1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上05. 高分子化學05.1 高分子物質新序碼漢文名英文名注釋1高分子macromolecule, polymer又稱“大分子”。2超高分子supra polymer3天然高分子natural polymer4無機高分子inorganic polymer5有機高分子organic polymer6無機-有機高分子inorganic organic polymer 7金屬有機聚合物organometallic polymer8元素高分子element polymer9高聚物high polymer10聚合物polymer11低聚物oligomer曾用名“齊聚物”。12二聚

2、體dimer13三聚體trimer14調聚物telomer15預聚物prepolymer16均聚物homopolymer17無規聚合物random polymer18無規卷曲聚合物random coiling polymer19頭-頭聚合物head-to-head polymer20頭-尾聚合物head-to-tail polymer21尾-尾聚合物tail-to-tail polymer22反式有規聚合物transtactic polymer23順式有規聚合物cistactic polymer24規整聚合物regular polymer25非規整聚合物irregular polymer26無

3、規立構聚合物atactic polymer27全同立構聚合物isotactic polymer又稱“等規聚合物”。28間同立構聚合物syndiotactic polymer又稱“間規聚合物”。29雜同立構聚合物heterotactic polymer又稱“異規聚合物”。30有規立構聚合物stereoregular polymer, tactic polymer 又稱“有規聚合物”。31蘇型雙全同立構聚合物threo-diisotactic polymer32蘇型雙間同立構聚合物threo-disyndiotactic polymer33赤型雙全同立構聚合物erythro-diisotactic

4、 polymer34赤型雙間同立構聚合物erythro-disyndiotactic polymer35全同間同等量聚合物equitactic polymer36共聚物copolymer37二元共聚物binary copolymer 38三元共聚物terpolymer39多元聚合物multipolymer 40序列共聚物sequential copolymer41多層共聚物multilayer copolymer42多相聚合物multiphase polymer43統計結構共聚物statistical copolymer44無規共聚物random copolymer45交替共聚物alterna

5、ting copolymer46周期共聚物periodic copolymer47梯度共聚物gradient copolymer48嵌段共聚物block copolymer又稱“嵌段聚合物(block polymer)” 。49遞變嵌段共聚物tapered block copolymer50兩親嵌段共聚物amphiphilic block copolymer 51二嵌段共聚物diblock copolymer52三嵌段共聚物triblock copolymer53多嵌段共聚物segmented copolymer54雜聚物heteropolymer 55恒組分共聚物azeotropic cop

6、olymer56多組分共聚物multicomponent copolymer 57單分散聚合物monodisperse polymer, uniform polymer58多分散性聚合物polydisperse polymer, non-uniform polymer59高分子共混物polyblend, polymer blend60聚合物-聚合物配合物polymer-polymer complex61聚合物-金屬配合物polymer-metal complex62單股聚合物single-strand polymer63雙股聚合物double-strand polymer 64多股聚合物mul

7、ti-strand polymer65鏈型聚合物chain polymer66碳鏈聚合物carbon chain polymer 67雜鏈聚合物heterochain polymer68雜環高分子heterocyclic polymer69大環聚合物macrocyclic polymer70直鏈高分子straight chain polymer 71線型聚合物linear polymer 72體型聚合物three-dimensional polymer又稱“網絡聚合物(network polymer)” 、交聯聚合物(crosslinked polymer)”。73活性高分子living po

8、lymer74反應性聚合物reactive polymer75極性聚合物polar polymer76非極性聚合物non-polar polymer77剛性鏈聚合物rigid chain polymer78半柔性鏈聚合物semi- flexible chain polymer79柔性鏈聚合物flexible chain polymer80剛棒高分子rigid rod polymer 81棒狀高分子rodlike polymer 82剛-柔嵌段共聚物rod coil block copolymer 83樹狀高分子dendrimer, dendritic polymer, tree polymer

9、84刷狀聚合物brush polymer 85線團狀聚合物coilingtype polymer 86花菜狀聚合物cauliflower polymer 87螺旋形聚合物helical polymer 88錐形共聚物tapered copolymer89梯形聚合物ladder polymer90分段梯形聚合物step ladder polymer 91部分梯形聚合物partial ladder polymer 92碳環梯形聚合物carbocyclic ladder polymer 93梳形聚合物comb polymer94星形聚合物star polymer95遙爪聚合物telechelic p

10、olymer96支化聚合物branched polymer97超支化聚合物hyperbranched polymer 98接枝聚合物graft polymer又稱“接枝共聚物(graft copolymer)”。99核-殼共聚物core shell copolymer 100核-殼膠乳聚合物core shell latex polymer 101手性高分子chiral polymer102互穿聚合物網絡interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN103半互穿聚合物網絡semi-interpenetrating polymer network(SIPN) 104異

