1、上皮組織被覆上皮單層扁平上皮內皮問皮單層立方上皮單層柱狀上皮假復層纖毛柱狀上皮復層扁平上皮變移上皮細胞衣微絨毛纖毛緊密連接中間連接橋粒縫隙連接基膜質膜內褶半橋粒GlossaryEpithelial Tissue ,epi' 9i：li?l 'ti ?ucovering epitheliumsimple squamous epithelium 'skweim ?s endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?mmesothelium ,mes?u' ei:li?msimple cuboidal epithelium kju:'b ?idlsi

2、mple columnar epithelium k?'l?mn? pesudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium 'str? tifaid transitional epitheliumcell coatmicrovillus(microvilli) ,maikr ?u'vil ?scilium(cilia) 'sili ?mtight junctionintermediate junctiondesmosome 'dezm ?s?umgap ju

3、nctionbasement membraneplasma membrane infolding 'pl ? zm?hemidesmosome結締組織固有結締組織疏松結締組織致密結締組織網狀組織脂肪組織成纖維細胞巨噬細胞漿細胞肥大細胞脂肪細胞基質膠原纖維彈性纖維網狀纖維網狀細胞軟骨軟骨組織透明軟骨彈性軟骨纖維軟骨軟骨細胞Connective Tissueconnective tissue proper loose connective tissue dense connective tissue reticular tissue ri'tikjul ? adipose tiss

4、ue ' ? dip ?us fibroblast 'faibr ?ubl a:st macrophage 'm ? kr?ufeid? plasma cell mast cellfat cellground substancecollagenous fiber k?'l? d?n?s elastic fiberreticular fiberreticular cellcartilage 'k atilid ?cartilage tissuehyaline cartilage 'hai ?lain elastic cartilagefibrous

5、 cartilage/fibrocartilage chondrocyte 'k?ndr?saitisogenous group ai's?d?in?s同源細胞群perichondrium ,peri'k?ndri ?m軟骨膜bone骨osseous tissue/bone tissue '?si?s骨組織bone matrix骨質osteoprogenitor cell骨祖細胞osteoblast '?sti?ubi? st成骨細胞osteocyte '?sti?sait骨細胞osteoclast '?sti?ukl? st破骨細胞ci

6、rcumferential lamella l?'mel ?環骨板osteone骨單位Haversian system哈弗斯系統interstitial lamella問骨板periosteum ,peri, ?sti?m骨外膜endosteum en'd ?sti?m骨內膜Blood血液serum 'si?r?m 血清blood plasma血漿Wright's stain瑞氏染色hemocyte 'hi:m ?sait血細胞erythrocytei'ri &?usait紅細胞hemoglobin(Hb) ,hi:m?u' gl

7、?ubin, ,hem-血紅蛋白reticulocyte ri'tikjul ?usait網織紅細胞leukocyte'lju：k?usait白細胞granulocyte ' gr? njul?usait有粒白細胞agranulocyte ei'夕？ njul?usait無粒白細胞azurophilic granules gr? nju：ls嗜天青顆粒neutrophil (neutrophilic granulocyte) 'nju:tr ?fil 中性粒細胞 eosinophil ,i:?'sin?fil,-fail,-fil嗜酸性粒細胞ba

8、sophil 'beis ?fil嗜堿性粒細胞monocyte 'm ?n?usait單核細胞lymphocyte 'limf ?usait淋巴細胞blood platelet 'pleitlit血/卜板Muscle Tissue肌組織muscle fiber肌纖維sarcolemma ,sa:k?u'lem ?肌膜sarcoplasm 's a:k?pl? z?m肌漿sarcoplasmic reticulum肌漿網skeletal muscle 'skelit?l骨骼肌epimysium ,epi'misi ?m肌外膜peri

9、mysium ,peri'mi ?i?m, -zi ?m肌束膜endomysium ,end?'mizi ?m肌內膜striated muscle 'straieitid橫紋肌myofilament ,mai?u'fil?m?nt肌絲isotropic band ,ais?u'tr ?pikI 帶anisotropic band ? n,ais?u'tr?pikA 帶sarcomere 's ak?mi?肌節myofibril ,mai?u'faibril肌原纖維transverse tubule (T tubule)橫小管lon

