1、非謂語動詞經典用法講解命題規律1.考查立意較低，主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是，題目的設置注重了情景化和結構復雜化，加大了考生對題干句的理解難度。2設問的角度呈現出多樣化趨勢，不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。命題趨勢不容置疑，高考將繼續加強對非謂語動詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續呈現出“情景化”和“設問角度的多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會有所控制。解題思路 解析句子結構，確定設空在句子中充當的功能（如狀語、定語或賓補）； 找準相關動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關系（主動還是被動）； 搜索句子中相關的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當形式； 將該選項置入空中，看是否能夠做到字從意順

2、，或是否能傳達有效信息、完成交際任務。分詞、不定式作賓補用法要點一、分詞、不定式作賓語補足語的區別1感官動詞see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役動詞have 后面的賓補有三種形式，即原形動詞（不帶to 的不定式）、現在分詞和過去分詞。現在分詞表主動或正在進行，過去分詞表被動或完成，動詞原形表主動和完成。如：I heard her sing an English song just now.剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed

3、by her room yesterday.昨天經過她房間時，我聽見她在唱英文歌。I heard the English song sung many times.我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。注意：不及物動詞的過去分詞作賓補表完成和狀態。如：I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. (狀態)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much. (完成)2leave 后接三種形式作賓補時，其中的leave 保留了原來之義“留下”，但表達的確切之義應是“使處于某種狀態）。leave

4、sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事（賓語和賓補之間是主謂關系，表示動作正在進行。）leave sth. undone 留下某事未做（賓語和賓補之間是動賓關系，表示被動和完成，一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched 為多）leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做（不定式表示將來的動作。）如：Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.你讓機器一直開著是不對的。（主動，正在進行）The guests left most

5、of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.客人們沒有動大部分菜，因為它們嘗起來不可口。（被動，完成）He left, leaving me to do all the rest work.他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主動，將來）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.我們匆匆忙忙地結束了會議，留下了很多問題等待解決。（被動，將來）3have, get 后接三種形式作賓補時，其中have, get 表示“使、讓

6、、叫”之意。 have sth. done = get sth. done “使/讓某事由別人去做”（叫/讓某人做某事）。如Ill have /get my bike repaired tomorrow.此外，have sth. done 還表示“使遭受”之意。如Tom had his leg broken while playing football.Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday. have sb. / sth. doing 使/讓某人/物持續地做某事（現在分詞表示主動，正在進行）get sb

7、. / sth. doing 使某人/物開始行動起來如：The peasants had the tractor working day and night at the harvest time.農忙時，農民們讓拖拉機夜以繼日地干活。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉讓士兵們開始朝前線行進起來。注意：“have sb. doing”若用于否定句中，其中have 有“容忍”之意。如：I wont have you speaking to your parents l

8、ike that.我不會讓你那樣子跟你的父母說話。Dont have the water running all the time. 不要讓水流個不停。 have sb. do sth. (get sb. to do sth. ) 使/讓/叫某人去做某事如：Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt.I cant get him to stop smoking. He wont listen to me.二、下列動詞后跟帶to 的不定式作補語：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, exp

9、ect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, 等。如： An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered to issue clear warning before firing any shots. The teacher asked us not to make so much noise. The flu is beli

10、eved to be caused by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.三、不定式、現在分詞作賓補小竅門下列動詞后在主動語態中用不帶to 的不定式作補語，但在被動語態中要加上to：它們是“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）；3使（make, let, have）；2聽（listen to, hear）；1感覺（fell）。以上動詞還可用現在分詞作賓語補足語（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上動詞除let, m

11、ake 外都可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語，此外find, catch, keep, have 也可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語。如：At that time, I found him crying in the street.He was caught stealing. Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.不定式、分詞作定語用法要點一、不定式作定語1作定語的不定式如果是不及物動詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式

12、動作的地點、工具等，不定式后面須有相應的介詞。如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Please give me a knife to cut with.Here is some paper for you to write on.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時，不定式后面的介詞習慣上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in).We found a way to solve this pr

