1、考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經Unit 45一、      真題文章（1997年Text 5）Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between in

2、terest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel. Given al

3、l these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates

4、 which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s. It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and e

5、xpected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and

6、 America. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historicall

7、y high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective

8、. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.二、      譯文很多用來描述貨幣政策的詞，例如“引導經濟軟著陸”和“觸動經濟剎車”，聽起來象是一門精確的科學。事實遠非如此。利率和通貨膨脹之間的關系難以確定。在政策的變化對經濟起實際作用之前

9、，會有很長而難以確定的時間差。所以，很多人把貨幣政策實施過程比作駕駛一輛遮住擋風玻璃、后視鏡已斷裂、方向盤有毛病的汽車。盡管有這些不足之處，主要銀行家對近來的局勢似乎相當樂觀。西方七大工業國去年的用貨膨脹率下降至2.3%，接近30年來的最低水平，到今年七月，這個數字略微上升到2.5% 。這遠遠低于七、八十年代很多國家曾經經歷過的兩位數的通貨膨脹率。這也比大多數預言家的預測要低。1994年底，每月接受經濟學家意見調查的一組經濟學家指出，美國在1995年的平均通貨膨脹率將達到3.5% 。實際上，8月份就降到了2.6%，而且有望達到全年平均僅為3% 。而英國和日本的通貨膨脹率比去年年底預測的要低半個

10、百分點。這不是曇花一現，在過去幾年里，英國和美國的通貨膨脹率始終低于預期數值。經濟學家對英國和美國的這種樂觀的通貨膨脹數據感到尤為吃驚，因為傳統的計算方法顯示，這兩個國家，尤其是美國，已經沒有太大的生產彈性。例如，美國的生產力利用率年初達到了歷史最高水平，而它的失業率（8月為5.6%）已經低于了多數正常失業率所允許的數字在過去，當這種情況出現時，通貨膨脹就要發生了。為什麼通貨膨脹的情況如此輕微？可惜的是最令人激動的解釋也不是無懈可擊的。一些經濟學家認為，世界強有力的經濟結構改變已經推翻了舊有的經濟模式，即以經濟增長和通貨膨脹之間的歷史聯系為基礎的模式。三、   &

11、#160;  考研核心詞匯monetary / 5mQnitEri / adj. 貨幣的, 金錢的例 The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold.某些國家的貨幣制度過去一直是金本位的。policy / 5pClisi / n. 政策, 方針例 It is the policy of the government to improve education. 改進教育是政府的政策。同義 course，line，plan，procedure，programsteer / stiE / v. 駕駛, 掌舵

12、例 He steered the ship carefully between the rocks. 他小心地在礁石間駕駛船。同義 drive，guide，handle，head，lead，manage派生 steerage / 5stiEridV / n. 最低票價的艙位, 士官的二等室, 操縱,駕駛, 掌舵固定搭配 steer clear (of) 避免；避開brake / breik / n. 閘, 剎車 v. 剎車例 The car braked to a stop. 車剎住不走了。同義 curb，decelerate，slow，down，stopprecise / pri5sais

13、/ adj. 精確的, 準確的 n. 精確例 The victim was able to give a precise description of the suspect.受害者能夠清晰地描繪嫌疑犯同義 absolute，accurate，careful，clear-cut，definite，detailed，exact，explicit 反義 incorrect / 7inkE5rekt / adj. 錯誤的, 不正確的vague / vei / adj. 含糊的, 不清楚的, 茫然的, 曖昧的派生 precisely / prI5saIslI / adv. 正好inflation /

14、in5fleiFEn / n. 1脹大, 夸張2通貨膨脹, (物價)暴漲例 Inflation erodes the purchasing power of the families with lower income.通貨膨脹使低收入家庭的購買力不斷下降。反義 deflation /dI5fleIF(E)n/ n. 1放氣, 縮小2通貨緊縮, 物價低廉(尤指成本不降低時的反常情形)派生 inflate in5fleit vt. 1使膨脹；使得意2使(通貨)膨脹, 使充氣vi. 充氣, 膨脹lag / lA / n. 1落后2囚犯3防護套adj. 最后的vi. 緩緩而行, 滯后vt. 落后于,

15、 押往監獄, 加上外套例 He lagged behind us. 他落在我們后面。同義 dawdle，delay，dillydally，linger，loiter，poke，tarryhence / hens / adv. 因此, 從此例 It is very late; hence you must go to bed. 時間已經很晚了，因此你必須睡覺去。同義 therefore ，accordingly，consequently，elsewhere，from now on，later反義 ago / E5Eu / adv. 以前的, 以往的analogy / E5nAlEdVi / n.

16、 類似, 類推例 No analogy exists between them. 他們之間沒有相似之處。派生 analogise / EnAlEdVaIz / v. 以類推來說明, 類推liken / 5laikEn / vt. 把.比作例 Life is often likened to a dream. 人生常被喻為一場夢。conduct / 5kCndQkt, -dEkt / n. 行為, 操行 v. 引導, 管理, 為人, 傳導例 Your children conduct themselves well. 你的孩子們品行良好。同義 action，behavior，direct，gui

17、de，lead，manage，manner派生 conduction / kEn5dQkFEn / n. 傳導faulty / 5fC:lti / adj. 有過失的, 有缺點的, 不完美的, 不完善的例 a faulty design 不完善的設計方案派生 fault / fC:lt / n. 過錯, 缺點, 故障, 毛病 vt. 挑剔 vi. 弄錯boast / bEust / n. 自夸, 值得夸耀的事物 v. 自夸, 以有.而自豪例 Nobody should boast of his learning. 誰也不應當夸耀自己的學識。同義 brag，belittle，depreciate