10、gitudinal tubule ,l?nd?i'tju:din ?l縱小管terminal cisternae 't?：min?i si'st?：ni：終池triad 'trai ?d, - ? d三聯體cardiac muscle 'k adi? k心肌intercalated disc閏盤diad 'dai ? d二聯體smooth muscle平滑肌神經組織 神經細胞 神經膠質細胞 神經元胞體 突起樹突 軸突 尼氏體 神經原纖維 神經絲微管 突觸 軸體突觸 軸樹突觸 化學性突觸 突觸前成分 突觸小泡 突觸間隙 突觸后成分 膠質細胞 星形膠

11、質細胞 少突膠質細胞 小膠質細胞 室管膜細胞 施萬細胞 神經膜細胞Nervous Tissue nervous cell neuroglial cell neuron 'nju ?r?n soma 's?um? neurite 'nju ?rait dendrite 'dendrait axon ' ? ks?n Nissl's body neurofibril ,nju ?r?u'faibril neurofilament ,nu?r?'fil?m?nt microtubule ,maikr ?u'tju:bju:l s

12、ynapse'sain?ps, axosomatic synapse axodendrite synapse chemical synapse presynaptic element ,pri:si'n ? ptik synaptic vesicle 'vesikl synaptic cleft postsynaptic element glial cell ' tai?l astrocyte '? str?sait oligodendrocyte '?li g ndendr ?sait microglia mai'kr ?glai? e

13、pendymal cell e'pend ?,me?ri Schwann's cell neurilemmal cell ,njur?l?'m? tiksatellite cell 's? t?lait衛星細胞nerve fiber神經纖維myelinated nerve fiber 'mai ?lineitid,有髓神經纖維unmyelinated nerve fiber無髓神經纖維central axon '? ks?n軸索myelin sheath髓鞘neurilemma神經膜Ranvier's node郎飛結internode &

14、#39;int ?n?ud結間體nerve神經epineurium ,epi'nju ?ri?m神經外膜perineurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神經束膜endoneurium ,per?'nju:ri ?m神經內膜sensory nerve ending感覺神經末梢free nerve ending游離神經末梢encapsulated nerve ending in'k? ps?leitid被囊神經末梢tactile't? ktail corpuscle 'k?:p?sl觸覺小體lameller corpuscle 'k?:

15、p?sl環層小體muscle spindle 'spindl肌梭motor nerve ending運動神經末梢somatic s?u'm ?tik motor nerve ending軀體運動神經末梢visceral 'vis?r?l motor nerve ending內臟運動神經末梢motor end plate運動終板Circulatory System循環系統Cardiovascular system ,k adi?u'v? skjul?心血管系統heart心walls of heart心壁endocardium ,end?u'kcrdi?m心

16、內膜endothelium ,end ?u'G:li?m內皮subendothelial layer 'lei?subendocardial layerPurkinje fibersmyocardium ,mai ?u'k adi?mepicardium ,epi'k adi ?martery ' at?rimedium-sized arterymuscular arterytunica intima 'tju:nik ? 'intim ?internal elastic membranetunica mediatunica advent

17、itia ,?dven'ti ?external elastic membranelarge arteryelastic arterysmall arteryarteriole a'ti?ri?ucapillary k?'pil?ri, 'k? pi-continuous capillaryfenestrated fi'nestreitid capillarydiscontinuous sinusoidal ,sin?s?idl capillary內皮下層心內膜下層浦肯野纖維心肌膜心外膜動脈中動脈肌性動脈內膜內彈性膜中膜外膜外彈性膜大動脈彈性動脈小動脈微

18、動脈毛細血管連續性毛細血管有孔毛細血管不連續毛細血管血竇blood sinusoidvein veinlymphatic ,lim'f ? tik systemlymphatic capillarylymphatic vessel 'ves?l lymphatic trunks lymphatic ducts靜脈淋巴系統毛細淋巴管淋巴管淋巴干淋巴導管免疫系統 淋巴器官 中樞淋巴器官 周圍淋巴器官 淋巴組織 彌散淋巴組織 淋巴小結 免疫細胞 胸腺被膜 小葉間隔 胸腺細胞 上皮網狀細胞 胸腺上皮細胞 胸腺小體 淋巴結 小梁皮質淋巴竇 被膜下淋巴竇 小梁周竇 淺層皮質 副皮質區 胸腺

