則、道德責任等客觀情況而“應該”做某事時，一般應用ought to，若用should則

20、含有個人意見，強調主觀看法。e.g.We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will.明天我們按理應該去看看瑪麗，但是我認為我們不會去(此句不宜用should)。3在公告、須知或條例中，出于禮貌，常用should。如：e.g.You should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不準在游泳池邊奔跑。【句型一】Be + 主語 + ?Are these books on the desk? 這些書在桌子下嗎？Is your mother at home? 你媽媽在家嗎？Was he

21、here a moment ago? 他剛才在這兒嗎？【用法說明】在含有連解動詞be的將來時(shall / will + be) 或完成時態(have / has + been) 的句子，改為一般疑問句時，只需將shall / will 或have / has提到句首。如：Will they be at home tonight? 他們今晚在家嗎？Has he been to New York? 他去過紐約嗎？【句型二】Do / Does / Did + 主語 + 謂語 +?Do you like English? 你喜歡英語嗎？Did he pass the exam? 他通過了這次考試嗎

22、？Does she have a computer? 她有一臺電腦嗎？【用法說明】助動詞 do 要隨人稱和時態而變化。在一般現在時中，除第三人稱單數用 does 外，其他人稱用 do。而在一般過來時中，任何人稱都用 did。同時，借應注意把原陳述句的止為動詞改為動詞原形。【句型三】情態動詞 + 主語 + 謂語 +?Must I finish my homework now? 我必須現在完成我的家庭作業嗎？Dare you swim in the lake? 你敢在這個湖里游泳嗎？May I come in? 我可以進來嗎？【用法說明】有的情態動詞(如 need, dare) 既可作情態動詞，也

23、可作止為動詞，因此它們的一般疑問句有兩種形式。如：Need you go so soon? 你非得這么快就走嗎？(情態動詞)Do you need to go so soon? 你非得這么快就走嗎？(止為動詞)【句型四】Have / Has + 主語 + 過來分詞 +?Have you heard from him? 你支到他的來信嗎？Has he finished his homework? 他完成了家庭作業嗎？【用法說明】原句型是現在完成時的一般疑問句句型。have / has 在此作助動詞，沒有實際意義。另外，在美國英語中，無論 have 表示有或用作止為動詞，其一般疑問句都要借助于助動

24、詞 do 的適該形式。而在英國英語中，只有該 have 作止為動詞時，其一般疑問句才要作助動詞 do 的適該形式。如Has she got a computer? 她有一臺電腦嗎？(英國英語)Does she have a computer? 她有一臺電腦嗎？(美國英語)Did you have a pleasant time? 你過得快樂嗎？初中英語語法知識精講精練：代詞來源：網絡 文章作者：匿名 2009-12-03 11:14:58標簽：語法 英語(一) 知識概要英語中代詞可以分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞。?人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請看下表人稱 我

25、 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們主格 i you he she it we you they賓格 me you him her it us you them物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請看下表?人稱 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他們的形容詞性 my your his her its ours your they名詞性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs反身代詞可見下表人稱 我 你 他 她 它 我們 你們 他們反身代詞 myself yourself himself herself itself oursel

26、ves yourself themselves指示代詞主要有this, that, these, those疑問代詞有：who, whom whose, what, which,還有疑問副詞when, how, where, why。不定代詞在初中課本中主要有some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either(二) 例題解析1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine?答案B.析這里應用形容詞性物主代詞。?