13、oblem (in).2當作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的承受者時，不定式既可以用主動語態，也可用被動語態，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you anything to send ? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動作執行者是“你”）Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to be sent 的動作執行者是“我”或“別人”）3用不定式作定語的幾種情況：不定式表將來：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.用來修飾被序數詞、最高級或no,

14、all, any 等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, tim

15、e 等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I have a chance to go sight seeing.二、分詞作定語1作定語的及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing; being + 過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動關系時，用V ing；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表正在進行時，用being + 過去分詞；當被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動關系且表完成時，用過去分詞。例如：The houses being built are for the teachers.The broken glass is Toms.I

16、 have never seen a more moving movie.2作定語的不及物動詞分詞形式為：V ing 和過去分詞。V ing 表示正在進行；過去分詞表示已經完成。如：falling leaves 正落的葉子           fallen leaves 落下的葉子boiling water 正沸騰的水           boiled water 沸騰過的水（

17、白開水）三、不定式、過去分詞和現在分詞被動式作定語的區別這三種形式作定語，主要是體現在動作的發生時間上。過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生，或是沒有一定的時間性。如：Have you read the novel written by Dickens ?He is a man loved and respected by all.Dont use words, expression_r_rs, or phrases known only to people with specific knowledge.現在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生

18、。如：Listen ! The song being sung is very popular with the students.不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。如：The question to be discussed at the tomorrows meeting is a very important one.不定式、動名詞作賓語用法要點一、下面動詞只能用不定式作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：決心學會想希望，拒絕設法愿假裝。主動答應選計劃，同意請求幫一幫。Decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish, refuse,

19、 manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help此外，afford, strive（斗爭） 等也要用不定式作賓語。例如： She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run compan

20、ies are striving to make their products more competitive.二、下列動詞只能用動名詞作賓語，請牢記下列小詩：考慮建議盼原諒，承認推遲沒得想。避免錯過繼續練，否認完成停欣賞，不禁介意準逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise, deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate, cant help, min

21、d, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (無法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble (in), have a good /

22、wonderful /hard time (in)等動詞詞組也要用動名詞作賓語。 The squirrels was lucky that they just missed being caught. I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. I would appreciate your calling back this afternoon.三、下列動詞或詞組既可以跟動名詞作賓語，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義上有區別，要特別注意。1. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事

23、        forget doing sth.   忘記已經做過某事remember to do sth. 記住去做某事         remember doing sth. 記得曾經做過某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遺憾去做某事      regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事stop to do sth

24、. 停下來去做另一件事       stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/試圖做某事           try doing sth. 嘗試著做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企圖做某事       mean doing sth. 意味著做某事go on to do sth. (做完某事)接

25、著做另一件事 go on doing sth.繼續做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能幫助做某事      cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事2動詞like, love, prefer 后接不定式或動名詞作賓語均可。如表示經常性的行為可用動名詞，如表示具體的行為常用動詞不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面則應接動詞不定式。如：I like swimming, but I dont like to

26、swim this afternoon.Id like to go swimming this weekend.3在動詞allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟動名詞形式作賓語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動詞不定式作賓語補足語。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth.allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth.如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.4動詞need, require,

27、 want 作“需要”解時，其后必須用動名詞的主動形式或不定式的被動形式作賓語，表示事情需要做。這時動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。be worth 后必須用動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。此外，若動詞need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”這些意義時，其后須接名詞或代詞作賓語，然后接不定式作賓語補足語。即：need / require / want doing / to be doneneed / require / want sb. to do sth.be worth + n. (表示錢數或相當于錢數的名詞)    

28、0;  be worth doing                    be worthy of being done      be worthy of + n. 值得        be worthy to be done如：The

29、 window needs / requires / wants cleaning.The window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned.窗戶需要擦一下。The place is worth visiting.The place is worthy of a visit.The place is worthy of being visited.The place is worthy to be visited.那個地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. What do you thin

