LESSON1LIVINGINACOMMUNITYUNIT11CONFLICTANDCOMPROMISELEARNINGOBJECTIVESTofindouthowseriousthetwoconflictswere;Totalkaboutneighbourhoodconflicts;Tolearnhowtolivewithlessconflicts;Tolearnhowtobuildaharmoniouscommunity;Tounderstandandlearnwordsandexpressionsincontext;Tolearnsomelanguagepointsfromthenewspaperreports;Tocomparepersonalopinionswiththeideasofothers.KEYPOINTSANDDIFFICULTPOINTSTodescribetheintensityofthetwoconflicts;Totalkaboutneighbourhoodconflicts;Tothinkabouthowtolivewithlessconflicts;Tothinkabouthowtobuildaharmoniouscommunity;Toanswerthecomprehensionquestions;Toanalyzedifficultsentencesinthenewspaperreports;Tothinkcriticallyandexpressopinionsfreely.LEADINGINREADANDEXPLOREHowseriouswerethetwoconflicts?Findandunderlinetheexpressionsthatdescribetheintensityoftheconflictsinthetworeports.Example

...theywerebeingdrivenmadbeingexposedtosuchnoise....we’dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson!READANDEXPLOREDrummerHitstheRoadTheycouldn’trelaxorreadabookwithoutpluggingtheirears.OneneighbouralsoclaimedthatMaMinghadabadinfluenceonhisteenageson.…aftersuchachorusofcomplaints…Howseriouswerethetwoconflicts?Findandunderlinetheexpressionsthatdescribetheintensityoftheconflictsinthetworeports.READANDEXPLOREGrandpaArrestedAfterOneShowerTooMany…hitting30-year-oldKeithSmithovertheheadwithhiswalkingstick……hehadbeendriventothisactofviolence…Hecouldnolongertolerateit.…wedarednotgoontoourbalcony…IhaveneverseenhimmovesofastandIcouldn’tstophim.Hewasupthereinaflash.Howseriouswerethetwoconflicts?Findandunderlinetheexpressionsthatdescribetheintensityoftheconflictsinthetworeports.READANDEXPLOREHowseriouswerethetwoconflicts?Findandunderlinetheexpressionsthatdescribetheintensityoftheconflictsinthetworeports.Whatcanyoulearnfromtheconflicts?Lookbeforeyouleap.Therewillalwaysbebettersolutions.READANDEXPLOREHowcanwelivewithlessconflicts?·Setrulesforbehavior;·Communicatetimely;·Activelylisten;·Stayincontrol;·Standineachother’sshoes;·Offerhelpwhenitisneeded;·…READANDEXPLOREHowcanwebuildaharmoniouscommunity?CommunicateeffectivelyOfferhelpMeltthe“ice”MakefriendsUnderstandeachotherNearourheartsInharmonyTogetherwecanYouandmeREADANDEXPLOREPairWorkFindthenounformofthewordsbelowfromthereports.Writethemdownbeloweachword.Thencompletethequestionswiththenouns.complaindepartwarnactviolent___________________________________________complaintdeparturewarningaction

violenceAskandanswerthequestionsinpairs.READANDEXPLOREPairWorkFindthenounformofthewordsbelowfromthereports.Writethemdownbeloweachword.Thencompletethequestionswiththenouns.1.What__________didthecommunitycounciltaketosolvetheproblembetweentheneighboursandMaMing?2.WhatdidMaMingdoafterhisneighboursmade__________________abouthislatenightdrumming?actioncomplaintsREADANDEXPLORE3.HowdidtheneighboursfeelafterMaMing's_______________?4.WhatwasLaurene'sexplanationforMcKay'sactof_____________againstKeithSmith?5.DidMcKaygiveSmitha______________beforehehithimoverthehead? PairWorkFindthenounformofthewordsbelowfromthereports.Writethemdownbeloweachword.Thencompletethequestionswiththenouns.departureviolencewarningEXPRESSYOURSELFIfyouwereoneofthepeopleinthereports,whatwouldyoudotoavoidconflict?Wouldyouresolveitdifferently?EXPRESSYOURSELFIfyouwereoneofthepeopleinthereports,whatwouldyoudotoavoidconflict?Wouldyouresolveitdifferently?IfIwereMaMing,Iwouldquitdrumminglateatnight.Iwouldpractisemydrumminginmymusicstudiosothatnoonewouldbedisturbed.EXPRESSYOURSELFIfyouwereoneofthepeopleinthereports,whatwouldyoudotoavoidconflict?Wouldyouresolveitdifferently?IfIwereJamesMcKay,IwouldcomplaintothecommunitycouncilaboutwhatKeithSmithdid.Iwouldneverresorttoviolence.LANGUAGEPOINTS1....butit’snormaltohavehighexpectationswhenalmofafavouritebookismade.it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的不定式短語itis+形容詞/名詞+（forsb+）不定式短語Beforebeginningahunt,itiswisetoasksomeonewhatyouarelookingfor.在你開始搜尋東西之前，明智的做法是問清你應該找什么。Itisalsoagoodopportunityformetodosomevoluntarywork.這對我來說也是一個做志愿工作的好機會。LANGUAGEPOINTS2.We’dbesittingtherehappilyreadingournewspapers,whensuddenlysomuchwaterwouldcomefromabovethatwe’dbeaswetasifwehadshoweredwithourclotheson!when在本句中表示“正在這時”，