19、依賴區 髓索 髓竇脾 白髓Immune i'mju:n System lymphoid 'limf ?id organ central lymphoid organ peripheral p?'rif?r?l lymphoid organ lymphatic tissue diffuse lymphoid tissue lymphoid nodule 'n?dju:l,-d ?u:l immune cell thymus ' Oaim ?s capsule 'k? psju:l interlobular septum thymocyte '

20、; Oaim?sait epithelial reticular cell thymic epithelial cell thymic corpuscle lymphoid node trabecula cortical sinus 'sain ?s subcapsular sinus peritrabecular sinus superficial ,sju:p ?'fi? cortex 'k?:teks paracortex zone p ? r?'k?:teks thymus dependent area medullary cord 'med ?

21、l?ri medullary sinus spleen white pulp p?lpperiarterial lymphatic sheath動脈周圍淋巴鞘central artery中央動脈splenic corpuscle 'k?:p?sl脾小結red pulp紅髓splenic cord脾索splenic sinus脾竇marginal zone 'm ctd?in?l邊緣區palatine 'p ? l?tain tonsil 't?nsil腭扁桃體mononuclear ,m ?n?u'nju:kli ? phagocytic ,f? g &

22、#39;sitik 單核吞噬細胞系統 systemDigestive System消化系統digestive di'd ?estiv tract消化管mucosa mju:'k?us?粘膜lamina propria固有層muscularis mucosa粘膜肌層submucosa粘膜下層muscularis肌層adventitia ,?dven'ti ?i?外膜tongue t?舌lingual 'li ?然?l papilla p?pil ?舌乳頭filiform papilla絲狀乳頭fungiform 'filif?:m papilla菌狀乳頭c

23、ircumvallate ,s?:k?m'v?leit papilla輪廓乳頭esophagus i:'s?f? g s食管stomach胃fundic 'f ?ndik gland胃底腺chief cell主細胞zymogen cell 'zaim?ud?n胃酶細胞parietal cell p?'raiit?l壁細胞oxyntic '?ksintik cell泌酸細胞mucous 'mju:k ?s neck cell頸粘液細胞small intestine in'testin小腸plicae 'plaik ? cir

24、cularis環行皺裳absorptive ?b's?:ptiv cell吸收細胞striated border紋狀緣goblet cell杯狀細胞endocrine cell 'end ?ukrain,內分泌細胞small intestinal gland小腸腺Paneth cell潘氏細胞undifferentiated cell未分化細胞intestinal vilus腸絨毛large intestine大腸digestive gland消化腺pancreas 'p? nkri?s胰exocrine portion 'eks?krain外分泌部pancre

25、as islet 'ailit胰島glucagon ' u:k?g n胰高血糖素insulin 'insjulin胰島素somatostatin,s ?um?t?'st? tin,生長抑素liver'liv?肝hepatic hi'p ?tiklobule/live門obule/'l ?bju:l/肝小葉hepatic plate/liver plate肝板limiting plate界板hepatocyte'hep ?t?sait,肝細胞Kupffer cell庫普弗細胞hepatic sinusoid 'sain ?s

26、?id肝血竇Disse space狄氏間隙perisinusoidal space竇周隙bile bailcanaliculus,k ? n?'likjul ?s膽小管portal canal area門管區interlobular vein小葉間靜脈interlobular artery小葉間動脈呼吸系統導氣部interlobular bile duct小葉間膽管Respiratory 'resp ?r?t?ri,Systemtracheatr?'ki:?, 'treiki ?lungl? conducting portion lobar bronchus&#

27、39;br ?k?s small bronchusbronchiole'br ?ki?ulterminal 't ?:min?lbronchiolerespiratory'resp ?r?t?ri, portionrespiratory bronchiolealveolar ? l'vi?l? ductalveolar sacpulmonary, 'p ?lm?n?ri acinus'?sin?salveolar epitheliumtype I alveolar celltype n alveolar cellsurfactants?:'