30、k of the book ? Oh, excellent, Its worth reading a second time.四、動詞不定式作動詞tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等詞的賓語時，前面常帶wh  引導詞。即how, what, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不帶to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的邏輯主語需與主句的主語或賓語

31、保持一致，否則用賓語從句。例如：He showed us how to do the work. ( = He showed us how we should do the work.)I dont know what to do. ( = I dont know what Ill do.)Can you tell me why do it ?五、動詞不定式在介詞but, other than 后面時，如果介詞之前有行為動詞do 的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則就要帶to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but&#

32、160;后面的不定式也要省略to。如：We could do nothing but / other than wait.We had nothing to do but / other than wait.We have no choice but to wait.I cant choose but laugh.不定式、分詞作狀語用法要點一、不定式作狀語He sat down to have a rest. (表目的)They went there to visit their teacher. 他們去那里拜訪老師。（表目的）He woke up only / just to find ev

33、erybody gone. 他醒來發現大家都走了。（表示結果）My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.我祖母活到親眼見到中國解放。（表示結果）在某些形容詞作表語，表示喜、怒、衷、樂后跟不定式表示原因。如：I am very glad to see you. 我非常高興地見到你。I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 聽到你母親生病真遺憾。在帶有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作狀語，表示程度。如：He was too excited not to say a few word

34、s.他太激動了，不會不講幾句話的。He is old enough to go to school. 他到上學年齡了。She is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：強調動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用in order to (為了) 或so as to (以便) + 動詞原形。so as to 不用于句首。He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起為了趕上第一班車。The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽車停下來以便接納乘客

35、。To look at him, you would like him. (表條件)To tell you the truth, I have got no money about me.To be honest, I know nothing about it. (修飾全句，獨立成分)二、分詞作狀語       1分詞作狀語的基本原則分詞作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致。分詞作狀語必須和句中主語含有邏輯上的主謂或動賓關系，否則不能使用分詞作狀語。2分詞作狀語的句法功能分詞或分詞短語作狀語時，可以表時間、原因

36、、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。表示時間關系的分詞短語有時可由連詞while 或when 引出。如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (時間)Be careful while / when crossing the street. (時間)Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (條件)The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into piec

37、es. (結果)Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (讓步)The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴隨狀況)3獨立成分作狀語有些分詞短語，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨立成分。常見的有：Generally speaking 一般說來       Frankly speaking 坦白地說Judging from 根據來判斷  &

38、#160;  Considering 考慮到To tell you the truth 說實話非謂語動詞其它用法一、疑問詞 + 不定式結構疑問詞（who, which, when, where, how, what等）+ 不定式，這個結構在句中起名詞作用，可充當主語、表語、賓語。如：I didnt know what to do. (賓語)When to hold the meeting is not known yet. (主語)My question was how to get so many books. (表語)注意句型：Why not do sth.

39、? Why do sth. ?二、不定式的主動和被動1不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構成主謂關系時，不定式往往用主動形式。如：Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon ? (A knife cuts the watermelon.)2不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構成邏輯上的動賓關系，又和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系時，不定式常用主動形式。如：She has a sister to look after. (She looks after her sister.)I know what to do. (I do what.)3不定式作表語形容詞

40、的關語，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for sb. 。如：This book is difficult to understand.This kind of fish is nice to eat.4在there be 結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work. )There is a lot of work to be done. (The

41、work has to be done. )請注意下面兩個句子的含義的不同點：There is nothing to do. (無事可做，感到十分乏味。)There is nothing to be done. (某東西壞了，無法使之恢復正常。)三、不定式符號to 的保留問題有時為了避免重復，可以用to 來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現在下列動詞之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try；或出現在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結構中含有：b

42、e, have, have been，這些詞要保留。如：I havent been to Hong Kong, but I wish to. Are you on holiday ? No, but Id like to be. I didnt tell him the news. 我沒有告訴他那個消息。 Oh, you ought to have. 噢，你本應該告訴他的四、動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。It is / was no use / good + doing sth.It is / was not any use / good + d