11、質同晶聚合物polyallomer105多晶形聚合物polycrystalline polymer106締合聚合物association polymer107共軛聚合物conjugated polymer108螯合聚合物chelate polymerChelating agent螯合劑109遠螯聚合物telechelic polymer110螯合型離子交換劑chelating ion-exchanger111螯合型樹脂chelating resin112紫膠shellac又稱“蟲膠”。113蠶絲natural silk114骨膠原collagen115凝膠gel Shower gel沐浴露11

12、6明膠gelatin117黃原膠xanthate gumXanthan gum漢生膠118瓊脂agar-agar 119樹膠gum 120白蛋白albumin 121脫氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid（DNA） 122淀粉amylum，starch123直鏈淀粉amylose 124支鏈淀粉amylopectin125甲殼質chitin126葡聚糖dextran又稱“右旋糖酐”。127糊精dextrin128木素lignin129纖維素cellulose130纖維素 cellulose131纖維素 cellulose132纖維素 cellulose133硝酸纖維素cellu

13、lose nitrate又稱“硝化纖維素”。134胺纖維素amine cellulose135乙酸纖維素cellulose acetate俗稱“醋酸纖維素”。136甲基纖維素methyl cellulose137羥乙基纖維素hydroxyethyl cellulose138羧甲基纖維素carboxymethyl cellulose139天然橡膠natural rubber140三葉橡膠Hevea 141杜仲膠Eucommea rubber142古塔波膠Gutta percha 143合成聚合物synthetic polymer144加成聚合物addition polymer145通用高分子co

14、mmodity polymer146功能高分子functional polymer147仿生高分子biomimetic polymer 148形狀記憶高分子shape-memory polymer 149類酶高分子enzyme like polymer 150生物高分子biopolymer151生物彈性體bioelastomer152生物活性高分子 bioactive polymer153生物可蝕性高分子bioerodable polymer 154生物降解高分子biodegradable polymer155醫用高分子medical polymer156生物醫用高分子biomedical p

15、olymer 157高分子藥物polymer drug158降解性高分子degradable polymer159高性能高分子high performance polymer160高模量聚合物high modulus polymer161特殊性能高分子speciality polymer又稱“特種高分子”。162智能聚合物intelligent polymer 163親水聚合物hydrophilic polymer 164疏水聚合物hydrophobic polymer 165兩親聚合物amphiphilic polymer 166吸水性聚合物water absorbent polymer16

16、7水溶性高分子water soluble polymer168大孔聚合物macroporous polymer169精細高分子fine polymer170聚合物-polymer俗稱“米花狀聚合物 (popcorn polymer )”。171熱解聚合物pyrolytic polymer172高熔聚合物dystectic polymer173光響應高分子photoresponsive polymer174光活性聚合物optical active polymer175光敏聚合物photosensitive polymer176光彈性聚合物photoelastic polymer177感光聚合物p

17、hotopolymer 178光致發光聚合物photoluminescence polymer179電致發光聚合物electroluminescent polymer180熱敏發光聚合物thermosensitive luminescence polymer181光交聯聚合物photocrosslinkable polymer 182光固化聚合物photocureable polymer 183輻射固化聚合物radiation curable polymer 184光降解聚合物photodegradable polymer185輻射降解聚合物radiation-degradable polym

18、er186光電導聚合物photoconductive polymer187導電聚合物conducting polymer188超導聚合物superconductive polymer189高分子半導體semiconducting polymer190電活性聚合物electroactive polymer 191壓電高分子piezoelectric polymer 192熱電性高分子pyroelectric polymer 193電致變色聚合物electrochromic polymer194磁性聚合物magnetic polymer195超離子導電聚合物super ion-conductive

19、 polymer196鐵磁聚合物ferromagnetic polymer197鐵電聚合物ferroelectric polymer198燒蝕聚合物ablative polymer199高分子離子 macroion200聚合物駐極體polymer electret201高分子添加劑polymeric additive202液晶高分子liquid crystal polymer203溶致液晶高分子lyotropic liquid crystalline polymer 204熱致液晶高分子thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer205側鏈型液晶聚合物side

20、 chain liquid crystalline polymer 206主鏈型液晶聚合物main chain liquid crystalline polymer 207高分子催化劑polymer catalyst208高分子載體polymeric carrier, polymer support209高分子試劑polymer reactant, polymer reagent210離子交聯聚合物ionomer211離子交換聚合物ion exchange polymer212離子交換樹脂ion exchange resin213正離子交換樹脂cation exchange resin214負