18、派生 boaster / 5bEustE / n. 自夸的人digit / 5didVit / n. 1阿拉伯數字2手指或足趾3一指寬(約四分之三英寸)例 The number 2001 contains four digits.2001是個四位數。同義 figure，number，numeral派生 digital / 5didVitl / adj. 1 數字的, 數位的2手指的 n. 數字, 數字式forecaster / 5fC:kB:stE / n. 預報員例 The weather forecaster said that it would rain tonight . 氣象預報員說

19、今晚有雨。派生 forecast / 5fC:kB:st / n. 先見, 預見, 預測, 預報 vt. 預想, 預測, 預報, 預兆predicate / 5predikit / n. 謂詞 v. 斷言例 The predicate of a sentence is that part of the sentence which says somethingabout the subject. 一句話的謂語部分是用來描述主語的。反義 subject / 5sQbdVikt / n. 1, 主題2科目, 學科3國民, 語法主語adj. 1受他國統治的, 未獨立的, 受制于.的, 受.影響的2以

20、.為條件的vt. 使屈從于.,使隸屬派生 predication / 7predi5keiFEn / n. 論斷 predicative / pri5dikEtiv / adj. 肯定的 panel 5pAnl n. 1 面板, 嵌板, 儀表板2座談小組, 全體陪審員 vt. 嵌鑲板例 The date for the panel discussion is fixed now.座談會的日期現已確定。同義 barrier， board ，division ，forum poll / pEul / n. 選舉之投票, 民意測驗 v. 投票, 獲得選票, 選舉中獲得例 They expected

21、a heavy poll. 他們預料會有很多人來投票。同義 canvass ，questionnaire， survey ，votepercentage / pE5sentidV / n. 百分數, 百分率, 百分比例 A small percentage of the workers are unskilled. 少數工人是非熟練工。同義 part ，proportion ，quota， rate ，ratio派生 percent / pE5sent / n. 百分比, 百分數favorable / 5feiErEbl / adj. 1 贊成的, 有利的 2良好的, 討人喜歡的, 起促進作用

22、的例 I hope you will give favorable consideration to my suggestion. 我希望你對我的建議作出肯定的表示。反義 unfavorable / 5Qn5feivErEbl / adj. 不宜的, 不順利的, 相反的, 令人不快的派生 favor / 5feivE / n. 好感, 寵愛, 關切, 歡心, 好意, 喜愛 vt. 支持, 贊成, 照顧, 促成, 象, 喜歡, 證實, 賜予slack / slAk / n. 1 松弛2淡季, 閑散3家常褲 adj. 1松弛的, 不流暢的3疏忽的4漏水的 adv. 1馬虎地2緩慢地 vt. 1 使

23、松弛, 使緩慢2馬虎從事 vi. 松懈, 減弱, 松馳例 The string around the parcel was slack. 打包裹的繩很松。同義 baggy， dull， hanging， inactive， lazy， loose ，slow 反義 tight / taIt/ adj. 1 緊的, 繃緊的, 緊密的2不漏水(不透氣)的3由壓迫產生的4困難的 adv. 緊緊地utilization / 7ju:tilai5zeiFEn / n. 利用例 By this way ,it can help us to cease the problem of over utiliza

24、tion of oil energy . 這種方法能幫助我們解決過量使用石油的問題。派生 utilize / ju:5tIlaIz / vt. 利用mild / maild / adj. 1溫和的2淡味的, 輕微的3適度的例 "He has too mild a nature to get angry, even if he has good cause.""他的性情太溫和了,即使有充分的理由,他也不會動怒。"同義 calm， gentle， good-humored ，good-natured， kind ，lenient ，moderate 反義 h

25、arsh / hB:F / adj. 粗糙的, 荒蕪的, 苛刻的, 刺耳的, 刺目的 severe / si5viE / adj. 嚴厲的, 嚴格的, 劇烈的, 嚴重的, 嚴峻的thrilling / 5WriliN / adj. 1毛骨悚然的2顫動的, 發抖的例 thrilling voice 顫抖的聲音派生 thrill / Wril / v. 發抖defective / di5fektiv / adj. 有缺陷的, (智商或行為有)欠缺的 n. 有缺陷的人, 不完全變化動詞例 He is defective in moral sense. 他不能分辨邪正。派生 defect / di5f

26、ekt / n. 過失, 缺點structural / 5strQktFErEl / adj. 結構的, 建筑的例 structural engineering 建筑工程學; 大建筑工程派生 structure / 5strQktFE / n. 結構, 構造, 建筑物 vt. 建筑, 構成, 組織四、      強化練習1.      In order to develop the Zhujiang New Town core area into a uniform, integrated, e

27、fficient and convenient public spatial system, and improve the comprehensive _ efficiency of urban area, Guangzhou Municipal Government has determined to develop the underground space .A. redundancy B. impetus C. utilization D. disclosure 2.      Oral English has its ow

28、n features, but it is closely combined with other aspects of English, for example, writing may make oral English _ and accurate. A. complicated B. precise C. discreet D. harassed3. The elimination of _ would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed .A. junction B. guidance C. distress D. inflation4. I think you probably know China has adopted a flexible _ in her foreign trade.A. policy B. position C. reservation D. authentic 5. It may sound like torture if your idea o