1、Accordingtothelatestresearchinthe'UnitedStatesofAmerica,menandwomentalksuchdifferentlanguagesthatitislikepeoplefromtwodifferentculturestryingtocommunicate.ProfessorDeborahTannenofGeorgetownUniversity,hasnoticedthedifferenceinthestyleofboy'sandgirl'sconversationsfromanearlyage.Shesaysthat

2、littlegirls'conversationislessdefinitethanboys'andexpressesmoredoubts.Littleboysuseconversationtoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners.Thesedifferencescontinueintoadultlife,shesays.Inpublicconversations,mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore.Inprivateconversations,menandwomenspeakinequalamount

3、salthoughtheysaythingsinadifferentstyle.ProfessorTannenbelievesthat,forwoman,privatetalkingisawaytoestablishandtestintimacy.Formen,privatetalkingisawaytoexplorethepowerstructureofarelationship.Teachingisonejobwherethedifferencesbetweenmen'sandwomen'swaysoftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,sa

4、ysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingab

5、letohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship.Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispreprogrammedforlanguage.Asweareusuall

6、ytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias（傾向性）initsprogramming,otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.1. Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecauseA. itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationshipB. itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlistenersC.

7、itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearlyD. itwillhelptocommunicatebetter2. Thereareinlittlegirls'conversationthaninboys'.A. fewerdoubtsB.moredemandsC.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties3. Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword"preprogrammed"means.A. programmedalreadyB.p

8、rogrammedbeforeoneisbornC.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen4. Inprivateconversation,womenspeakA. thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmenC.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen5. Thethemeofthisarticleis.A. womenarenaturallymorehelpfulB. menandwomentalkdifferentlanguagesC. mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmoreD. littl

9、egirls'conversationislessdefiniteInthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionofgoods.Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry;formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.Systembuildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthebuildingismadefromasetofstandarduni

10、ts.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteoratafactory.Somedesigners,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremadeinmultiplesofasinglefixedlength,usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular（標準件的）system,anditmeansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedfittingsatalowercost.Themostimportantfactabo

11、utsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,canbecompletedinfourmonths.Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthiscase,theconstructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloorsofthebuilding,calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduits

12、forelectricalwiresandsleevesforpipesarecastinthepanelswhentheyarebeingmade.Themouldsformakingthesecastingsaresituatedallaroundthebuilding.Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Nexttheyareliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsarecementedtogetheratth

13、eirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.Itcontainsallthefittingstobeinstalled,suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishingtradesmen,suchasplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians,followbehindtocompletethework.Insomebuildingdevelopme

14、nts,insomecountries,wholeflatswithinternalfeaturesliketheirbathrooms,bedroomsandconnectingstairs,andweighingasmuchastwentytons,arecarriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtoliftthemintoposition.Inthefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.1. Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodan

15、dthemethoddiscussedinthelastparagraphis.A. thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeaturesB. panelsarecastinalevelpositionC. theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsorbedroomsD.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter2. WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?A. Itemploysmore

16、men.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.C.Itcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.3. Accordingtothepassage,theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat.A. constructionmethodsaresaferB. buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunitsC. similarbuildingscanbeproducedD. allunitsareproducedonthesite4. Theusualfix

17、edlengthinthemodularsystemis.A. twentycentimetersB.tenmillimetersC.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters5. Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?A. Cranes.B.Man-power.C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.1. A2.C3.B4.D5.B1.A2.C3.B4.D5.AThe"standardofliving"ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'sshareo

18、fthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry'sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."Wealth"inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:"goods"suchasfoodandclothing,and"services"suchastranspo

19、rtandentertainment.Acountry'scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertile

20、soilandafavorableclimate;otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.Nexttona

21、turalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswas.unabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnatural

22、resourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry'speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewea

23、lththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.1. Acountry'swealthdependsupon.,A. itsstandardoflivingB. its

24、moneyC. itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservicesD.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment2. Theword"foremost"means.A.mostimportantlyB.firstlyC.largelyD.forthemostpart3. Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat.A.acountry'swealthdependsonmanyfactorsB. theU.S.A.isoneofthewealthiestcountries

25、intheworldC. theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregionD. naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry4. Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?A.2B.3C.4D.55. Thesecondsentenc

26、e.inParagraph3is.A.themainideaoftheparagraphB. anexamplesupportingthemainideaoftheparagraphC. theconclusionoftheparagraphD.notrelatedtotheparagraphTheproductivityofAmericansemployedinprivatebusinesseshasdeclined.TheproductivityofworkersincountriessuchasJapanandGermanyisincreasing.Americanmachinetool

27、s,onaverage,areold,relativelyinefficient,andrapidlybecomingobsolete,whereasthoseofourcompetitorsoverseas,incomparison,arenewerandmoreefficient.Wearenolongerthemostproductiveworkersintheworld.Wearenolongertheleadersinindustrialinnovation(革新).Weareanimmenselywealthynationofeducatedmenandwomenwhoseemto

28、havelostsightofthefactthateverythingfromthesimplestnecessitiestothefinestluxuriesmustbeproducedthroughourowncollectivehardwork.Wehavecometoexpectautomaticincreasesinourcollectivestandardofliving,butweseemtohaveforgottenthattheseincreasesarepossibleonlywhenourproductivitycontinuestogrow.Onethingthatm

29、ustchangeistherateatwhichwesubstitutecapitalequipmentforhumanlabor.Simplyput,ourlaborforcehasincreasedatafargreaterratethanhasourstockofcapitalinvestment.Weseemtohaveforgottenthatourpastproductivitygains,toalargeextent,wererealizedfromsubstitutionsofcapitalforhumanlabor.Today,3timesasmanyrobotsareli

30、stedascapitalassetsbyJapanesefirmsasbyUnitedStatesfirms.ThereisnodoubtthatrobotswillbecomeacommonsightinAmericanfactories.Representinganewgenerationoftechnology,robotswillreplacefactorylabormuchasthefarmtractorreplacedthehorse.Robottechnologyhasmuchtooffer.Itoffershigherlevelsofproductivityandqualityatlowercosts;inpromisestofreemenandwomenfromthedull,repetitioustoilofthefactory,itislikelytohaveanimpactonsocietycomparabletothatmadebythegrowthofcomputertechnology.1.Theword"obsolete"(Para.1)mostprobablymeans.A.weakB.oldC.newD.outof