27、2 - is she?- She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where?答案A.析這里的四個疑問詞放在問句中全都成立，但其意義不同。What is she?應譯為她的工作是什么?或她是做什么的?而How is she?應譯為她身體如何?而Who is she?應譯為她是誰?其答語應為她叫什么名字。而Where is she?應為她在什么地方?由答語決定了這道題的選擇。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing,

28、 working D Anything, to work?答案A.析因為是肯定句所以應用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，則stop后要用動名詞。4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves?答案C.析help oneself to something為自己拿某物。yourself為你一個人，而yourselves為你們。5 - do you go to school every day?- By bus.A How B Why C When D Where?答案A.析這題的答案是由問句

29、決定的。?6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers?答案D.析因句中有than,所以應選用比較級，而than后要選用名詞性物主代詞。7 - Can you speak English?- Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little答案D.析因會講某種語言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可數名詞對待，此答語為：是的，但僅僅會講一點。8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mi

30、ne?答案D.析這里應選名詞性物主代詞，這也是英語的一種習慣用法，而不要選擇my。9 do you hear from your parents?About once a month.A How long B How manyC How often D How much?答案C.析How often問的是某一動作發生的頻率，即在單位時間內發生多少次。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something?答案C.析在否定句中應用anything11 Mum, Anns coming

31、 tonight. Lets give her to eat.Good idea!A anything nice B nice anythingC something nice D nice something?答案C.析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代詞的修飾詞應放其后而不要放在其前面。12 - When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?- I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both?答案C.析因如選用both則名詞要用復數名詞，也要

32、用復數謂語動詞，由于答語前有I dont mind 則決定不能選擇neither.13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his?答案D.析要注意他的名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞是同形的。?14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two?答案A.析這是一條諺語，即沒有消息就是好消息。?15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She ha

33、s apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer?答案C.析由于是比較級，根據題意應選多于而不是少于。?16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interestingB something interestingC nothing interestingD interesting anything答案A.析由于句子是否定句，應選擇anything，而且不定代詞的修飾語應放在其后面。17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teac

34、hers答案D.析教師節Teachers Day,兒童節 Childrens Day, 婦女節 Womens Day18 - In England, people eat a lot of takeaway food. What about people in your country?-A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.?答案C.析在答語中用簡略方式表達上文的一個動作同樣適用于另一個主語時，則要采用倒裝句，但如果僅僅是對上句的重復則不要倒裝。?19 - Shall we go into that shop and have a lo

35、ok?- Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing?答案D.析這個答案的選擇應由上下兩句對話內容作出決定。?20- Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?- Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or?答案C.析neithernor意為既不也不21 The students are having a good time in the park. S

36、ome are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other?答案A.析這里因為是代替復數名詞，所以應用名詞性的復數代名詞。?22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too?答案B.析在否定句中該用either,而不用too和also.23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others

37、?答案A.析兩者中的另一個應為特指。而且應為單數形式的代名詞。而another是泛指單數代名詞。others是泛指復數代名詞，而the others是特指復數代名詞。24 Sorry, I cant answer your question.I know about the subject.A little B a little C few D a few?答案A.析中文講我對此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意為否定句。25 My sister doesnt like skating.A So do I B So I dontC Neither I dont D Neither d

38、o I?答案D.析這是表達上面否定句中的動作，也同樣不適合于第二個人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒裝句。26 Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.A you, he and I B I, you and heC he, I and you D you, I and he?答案A.析這是若干人稱代詞并列時的順序問題。請參看辨析中的例子。?27 All the students are busy, soof them will go to the concert.A many B little C a few D

39、 few?答案D.析student為可數名詞。28 The teacher gave student a new book.A nobody B both C each D any?答案C.析both其后的名詞應為復數，而any用于疑問句和否定句中只有each可以修飾單數可數名詞。29 Black is neither a teacher a worker.A or B either C nor D and?答案C.析neithernor為既不也不的固定搭配。30 Our teacher gave uson studying.A many advices B some advicesC an

40、advice D some advice?答案D.析advice為不可數名詞。some可用于可數或不可數名詞之前。31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America.A other B others C the other D the others?答案C.析因為是兩者中的一個，所以另一個應用單數特指代詞。?32 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups?答案D.析此句是疑問句，應用any cu

41、ps, 因提問時的be動詞用的是are。33 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D others?答案B.析此空應填入主語。又因其范圍已定，所以應選特指的代名詞。the other只能用作單數，而others是泛指復數代名詞，故只能選B。34 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so a C such a D a such?答案C.析在單數可數名詞前可以