28、;f? kt?ntalveolar septum'sept ?malveolar porepulmonary macrophagedust cellblood-air barrierrespiratory membraneUrinary'ju ?rin ?ri Systemkidney 'kidnirenal'ri:n?l cortex'k ?:teks細支氣管終末細支氣管呼吸部呼吸性細支氣管肺泡管肺泡囊肺泡肺泡上皮I型肺泡細胞n型肺泡細胞表面活性物質肺泡隔肺泡孔肺巨噬細胞塵細胞血-氣屏障呼吸膜泌尿系統腎腎皮質腎髓質renal medulla me

29、9;d ?l?cortical labyrinth 'l ?b?rin q皮質迷路medullary ray髓放線uriniferous tubule泌尿小管nephron 'nefr ?n腎單位renal corpuscle腎小體vascular'v?skjul? pole血管極urinary pole尿極renal glomerulus (J?'merjul ?s腎小球mesangium me's?nd?i?m血管系膜mesangial cell系膜細胞mesangial matrix'meitriks系膜基質renal capsule &#

30、39;k? psju:l腎小囊parietal layer p?raiit?l壁層visceral layer 'vis?r?l臟層capsular space腎/、囊月空podocyte p ?d?'sait足細胞slit membrane裂孔膜filtrationfil'trei ? membrane濾過膜filtration barrier濾過屏障renal tubule腎小管proximal'pr ?ksim?l tubule近端小管thin segment 'se ？nt細段distal tubule dis't ?l遠端小管pars

31、convolute 'k ?nv?,lu:t曲部pars recta 'rekt ?直部proximal convoluted tubule近曲小管brush border刷狀緣lateral process側突basal striation基底縱紋distal convoluted tubule遠曲小管collection tubule集合管juxtaglomerular ,d ?kst?(j?'merjul ? complex球旁復合體juxtaglomerular apparatus ,? p?reit?s腎小球旁器juxtaglomerular cell球旁細胞

32、renin 'ri:nin, 're-腎素macula 'm ? kjul? densa致密斑extraglomerular mesangial cell球外系膜細胞Skin皮膚epidermis,epi'd ?:mis表皮dermis'd ?:mis真皮stratum'streit ?m, basale基底層stratum spinosum棘層stratum granulosum顆粒層stratum lucidum透明層stratum corneum'k ?:ni?m角質層melanocyte'mel ?n?usait黑素細胞L

33、angerhans cell朗格漢斯細胞papillaryp ?'pil ?ri layer乳頭層reticular layer網織層hypodermis,haip ?u'd?:mis皮下組織Eye眼eyeball眼球fibrous tunic 'tju:nik纖維膜vascular tunic 'v ?skjul?血管膜retina 'retin ?視網膜cornea 'k?:ni?角膜corneal epithelium角膜上皮anterior limiting lamina前界層corneal stroma 'str?um?角膜基質

34、posterior limiting lamina后界層corneal endothelium角膜內皮layers of retina視網膜的分層pigment 'pi ?nt epithelium layer色素上皮層layer of rods and cones視桿視錐層layer of bipolar bai'p ?ul? cell雙極細胞層layer of ganglion cell ' g ? g?n節細胞層pigment epithelial cell色素上皮細胞visual cell 'vizju?l視細胞photoreceptor cell ,f

35、?ut?uri'sept?感光細胞rod cell視桿細胞cone cell k?un視錐細胞bipolar cell bai'p ?ul?雙極細胞ganglion cell節細胞Endocrine System 'end ?ukrain, -krin內分泌系統endocrine gland內分泌腺nitrogen- 'naitr ?d?n containine hormone 'h?:m?un含氮激素細胞cellsteroid secretory si'kri:t ?ri cell類固醇分泌細胞thyroid gland ' 9air?