43、oing sth.It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.It is / was useless如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。It is of little good staying up too late every day.每天都熬夜沒有什么好處若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應保持形式上的一致。Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.眼見為實。五、注意以下表達的意義區別falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉  

44、0;        fallen leaves 已經落下的樹葉boiling water 沸騰的水                 boiled water 燒開過的水developing countries 發展中國家         developed c

45、ountries 發達國家I like swimming, but I dont like to swim this afternoon.Her job is giving piano lessons to children, but this Sunday her job is to teach the children how to dance.The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. )看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。His frightening shout sca

46、red the boys again.The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. 他大吼一聲把那幫男孩給嚇跑了。類似的還有：an exciting voice 令人興奮的聲音       an excited voice 興奮的聲音a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情     a puzzled look 困惑的表情謂語動詞經典用法講解謂語動詞指的是在句子中可以單獨作謂語的動詞，主要由實意動詞充當。另外，

47、be動詞和某些動詞短語也可以是謂語動詞。助動詞，情態動詞不能單獨作謂語，只能協助主要動詞一起構成謂語動詞，因此不在謂語動詞的范疇。一、基本結構英語句子的成分與現代漢語中學的句子成分類似，基本構成也包含主、謂、賓，有時有補語、狀語，還有插入語等成分。由做謂語的動詞在句子中稱為謂語動詞。一般來說沒有謂語的句子是不完整的，由于謂語是說明主語的，所以沒有謂語的例句就像個沒頭的蒼蠅，讓人覺得很亂，不知所云。但是有些句子中謂語是可以省略的，比如感嘆句，What a silly thing (you have done)!括號內的是句子的主語和謂語部分均可省略。所以掌握動詞用法非常重要，在英語中極為重要.動

48、詞做謂語放在主語或賓語之后,比如:I love you中, love就是謂語動詞,又如You know what I know.中,兩個know都是謂語成分,緊跟在施動者后.這是謂語動詞的普通用法.動詞一般都可以做謂語,其中Do可以代替大多數謂語動詞.至于特殊的謂語動詞用法很靈活,比如虛擬語氣中,謂語動詞常采用過去時.有的謂語還有固定用法,比如If I were you I would tell him the truth.這里就體現的是虛擬語氣中Be動詞的固定變化,須識記.還有一些可充當謂語動詞使用的動詞性短語,如turn off,look into,break up. .謂語動詞（Pred

49、icative Verbs），非謂語動詞（Non-predicative Verbs）動詞可充當非謂語和謂語,充當謂語即謂語動詞. 謂語動詞在形態變化上受主語的限制，有人稱和數的變化，它是一個句子或一個從句中不可缺少的一部分。非謂語動詞有著動詞不定式，動名詞，分詞三大類。其中分詞又分現在分詞與過去分詞，形式上現在分詞與動名詞相同。二、概念表示主語動作的詞語和詞組.例如：我看電視“看”就是謂語你正在上網“上網”也是謂語I see a girl.我看見一個女孩“看見”"see"就是這個句子的謂語而see也是個動詞，所以就叫做謂語動詞She is very beautiful.她

50、很漂亮"is"就是這個句子的謂語，也是動詞而短語動詞就是動詞加小品構成的起動詞作用的短語叫短語動詞。例如：Turn off the radio. 把收音機關上。（turn off是短語動詞）短語動詞的構成基本有下列幾種：1）動詞+副詞，如：blank out；2）動詞+介詞，如：look into；3）動詞+副詞+介詞，如：look forward to。構成短語動詞的副詞和介詞都統稱為小品詞。引申：非謂語動詞也是動詞，但不能作謂語，只能作主語、表語、賓語、補語、狀語、定語。非謂語動詞又分為動名詞、不定式、現在分詞和過去分詞。三、比較1) 謂語動詞在句中可單獨作謂語，而非謂