42、有兩種表達法，即such+不定冠詞+形容詞+可數名詞單數形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容詞+不定冠詞+可數名詞單數，如：so good a day.35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few?答案C.析這是英文的表達法與中文不同之處。中文講只有少數人喜歡坐火車，英文要選用few。36 We must help and understand each.A other B another C othe

43、rs D the other?答案A.析each other意為互相，是習慣用語。37 is difficult to walk on the moon.A Man B One C That D It?答案D.析這里的真正主語應為不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主語只能用it.38 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have been answered.A all B both C either D none?答案D.析several letters意為若干信件，應看作多于兩者，則在A、D中作選擇，僅D符合句意。39 I

44、dont know about the new headmaster.A something B everything C nothing D anything?答案D.析否定句中應用anything.40 of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A No B None C Not D Neither?答案B.(三) 正誤辨析誤Toms mother is taller than my.正Toms mother is taller than mine.析形容詞性物主代詞可以作定語，也就是講它可以作形容詞

45、，如：my book，而這句話的意思是：湯姆的媽媽比我的媽媽高。比較的對象是my mother,也就是mine。誤We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish them.正We have a lot of homework to do today. So we need two or three hours to finish it.析在應用代詞時，要注意人稱，格與數的一致性。這里it所代替的是不可數名詞homework， 所以應用it。誤He and you should go t

46、o the library to return the books.正You and he should go to the library to return the books.析這主要是英語習慣上的用法。當兩個以上的人稱代詞并列時其排列順序一般為you, he, she, I,而復數時為we, you， they:如男女并列時，應先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承擔責任時，單數時用，I, he, she, you, 復數時用They, you， we, 如：Tom and I are good friends.You, he and I must go to pl

47、ay the game for our team this afternoon.We, you and they have been there before.I, he and you have to pay for it.誤He or his brother is doing their homework.正He or his brother is doing his homework.析由eitheror, neithernor, or 連接兩個主語時，如果兩主語是單數時，用單數代詞，如兩主語是復數時，用復數代詞，如：Either teachers or students want to

48、 do their best to help the old man.如是一單一復兩名詞時，一般將單數名詞放在前，復數名詞放在后，要用復數代詞，如：The teacher or his students will clean their classroom together.誤His brother is taller than him.正His brother is taller than he.析than是連詞，其后應視為省略句，than he is.所以要注意區分其主格與賓格的用法。I like you as much as she.正I like you as much as her.

49、析asas 其后也應看作是省略句。應為as I like her.所以應用賓格。而第一句應譯為我像她那樣喜歡你。兩句語法都是對的但含義不同。誤Myself did it yesterday.正I myself did it yesterday.正I did it myself yesterday.析反身代詞不可作主語，但可以用作主語的同位語。?誤Take care of ourselves.正Take care of yourselves .(yourself)析祈始句的主語應看作第二人稱you.誤Please bring your daughter with yourself.正Please

50、 bring your daughter with you.析反身代詞不能作介詞賓語，除非是由不及物動詞與介詞組成的動詞短語，如： The old woman spoke to herself.誤Make yourself home.正Make yourself at home.析這是英語中的習慣用法，意為像在家里一樣。這樣的用法還有：?enjoy oneself 玩得開心make yourself at home 像在家中一樣help yourself to something 自己拿某物lost oneself 迷路seat oneself 就坐dress oneself 穿衣誤-Whos

51、 this speaking.-Thats Mary.正-Whos that speaking.-This is Mary.析在電話用語中，this指講話人自己，而that指對方。誤The days in summer are longer than this in winter.正The days in summer are longer than those in winter.析在比較句中往往為了避免重復，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是單數時用that,復數時用those，如：The weather in Beijing is hotter than that in Chang Chun.誤It is so a good book that everyone likes to read.正It is such a