21、離子交換樹脂anion exchange resin215大網絡樹脂macroreticular resin216離子聚合物ionic polymer217聚電解質polyelectrolyte又稱“高分子電解質 (polymer elec-trolyte)”。218兩性聚電解質polyampholyte, polyamphoteric electrolyte219聚合物溶劑polymer solvent220樹脂resin221熱敏性樹脂thermally sensitive resin222天然樹脂natural resin223熱塑性樹脂thermoplastic resin224熱固性

22、樹脂thermosetting resin225塑性體plastomer226烴類樹脂hydrocarbon resin227石油樹脂petroleum resin228茚樹脂indene resin 229苯并呋喃-茚樹脂coumarone-indene resin230萜烯樹脂terpene resin231丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯樹脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin簡稱“ABS樹脂”。232丙烯腈-苯乙烯樹脂acrylonitrile styrene resin (AS) 233丙烯酸酯類樹脂acrylic resin234氟碳樹脂fluoroca

23、rbon resin235縮醛樹脂acetal resin236縮甲醛樹脂methylal resin237縮丁醛樹脂butyral resin 238酚醛樹脂phenol-formaldehyde resin, phenolic resin239甲階酚醛樹脂resol又叫“可溶酚醛樹脂”。240乙階酚醛樹脂resitol又叫“半熔酚醛樹脂”。241丙階酚醛樹脂resite 又叫“不溶不熔酚醛樹脂”。242糠醛樹脂furfural resin243糠醛苯酚樹脂furfural phenol resin 244苯酚醚樹脂phenol ether resin245呋喃樹脂furan resin24

24、6氨基樹脂amino resin247脲醛樹脂urea-formaldehyde resin248聚脲樹脂carbamide resin 又叫“碳酰胺樹脂”。249尿素樹脂urea resin250三聚氰胺樹脂Aminotriazine resin 251三聚氰胺-甲醛樹脂melamine-formaldehyde resin, melamine resin252聚酯類樹脂polyester resin253醇酸樹脂alkyd resin254烯丙基樹脂allyl resin255有機硅樹脂silicone resin256氟樹脂fluoroethylene resin257環氧樹脂epoxy

25、 resin258脂肪族環氧樹脂aliphatic epoxy resin 259雙酚A環氧樹脂bisphenol A epoxy resin 260氧化還原樹脂redox resin261烯類聚合物vinyl polymer262雙烯聚合物diene polymer 263烯烴共聚物olefine copolymer (OCP) 264乙烯基聚合物vinyl polymer265聚烯烴polyolefin266聚乙烯polyethylene267超高分子量聚乙烯ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene, UHMWPE268高密度聚乙烯high densi

26、ty polyethylene, HDPE269低密度聚乙烯low density polyethylene, LDPE270線型低密度聚乙烯 linear low density polyethylene, LLDPE271超低密度聚乙烯ultra low density polyethylene, ULDPE272長支鏈聚乙烯long chain branched polyethylene 273聚丙烯polypropylene274全同立構聚丙烯isotactic polypropylene(iPP ) 又稱“等規聚丙烯”。275聚1-丁烯poly(1-butene)276聚異丁烯pol

27、yisobutylene277聚4-甲基-1-戊烯poly(4-methyl-1-pentene)278聚(1-辛烯)poly(1-octene)279聚苯乙烯polystyrene280高抗沖聚苯乙烯high impact polystyrene, HIPS281聚乙炔polyacetylene282丙烯酸酯類聚合物acrylic polymer283聚丙烯酸poly(acrylic acid)284聚丙烯酸鹽polyacrylate285聚丙烯酸酯polyacrylate286聚甲基丙烯酸酯polymethacrylate287聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯poly(methyl methacrylat

28、e)288乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) 289聚乳酸poly(lactic acid)，polylactide290聚（-氨基丙酸）poly(alanine) 又稱“尼龍3”、“聚酰胺3”。291聚（-氨基己酸）poly( amino caproic acid)又稱“尼龍6”、“聚酰胺6”。292聚（8-氨基辛酸）poly(8 amino caprylic acid)又稱“尼龍8”、“聚酰胺8”。293聚胱氨酸polycysteine 294聚谷氨酸poly(glutamic acid) 又叫“聚2-氨基戊二酸”。295聚甘