51、語動詞不能單獨作謂語。Miss Mary teaches us English.瑪麗教我們英語。（teaches 動詞作謂語）Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.維克托先生上周來我們教室和我們談話。 （to have a talk. 不定式作目的狀語）2) 謂語動詞受主語的人稱和數的限制，而非謂語動詞形式沒有這種限制。Larke likes the pop music.拉克喜歡流行音樂。 （動詞用單數第三人稱形式，作謂語）Larke has nothing to do today.拉克今天沒

52、什么事要做。（do 用原形，補充說明nothing）非謂語動詞的特征1 如果非謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。Studying English is my favorite.學習英語是我的愛好。（studying 后跟賓語）To help him is my duty.幫助他是我的責任。（help 后跟賓語）2 非謂語動詞可以帶有自己的狀語或邏輯主語。Working under such a condition is terrible.在這樣的環境下工作太可怕了。(under such a condition 是 working 的狀語)It's too difficult for

53、him to master English in such a short time.他在這么短的時間內掌握英語太難了。（for him 作不定式的邏輯主語）3 非謂語動詞仍有語態和時態的變化。I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.對不起讓你久等了。（to have kept.是不定式的完成形式）Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.從山上看，這座城市美麗多了。（Seen from.是分詞的被動形式）4 非謂語動詞在句中可以當成名詞或者形容詞來使用。Our coming

54、made him happy.我們的到來使他很高興。（coming 起名詞作用）There are two big swimming pools here.四、主謂一致主謂一致是指：1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致。2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致。3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞復數用動詞復數。There is much water in the thermos.但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。e.g. Ten thousand tons o

55、f coal were produced last year.Large quantities of water are needed.Large amounts of money are enough.In western countries, mountains of rubbish are thrown away each day.1. 并列結構作主語時謂語用復數。Reading and writing are very important.注意： 當主語由and連結時，如果它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個

56、冠詞。The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.2.如果以what從句作主語，表語又是單數，主句的謂語動詞一般用單數；如果表語是復數，主句的謂語動詞一般用復數。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.What his father left him are a few English books.注意：當what引導的名詞性分句作主語時，主謂一致問題極為復雜。著名學者周海中教授在論文關于what-分句作主語的主謂一致問題中就這一問題做了深入研究，并給出了10種的主謂一

57、致關系。這些一致關系值得英語學習者和使用者特別注意。1 五、典型例題例題The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were答案B. 注： 先從時態上考慮。這是過去發生的事情應用過去時，先排除A.，C.。本題易誤選D，因為The League secretary and monitor 好像是兩個人，但仔細辨別， monitor 前沒有the，在英語中，當一人兼數職時只在第一個職務前加定冠詞。后面的職務用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人

58、，所以應選B。主謂一致中的靠近原則1) 當there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）當either or 與neither nor， 連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。Either you o

59、r she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致當主語后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語一致。The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.He as well as I wants to go boating.No one except his own sup

60、porters agrees with him有時依“就近一致原則”，但也可依“意義一致原則”或嚴格地依“語法一致原則”。Neither she nor I were there (意義一致) 我和她當時都不在那兒。（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（譯文同上句）（正式）但是，如果依“就近一致原則”而與其他兩項原則相矛盾時，則常常認為是不太合符規范的。No one except his own supporters agree with him .僅他自己的支持者同意他的意見。（依“就近”和“意義”一致的原則；但語法上，“No one ”才是主語，

61、謂語要改成“agrees”。“寫作中”一般要依“語法一致”原則。）如上：謂語需用單數1） 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數。Each of us has a tape-recorder.There is something wrong with my watch.2） 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜譚是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。3） 表示金錢，時間

62、，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語 時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數。(用復數也可，意思不變。)Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.Ten yuan is enough.指代意義決定謂語的單復數1） 在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。All is right. (一切順利。)All are present. (所有人都到齊了。)2） 集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決

63、定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復數形式時，意為這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時表示該個集體。His house isn't very large. 他的家不大。His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音樂愛好者。但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復數形式。Are there any police around?3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時看作單數，有時看作復數。A