36、id甲狀腺thyroid hormone甲狀腺激素follicular f ?likjul ? epithelial cell濾泡上皮細胞thyroglobulin, 9air?u' d?bjuli ?iodination碘化的甲狀腺球蛋白,ai?udi'nei ?ncolloid 'k?l?id膠體thyroxine Oai'r?ksi:n, -sin甲狀腺素triiodothyronine(T3)三碘甲狀腺原氨酸tetraiodothyronine(T4)四碘甲狀腺原氨酸parafollicular cell濾泡旁細胞calcitonin ,k? lsi&#

37、39;t?unin降鈣素parathyroid ,p?r? Tir?id甲狀旁腺chief cell主細胞parathyroid hormone甲狀旁腺激素oxyphil cell嗜酸性細胞adrenal ?dri:n ?l gland腎上腺zona glomerulosa球狀帶鹽皮質激素醛固酮束狀帶糖皮質激素皮質酮網狀帶嗜銘細胞腎上腺素去甲腎上腺素垂體嗜堿性細胞促甲狀腺激素細胞促甲狀腺激素促腎上腺皮質激素細胞促腎上腺皮質激素促性腺激素細胞腺垂體遠側部嗜酸性細胞生長激素細胞生長激素促乳激素細胞促乳激素卵泡刺激素黃體生成素間質細胞刺激素嫌色細胞中間部促黑素激素細胞黑素細胞刺激素結節部神經垂體神經

38、部垂體細胞赫林體下丘腦視上核室旁核加壓素抗利尿激素mineralocorticoid ,min 才？l?u'k?:tik?id aldosterone , ? Id ?u'ster ?un zona fasiculata Glucocorticoid ,u:k?u'k?:tik?id corticosterone,k ?:ti'k?st?r?un zona reticularis chromaffin kr ?u'm ?fincell adrenaline ?'dren ?lin epinephrine,epi'nefrin norepi

39、nephrine/noradrenaline pituitary gland pi'tju:it ?ri basophilic cell,beis ?filik thyrotroph thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)/thyrotropin adrenocorticotroph(ACTH cell)/corticotroph adrenocorticotropin ?'dri:n ?u,k?:tik?u'tr?pin gonadotroph adenohypophysis, ?d ?n?uhai'p ?fisis pars dis

40、talis acidophilic cell ,? sid?u'filik somatotroph 's ?um ?t?tr?uf somatotropin/growth hormone(GH) mammotroph/prolactin cell mammotropin,m ? m?u'tr ?upinfollicle'f ?likl stimulating'stimjuleiti ? hormone(FSH) luteinizing'lu:tiinaiz hormone(LH) 'h ?:m?un interstitial cell s

41、timulating hormone(ICSH) chromophobe cell pars intermedia melanotroph melanocyte stimulating hormone(MSH) pars tuberalis neurohypophysis,nju ?r?uhai'p ?fisis pars nervosa pituicytepi'tju:isait Herring 's body hypothalamus,haip ?u' 0 ?l?m?s supraoptic nucleus,sju:pr ?ptik paraaventric

42、ular nucleus vasopressin(VP) ,veiz?u'presin antidiuretic hormone(ADH) '?nti,daiju ?'retikoxytocin(OT) ,?ksi't?usin,-'t ?- infundibulum ,inf?n'dibjul ?mMale Reproductive System ,ri：pr?'d?ktivtestis 'testisseminiferous tubule ,semi'nif 才？sinterstitial tissuespermato

43、genic epithelium ,sp ?:m?t?u'd ?enik,spermatogenic cellspermatogonium ,sp?:m?t?u'g uni?m, primar spermatocyte 'sp?:m?t?usait, secondary spermatocytespermatid 'sp?m?tidspermatozoon ,sp?:m?t?u'z?u?nsustentacular cell ,s?sten't? kjul?, interstitial cellandrogenFemale Reproductiv

44、e Systemovary '?uv?risuperficial epitheliumovarian cortex 'k ?:teksovarian medulla me'd ?l?催產素漏斗男性生殖系統睪丸生精小管問質生精上皮生精細胞精原細胞初級精母細胞次級精母細胞精子細胞精子支持細胞間質細胞雄激素女性生殖系統卵巢表面上皮卵巢皮質卵巢髓質門細胞hilus cell 'hail ?sfollicle 'f?liklprimordial follicle prai'm ?：dj?iprimary cocyteoogonium , ?u?' g Uni?mfollicular cell f?likjul?primary folliclezona pellucidacorona k?r?un? radiata 'reidi,eit ?secondary folliclefollicular cavityfol