1、常用經濟術語國民經濟、對外經濟貿易 NATIONAL ECONOMY, FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE經濟指標 economic indicators社會總產值 total product of society國民生產總值 GNP (Gross Domestic Product)國內生產總值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita工農業總產值 gross output value of industry and agriculture國民收入 national income購買力平價法 p

2、urchasing power parity財政收入 state revenue社會商品零售總額 total volume of retail sales社會零售物價總指數 general retail price index百分點 percentage points"八五"劃劃 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development計劃經濟 planned economy統購統銷 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市場經濟 market eco

3、nomy指令性計劃 mandatory plan指導性計劃 guidance plan市場調節 market regulation建立市場經濟、法制、民主監督和廉政"三個機制" establish operational mechanisms of market economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好農業、交通能源、教育科技"三個基礎" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and

4、 energy supply, education and science and technology實現產業結構、生態環境和人口素質"三個優化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment and the quality of population第一、二、三產業 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型經濟 export-oriented economy創匯型企業 foreign exchange-earning enterprise勞動密集型 labor

5、 intensive技術、智力、資本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources生產力 productive forces生產資料 capital goods科研成果產業化 industrialization of research findings火炬計劃 Torch Plan技術入股 technology appraised as capital stock風險

6、投資 venture investment/capital固定資產投資 investment in fixed assets折舊費 depreciation cost關系民生的產品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于求 oversupply供不應求 short supply經濟過熱 overheated economy抑制炒房地產熱 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏觀調控 macro-economic control經濟杠桿 economic

7、levers產業政策 industrial policy財政, 稅收, 信貸，利率, 匯率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高經濟效益 enhance economic performance/returns社會效益 social effect/returns實現持續、穩定、協調的發展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development財政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外貿出口總額 gross fore

8、ign export value外商直接投資協議金額 contracted foreign direct investment實際利用外資 foreign investment in actual use三資企業(中外合資合作、外商獨資經營) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允許外商獨資經營 allow full foreign equity operation優惠條件 confessional terms; favo

9、rable terms減免稅收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出資方式 means of contributing investment合營期限 contract term of a joint venture三來一補 (來料加工,來件裝配,來樣加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)貿易伙伴 trade partner轉口貿

10、易 transit trade外貿順差 foreign trade surplus積極引進外來資金、技術、人才和管理經驗 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交鑰匙工程 turn-key project招標承包制 bidding invitation contract system招標出售技術 bids for technology公開招標 call for bid; tenders招標單 invitation for bid (

11、IFB)標書 bidding document 竟標 competitive bidding投標 bid for a project投標報價書 bid proposals評標 bid proposal evaluation開標 bid opening 中標 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍賣 auction租賃 leasing保稅區 bonded area; free trade area實行全方位開放 practice multi-directional opening統一政策、放開經營、平等競爭、 unified policy, liberalized ope

12、ration, and equal competition自負盈虧、工貿結合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知識產權 intellectual property rights技術轉讓 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study投資環境 investment environment跨國公司 transnatio

13、nal coorporation基礎設施 infrastructure20年基本實現現代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years發揮技術窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商項目 project proposals for investment同國際慣例接軌 follow

14、the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一條龍服務 one package service一支筆審批 one-chop approval我們兩市的經濟互補性很強。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有無 equality and mutual benefit, and trad

15、ing of needed goods外引內聯 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持發展后勁 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development經濟實力 economic capabilities龍頭 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、電通、路通、施工場地平） "three connections and one le

16、veling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶頸 bottleneck以工養農 use industrial income to finance agriculture以路養路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放審批權 delegate the aut

17、hority to examine and approve to lower levels統而不死，活而不亂 ensure a flexible control良性循環 positive cycle國民經濟的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理順企業的產權關系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性虧損 policy-related loss三角債 chain debts上不封頂，下不保底 se

18、t no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企業“工效掛鉤” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意興隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish質量信得過單位 quality trustworthy organization批量生產 mass production以銷定產 limit production to market ability內聯企業 inland associated enterprises菜籃子工程 shipping bas

19、ket project國產化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project國內配套資金 domestic funds向基礎工業傾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升級換代 upgrading and updating看好經濟增長 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看漲/跌 antic

20、ipate lower market price/rising price隨行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求發展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在過渡時期 in a period of transition 粗放/集約經營 extensive/intensive operation基礎地位 leading position門類齊全 covering extensive fields存款/貸款余額 the balance of deposits/loans外匯儲備 foreign exchange

21、 reserves貿易順差 trade surplus完善的市場和發達的金融體制 well-established market and sophisticated financial system消滅失業 wipe out unemployment降低過熱的期貨市場，恢復金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order緊縮銀根 tighten the money supply一位數水平 one digit level保持雙邊貿易的平衡 balance the two-way trade這次會議為兩國進一步加強持續的經濟聯系奠定了堅實的基礎。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forge en