29、氨酸polyglycine 296聚丙烯腈polyacrylonitrile297聚乙酸乙烯酯poly(vinyl acetate)俗稱“聚醋酸乙烯酯”。298聚乙二醇poly(oxyethylene glycol) 299聚乙烯醇poly(vinyl alcohol)300聚乙烯醇縮甲醛poly(vinyl formal)301聚乙烯醇縮丁醛poly(vinyl butyral)302聚氯乙烯poly(vinyl chloride)303聚1,2-二氯亞乙烯poly(vinylene chloride)304聚偏二氯乙烯poly(vinylidene chloride)又稱“聚偏二氯乙烯”。

30、305聚氟乙烯poly(vinyl fluoride)306聚偏二氟乙烯poly(vinylidene fluoride)又稱“聚偏二氟乙烯”。307聚三氟氯乙烯poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), PCTFE308聚四氟乙烯poly(tetrafluoroethylene)309聚全氟丙烯poly(perfluoropropene)310聚丁二烯polybutadiene3111,4-聚丁二烯1,4-polybutadiene3121,2-聚丁二烯1,2-polybutadiene313順式-1,4-聚丁二烯cis-1,4-polybutadiene314反式-1,4

31、-聚丁二烯trans-1,4-polybutadiene315聚環戊二烯polycyclopentadiene 316聚異戊二烯polyisoprene3171,2-聚異戊二烯1,2-polyisoprene3183,4-聚異戊二烯3,4-polyisoprene319順式-1,4-聚異戊二烯cis-1,4-polyisoprene320反式-1,4-聚異戊二烯trans-1,4-polyisoprene321聚氯丁二烯polychloroprene322開環聚環烯烴polyalkenamer對于環烯烴的聚合產物，由于聚合機理的不同，一種是開環聚合，一種是保留環打開雙鍵的聚合。323聚降冰片烯

32、polynorbornene324醛類聚合物aldehyde polymer 325丙烯醛類聚合物acrolein polymer326乙炔類聚合物acetylenic polymer327丙二烯聚合物allene polymer 328二乙炔聚合物diacetylene polymer329二烯丙基聚合物diallyl polymer330偶氮類聚合物azo polymer331氧雜環丁烷聚合物oxetane polymer332配位聚合物coordination polymer333阻透聚合物barrier polymer334氧化性聚合物oxidative polymer335縮聚物po

33、lycondensate336共縮聚物intercondensation polymer 337聚羧酸酯polycarboxylate338聚酯 polyester339脂肪族聚酯aliphatic polyester 340芳香族聚酯aromatic polyester 341共聚酯copolyester342飽和聚酯saturated polyester343不飽和聚酯unsaturated polyester344聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯poly(ethylene terephthalate)345聚對苯二甲酸丁二酯poly(tetramethylene terephthalate), pol

34、y(butylene terephthalate)346聚對苯二甲酸對苯二酯poly(p-phenylene terephthalate)347聚碳酸酯polycarbonate348雙酚A聚碳酸酯bisphenol A polycarbonate 349聚酰胺polyamide350聚醚酰胺poly(ether amide) 351聚己內酰胺polycaprolactam352聚己二酰己二胺poly(hexamethylene adipamide)353聚芳酰胺polyaramide, aromatic polyamide354多肽polypeptide355聚醚polyether356芳香

35、族聚醚poly (aryl ether)357共聚醚copolyether 358嵌段聚醚酯block poly(ester ether) 359聚甲醛polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde360低聚甲醛paraformaldehyde又稱“多聚甲醛”。361共聚甲醛copolyoxymethylene 362聚環氧乙烷poly(ethylene oxide)又稱“聚氧化乙烯(polyoxyethylene)”。363聚環氧丙烷poly(propylene oxide)又稱“聚氧化丙烯(polyoxytrimethyl-ene)”。364聚環氧氯丙烷polyepi

36、chlorohydrin365聚四氫呋喃polytetrahydrofuran, polyoxytetramethylene366聚苯醚polyphenylene oxide又稱“聚亞苯醚”。367聚硫醚polythioether368聚硫化物polysulfide369聚對亞苯硫醚poly(p-phenylene sulfide)俗稱“聚苯硫醚”。370聚對亞苯poly(p-phenylene)371聚砜 polysulfone372聚芳砜poly(aryl sulfone) (PAS)373聚芳砜酰胺aromatic polysulfonamide 374聚醚砜poly(ether sul

37、fone)375聚二苯醚砜poly(diphenyl ether sulfone)376聚酰亞胺polyimide377聚均苯四酰亞胺-1,4-亞苯poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenylene)378聚苯并咪唑polybenzimidazole379聚苯并噻唑polybenzothiazole 380聚喹喔啉polyquinoxaline381聚醚酮poly(ether-ketone), PEK382聚醚醚酮poly(ether-ether-ketone), PEEK383聚醚酮酮poly(ether-ketone-ketone), PEKK384聚氨基甲酸酯polyu