此時when常用于以下三種情況：（1）sb.bedoingsth.…when…某人正在做……這時……（2）sb.beabouttodosth.…when…某人正要做……這時……（3）sb.hadjustdone…when…某人剛做完……這時……IwaswatchingTVwhenmyparentscameback.IwasabouttodosomeshoppingwhenMiketelephonedme.Ihadjustfinishedmyreportwhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.LANGUAGEPOINTS3.Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.if在此表示“如果”，hehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer是表示過去的虛擬語氣。（1）表示與過去事實相反的情況。其句型為“if+主語+動詞的過去完成式，主語+would/could/should/might+have+動詞的過去分詞”。如：

IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldn't/wouldn't/couldn'thavemadesuchamistake.如果我按照他的建議去做，我一定不會（不可能）犯這樣的錯誤。

LANGUAGEPOINTS3.Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.（2）表示與現在事實相反的情況，其句型為“if+主語+動詞的過去式（be動詞用were），主語+would/could/might/should+動詞原形”。如：

Iftheweatherwerefine,wewouldgotoShanghai.如果天氣好，我們就去上海。（事實上天氣不好）

Iftheyhadtime,theywould/could/mightgowithme.如果他們有時間，他們就會（可能）和我一起去。

LANGUAGEPOINTS3.Theflat-ownersaidifhehadknownthatMaMingwasadrummer,hewouldn’thaverentedtheflattohim.（3）表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果，其句型為“if+主語+動詞的過去式/should+動詞原形/wereto+動詞原形，主語+would/could/might/should+動詞原形”。如：

Theglasswouldbreakifyoudroppedit.杯子摔下來會打破的。（事實上沒有摔下來）

Ifitshouldrain,thecropswould/could/mightbesaved.假如天下雨，莊稼就一定（有可能）會得救。LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.Gettingenoughsleep是動名詞短語，在本句中充當謂語動詞is的主語。動名詞是英語中動詞的非謂語形式的一種，起名詞的作用。在動名詞短語中，動名詞還保留動詞的屬性，如可以帶有自己的賓語、狀語等。

一、動名詞作主語的幾種類型

動名詞可以在句子中充當名詞所能充當的多種句子成分。在這里僅就動名詞在句子中作主語的情況進行討論。

動名詞作主語有如下幾種常見情況：

LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.一、動名詞作主語的幾種類型

1.

直接位于句首做主語。如：Swimmingisagoodsportinsummer.

2.

用

it

作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語。

動名詞做主語時，不太常用

it

作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結構的形容詞還有：better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile等。

注意：important,essential,necessary

等形容詞不能用于上述結構。

LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.一、動名詞作主語的幾種類型

3.

用于“Therebe”結構中。如：

Thereisnosayingwhenhe'llcome.很難說他何時回來。

4.

用于布告形式的省略結構中。如：

Nosmoking(=Nosmokingisallowed(here)).

（此處）禁止吸煙LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.一、動名詞作主語的幾種類型

5.

動名詞的復合結構作主語

當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，常可以在前面加上一個名詞或代詞的所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構(——這時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語)。動名詞的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。如：

Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.

他們來幫忙給了我們很大的鼓勵。LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較

動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。比較：

Smokingisnotgoodforhealth.

吸煙不利于健康。Itisnotgoodforyoutosmokesomuch.

吸這么多煙對你不好。LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較

注意：

（1）在口語中，用動名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。

（2）在“Itisnouse...”，“Itisnogood...”，“Itisfun...”，“Itisawasteof

time...”等句型中，通常用動名詞作真實主語：

Itisnouse/good/awasteoftimetalkingaboutthat.

談論那件事沒用/沒用/浪費時間。LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較

注意：（3）在“Therebe”句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語：

Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.

不知道會發生什么。ThereisnogettingalongwithTom.和湯姆相處不好。LANGUAGEPOINTS4.Gettingenoughsleepisimportantforpeople’shealthand,aftersuchachorusofcomplaints,wehadtotakeaction.二、動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語的比較

注意：（4）在疑問句中，通常用動名詞的