38、rethane簡稱“聚氨酯”。385聚脲polyurea386聚醚氨酯poly(ether-urethane)387聚苯胺polyaniline388苯醌聚合物quinone polymer 389硅酸鹽聚合物silicate polymer, polysilicate390塑料plastic 391塑料合金plastic alloy 392工程塑料engineering plastic393增強塑料reinforced plastic394纖維增強塑料fiber reinforced plastic 395自增強聚合物self-reinforcing polymer396復合材料compos

39、ite397納米復合材料nanocomposite 398分子復合材料molecular composite399原位復合材料in situ composite 400有機-無機雜化材料organic inorganic hybrid material 401混雜復合材料hybrid composite 402橡膠rubber403高彈體elastomer又稱“彈性體”。404合成橡膠synthetic rubber405飽和橡膠saturated rubber406不飽和橡膠unsaturated rubber407氫化橡膠hydrogenated rubber408集成橡膠integrat

40、ed rubber 409異戊橡膠isoprene rubber410苯乙烯-異戊二烯-丁二烯橡膠styrene isoprene butadiene rubber (SIBR)411三元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene terpolymer, EPT, ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM又稱“乙丙三元橡膠”。412二元乙丙橡膠ethylene propylene rubber, EPR, ethylene propylenecopolymer, ethylene propylene monomer, EPM又稱“乙丙二元橡膠”。413丁腈

41、橡膠butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, nitrile rubber414氫化丁腈橡膠hydrogenated butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber415羧基丁腈橡膠carboxy terminated nitrile rubber416順丁橡膠cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber417丁基橡膠butyl rubber418鹵化丁基橡膠halogenated butyl rubber419丁苯橡膠styrene butadiene rubber, SBR420溶聚丁苯橡膠solution polymerized butad

42、iene styrene rubber(SSBR)421乳聚丁苯橡膠emulsion polymerized butadiene styrene rubber(ESBR)422氯丁橡膠chloroprene rubber423氯化聚乙烯chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)424氯磺化聚乙烯chlorosulfonated polyethylene425聚硫橡膠polysulfide rubber426丁吡橡膠pyridine butadiene rubber427氟橡膠fluororubber, fluoroelastomer428氟硅橡膠fluorosilicone

43、rubber429氟醚橡膠fluoroether rubber430三嗪氟橡膠fluorinated triazine rubber 431亞硝基氟橡膠nitrosofluoro rubber 432硅橡膠silicon rubber433二甲基硅橡膠dimethyl silicone rubber 434甲基乙烯基硅橡膠methylvinyl silicone rubber435室溫硫化硅橡膠room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber436丙烯酸酯橡膠acrylate rubber437聚氨酯橡膠polyurethane rubber438氯醚橡膠

44、epichloro-hydrin rubber439硫化橡膠vulcanized rubber, vulcanizate440粉末橡膠powdered rubber441液體橡膠liquid rubber442熱塑性彈性體thermoplastic elastomer443苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer (SBS)444苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物styrene isoprene styrene block copolymer (SIS)445撓性聚合物flexomer446橡膠改性塑料rubber mod

45、ified plastics, rubberresin blends447纖維fiber448天然纖維natural fiber449初生纖維as-formed fiber450原纖fibril451半合成纖維semi-synthetic fiber452合成纖維synthetic fiber453化學纖維chemical fiber454單組分纖維homofiber 455異質復合纖維heterofiber 456粘膠纖維viscose fiber457聚酰胺纖維polyamide fiber又稱“錦綸”、“尼龍”。458聚芳酰胺纖維 aramid fiber 又稱“芳綸”“芳香尼龍”。45

46、9聚酯纖維polyester fiber又稱“滌綸”。460聚丙烯腈纖維acrylic fiber又稱“腈綸”。461聚丙烯纖維polypropylene fiber又稱“丙綸”。462聚乙烯醇纖維polyvinyl alcohol fiber463聚乙烯醇縮甲醛纖維formalized PVA fiber 又稱“維尼綸”。464聚氯乙烯纖維polyvinyl chloride fiber又稱“氯綸”。465聚氨酯彈性纖維polyurethane elastic fiber又稱“氨綸”。466碳纖維carbon fiber467活性碳纖維active carbon fiber 468碳化硼纖維boron carbide fiber 469碳納米管carbon nano-tube470全纖維素hollocellulose471組合纖維conjugate fiber472改性纖維differential fiber俗稱“差別纖維”。473納米纖維nano-fiber474功能纖維fu